1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationRotating electrical machinesPart 2-2: Specific methods for determining separate losses of large machines from tests Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1BS EN 60034-2-2:2010National forewo
2、rdThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60034-2-2:2010. It isidentical to IEC 60034-2-2:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePEL/2, Rotating electrical machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest
3、 to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 61757 7ICS 29.160.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standar
4、d was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60034-2-2:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60034-2-2 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM June 2010 CENELEC European Committee for
5、Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref.
6、 No. EN 60034-2-2:2010 E ICS 29.160 English version Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-2: Specific methods for determining separate losses of large machines from tests - Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1 (IEC 60034-2-2:2010) Machines lectrique tournantes - Partie 2-2: Mthodes spcifiques pour dterminer
7、les pertes spares des machines de grande taille partir dessais - Complment la CEI 60034-2-1 (CEI 60034-2-2:2010) Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 2-2: Besondere Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Einzelverluste groer elektrischer Maschinen aus Prfungen - Ergnzung zu IEC 60034-2-1 (IEC 60034-2-2:2010)
8、 This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
9、 references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN
10、ELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
11、 Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60034-2-2:2010EN 60034-2-2:2010 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 2/1585/FDIS, future edition 1
12、of IEC 60034-2-2, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating machinery, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60034-2-2 on 2010-06-01. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC
13、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-03-01 latest date by which the national stand
14、ards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-06-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-2-2:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ BS EN 60034-2-2:2010- 3 - EN 60034-2-2:2010
15、 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
16、edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60034-1 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and p
17、erformance EN 60034-1 - IEC 60034-2-1 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) EN 60034-2-1 - BS EN 60034-2-2:2010 2 60034-2-2 IEC:2010 CONTENTS 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms
18、and definitions .5 4 Symbols .6 4.1 Quantities6 4.2 Subscripts .6 5 Basic requirements.7 5.1 Direct and indirect efficiency determination .7 5.1.1 Direct 7 5.1.2 Indirect 7 5.2 Uncertainty7 5.3 Preferred methods.7 6 Common determinations.8 6.1 Efficiency 8 6.2 Total loss 8 6.3 Load losses.9 7 Method
19、s .9 7.1 Calibrated machine method .10 7.1.1 General .10 7.1.2 Machine calibration .10 7.1.3 Test procedure 10 7.1.4 Determination of performance11 7.2 Retardation method.12 7.2.1 Fundamentals12 7.2.2 Test procedure 12 7.2.3 Determination of deceleration 14 7.2.4 Determination of retardation constan
20、t 15 7.2.5 Determination of losses .16 7.3 Calorimetric method 17 7.3.1 General .17 7.3.2 Calorimetric instrumentation 19 7.3.3 Test procedure 22 7.3.4 Determination of losses .22 Figure 1 Method of the chord .15 Figure 2 Reference surface18 Figure 3 Four coolers connected in parallel, single calori
21、meter, single coolant.20 Figure 4 Series connected coolers, two coolants20 Figure 5 Bypass piping 21 Figure 6 Parallel piping 21 Figure 7 Characteristics of pure water as a function of temperature .23 Table 1 Preferred methods for large machines.8 BS EN 60034-2-2:201060034-2-2 IEC:2010 5 ROTATING EL
22、ECTRICAL MACHINES Part 2-2: Specific methods for determining separate losses of large machines from tests Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1 1 Scope This part of IEC 60034 applies to large rotating electrical machines and establishes additional methods of determining separate losses and to define an effici
23、ency supplementing IEC 60034-2-1. These methods apply when full-load testing is not practical and result in a greater uncertainty. NOTE In situ testing according to the calorimetric method for full-load conditions is recognized. The specific methods described are: Calibrated-machine method. Retardat
24、ion method. Calorimetric method. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) ap
25、plies. IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance IEC 60034-2-1, Rotating electrical machines Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document
26、, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1 and IEC 60034-2-1 apply, as well as the following. 3.1 calibrated machine machine whose mechanical power input/output is determined, with low uncertainty, using measured electrical output/input values according to a defined test procedure 3.2 calibrat
27、ed-machine method method in which the mechanical input/output to/from an electrical machine under test is determined from the measurement of the electrical input/output of a calibrated machine mechanically coupled to the test machine 3.3 retardation method method in which the separate losses in a ma
28、chine under test are deduced from the measurements of the deceleration rate of its rotating components when only these losses are present BS EN 60034-2-2:2010 6 60034-2-2 IEC:2010 3.4 calorimetric method method in which the losses in a machine are deduced from the measurements of the heat generated
29、by them 3.5 thermal equilibrium the state reached when the temperature rises of the several parts of the machine do not vary by more than a gradient of 2 K per hour IEV 411-51-08 4 Symbols In addition to the symbols in IEC 60034-2-1, the following apply. 4.1 Quantities A is an area, m2, C is the ret
