1、Rotating electricalmachines Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from testsBS EN 60034-4:2008raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI British StandardsNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation
2、 of EN 60034-4:2008. It isidentical to IEC 60034-4:2008. It supersedes BS EN 60034-4:1995, which willbe withdrawn on 1 July 2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePEL/2, Rotating electrical machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can
3、be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 57273 9ICS 29.160.01BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60034-4:2008Compliance with a British Standard cannot con
4、fer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2009 Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60034-4 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM September 2008 CENELEC
5、European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwid
6、e for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60034-4:2008 E ICS 29.160 Supersedes EN 60034-4:1995English version Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests (IEC 60034-4:2008) Machines lectriques tournantes - Partie 4: Mthodes pour la dtermination,
7、partir dessais, des grandeurs des machines synchrones (CEI 60034-4:2008) Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kenngren von Synchronmaschinen durch Messungen (IEC 60034-4:2008) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to
8、comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central
9、 Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same statu
10、s as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Pol
11、and, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60034-4:2008EN 60034-4:2008 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 2/1488/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60034-4, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating machinery, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote
12、and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60034-4 on 2008-07-01. This European Standard supersedes EN 60034-4:1995. The main changes with respect to EN 60034-4:1995 are listed below: tests described in supplement A of EN 60034-4:1995 were partly removed for lack of relevance in current practice; provisions
13、were made for tests on machines with brushless excitation; a table of test methods indicates preferred tests, and a test cross-reference is provided; the conventional two-axes salient-pole machine model description was added in an annex. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN ha
14、s to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-04-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-07-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the
15、 International Standard IEC 60034-4:2008 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ BS EN 60034-4:2008- 3 - EN 60034-4:2008 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced
16、documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modific
17、ations, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60034-1 2004 Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance EN 60034-1 2004 IEC 60034-2-1 -1)Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency fr
18、om tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) EN 60034-2-1 20072)IEC 60034-2A -1)Rotating electrical machines - Part 2: Methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) First supplement: Measurement of losses b
19、y the calorimetric method - - IEC 60051 Series Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories EN 60051 Series 1)Undated reference. 2)Valid edition at date of issue. BS EN 60034-4:2008 2 60034-4 IEC:2008 CONTENTS 1 Scope.9 2 Normative references .9 3 Terms an
20、d definitions .9 4 Symbols and units 14 5 Overview of tests15 6 Test procedures .18 6.1 General .18 6.1.1 Instrumentation requirements 18 6.1.2 Excitation system requirements .18 6.1.3 Test conditions 18 6.1.4 Per unit base quantities .19 6.1.5 Conventions and assumptions .19 6.1.6 Consideration of
21、magnetic saturation.20 6.2 Direct measurements of excitation current at rated load 21 6.3 Direct-current winding resistance measurements.21 6.4 No-load saturation test 22 6.4.1 Test procedure 22 6.4.2 No-load saturation characteristic determination .23 6.5 Sustained three-phase short-circuit test 23
22、 6.5.1 Test procedure 23 6.5.2 Three-phase sustained short-circuit characteristic .24 6.6 Motor no-load test .24 6.7 Phase shifting test.24 6.8 Over-excitation test at zero power-factor .25 6.9 Negative excitation test .25 6.10 On-load test measuring the load angle 25 6.11 Low slip test 25 6.12 Sudd
23、en three-phase short-circuit test 26 6.13 Voltage recovery test.27 6.14 Suddenly applied short-circuit test following disconnection from line .27 6.15 Direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill test.27 6.16 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited 28
24、 6.17 Applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis positions .29 6.18 Applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position.29 6.19 Single phase voltage test applied to the three phases .30 6.20 Line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 30 6.21 Sudden line-to-line short-circ
25、uit.31 6.22 Line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test31 6.23 Negative-phase sequence test 32 6.24 Field current decay test, with the armature winding open-circuited 32 6.24.1 Test at rated speed .32 6.24.2 Test at standstill 32 6.25 Field current decay test at rated speed with the arm
26、ature-winding short-circuited 32 6.26 Suddenly applied excitation with armature winding short-circuited.33 BS EN 60034-4:200860034-4 IEC:2008 3 6.27 Field current decay test at standstill with two phases of armature winding short-circuited .33 6.28 Applied voltage test with rotor removed.33 6.29 No-
27、load retardation test.34 6.30 Suspended rotor oscillation test 34 6.31 Locked rotor test .35 6.32 Over-excitation test at zero power factor and variable armature voltage 35 6.33 Asynchronous operation during the low-voltage test 35 6.34 Applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill.36 7 Dete
28、rmination of quantities.38 7.1 Graphic procedures and analysis of oscillographic records38 7.1.1 No-load saturation and three-phase, sustained short-circuit curves .38 7.1.2 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test 38 7.1.3 Voltage recovery test.41 7.1.4 Direct current decay in the armature winding at
29、standstill 41 7.1.5 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited 43 7.2 Direct-axis synchronous reactance 44 7.2.1 From no-load saturation and three-phase sustained short-circuit test 44 7.2.2 From motor no-load test 44 7.2.3 From phase shifting test 44 7.2.4 From on-load te
30、st measuring the load angle 44 7.3 Direct-axis transient reactance 45 7.3.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test45 7.3.2 From voltage recovery test 45 7.3.3 From d.c. decay test in the armature winding at standstill 45 7.3.4 Calculation from test values.45 7.4 Direct-axis sub-transient reactan
31、ce .45 7.4.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test45 7.4.2 From voltage recovery test 46 7.4.3 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis46 7.4.4 From applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position 46 7.5 Quadrature-axis synchronous reactance47 7.5.1 From
32、negative excitation test.47 7.5.2 From low slip test 47 7.5.3 From phase shifting test 48 7.5.4 From on-load test measuring the load angle 49 7.6 Quadrature-axis transient reactance49 7.6.1 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill .49 7.6.2 Calculation from test values.49
33、 7.7 