30、ardation constant, kg m2min2, cpis the specific heat capacity of the cooling medium, J/(kg K), h is the coefficient of heat transfer, W/(m2K), J is the moment of inertia, kg m2, n is the speed, min1, P1E is the excitation power supplied by a separate source, W, Pkis the constant loss, W, Pelis the e
31、lectrical power, excluding excitation, W, Peis the excitation power, W, PFeis the iron loss, W, Pfwis the friction and windage loss, W, Pscis the short-circuit loss, W, Pmechis the mechanical power, W, PTis the total loss, W, Q is the volume rate of flow of the cooling medium, m3/s, t is the time, s
32、, v is the exit velocity of cooling medium, m/s, p is the difference between the static pressure in the intake nozzle and ambient pressure, N/m2, is the temperature rise of the cooling medium, or the temperature difference between the machine reference surface and the external ambient temperature, K
33、, is the per unit deviation of rotational speed from rated speed, is the density of the cooling medium, kg/m3, is the temperature, C. 4.2 Subscripts irs for inside reference surface, ers for outside reference surface, E for exciter, c for the cooling circuit, BS EN 60034-2-2:201060034-2-2 IEC:2010 7
34、 N for rated values, rs for the reference surface, t for a test procedure, 1 for input or initial condition, 2 for output condition. 5 Basic requirements 5.1 Direct and indirect efficiency determination Tests can be grouped in the following categories. 5.1.1 Direct Input-output measurements on a sin
35、gle machine are considered to be direct. This involves the measurement of electrical or mechanical power into, and mechanical or electrical power out of a machine. 5.1.2 Indirect Measurements of the separate losses in a machine under a particular condition are considered to be indirect. This is not
36、usually the total loss but comprises certain loss components. The method may, however, be used to calculate the total loss or to calculate a loss component. The determination of total loss shall be carried out by one of the following methods: direct measurement of total loss; summation of separate l
37、osses. NOTE The methods for determining the efficiency of machines are based on a number of assumptions. Therefore, it is not possible to make a comparison between the values of efficiency obtained by different methods. 5.2 Uncertainty Uncertainty as used in this standard is the uncertainty of deter
38、mining a true efficiency. It reflects variations in the test procedure and the test equipment. Although uncertainty should be expressed as a numerical value, such a requirement needs sufficient testing to determine representative and comparative values. This standard uses the following relative unce
39、rtainty terms: “low“ applies to efficiency determinations based solely upon test results; “medium“ applies to efficiency determinations based upon limited approximations; “high“ applies to efficiency determinations based upon assumptions. 5.3 Preferred methods It is difficult to establish specific r
40、ules for the determination of efficiency. The choice of test to be made depends on the information required, the accuracy required, the type and size of the machine involved and the available field test equipment (supply, load or driving machine). Preferred methods for large machines are given in Ta
41、ble 1. BS EN 60034-2-2:2010 8 60034-2-2 IEC:2010 Table 1 Preferred methods for large machines Quantity to be determined Test method Clause Uncertainty Direct efficiency Calibrated machine 7.1.4.1 medium Total losses Calorimetric 17.3.3d) low/medium Calibrated machine 7.1.4.2a) medium Retardation 7.2
42、.5.2 medium Friction and windage loss Calorimetric 7.3.3a) low/medium Calibrated machine 7.1.4.2b) medium Retardation 7.2.5.3 medium Active iron loss, and additional open-circuit losses in d.c. and synchronous machines Calorimetric 7.3.3b) low/medium Calibrated machine 7.1.4.2c) medium Retardation 7
43、.2.5.5 medium Winding and additional-load losses Calorimetric 7.3.3c) low/medium 6 Common determinations These determinations are applicable to more than one of the listed methods. 6.1 Efficiency Efficiency is: T221E1TE11PPPPPPPP+=+= where P1is the input power excluding excitation power from a separ
44、ate source; P2is the output power; P1E is the excitation power supplied by a separate source; PT is the total loss according to 6.2. NOTE 1 Input power P1 and output power P2are as follows: in motor operation: P1= Pel; P2= Pmech; in generator operation: P1= Pmech; P2= Pel.NOTE 2 PTincludes the excit
45、ation power Peof the machine where applicable. 6.2 Total loss When the total loss is determined as the sum of the separate losses the following formulae apply: For direct current machines: PT = Pk + Pa + Pb + PLL + Pe_ 1If the relative error in Pirs(see 7.3.1) is likely to be greater than 3 %, the c
46、alorimetric method is not recommended. BS EN 60034-2-2:201060034-2-2 IEC:2010 9 Pe = Pf + PEPk = Pfw + PFeFor induction machines: PT = Pk + Ps + Pr + PLL Pk = Pfw + PFeFor synchronous machines: PT = Pk + Pa + PLL + PePe = Pf + PE+ PbPk = Pfw + PFewhere: Pais the I2R armature-winding loss (interpole,
47、 compensation and series field winding loss in case of d.c. machines), Pbis the brush loss, PEis the exciter loss, Peis the excitation power, Pfis the excitation (field winding) loss, PFeis the iron loss, Pfwis the friction and windage loss, Pkis the constant loss, PLLis the additional load loss, Pr
48、is the I2R rotor winding loss, Psis the stator I2R winding loss, PTis the total loss. 6.3 Load losses Losses relative to machine load (with lowest uncertainty) are best determined from actual measurements. For example: measurements of current, resistance, etc. under full-load operation. When this is
49、 not possible, these values shall be obtained from calculation of the parameters during the design stage. Determination of losses not itemized in this part may be found in IEC 60034-2-1. 7 Methods For the determination of performance when machine load and/or size exceed test capabilities (described in IEC 60034-2-1), the following test methods may be used. NOTE These methods are generally applicable to large machines where th
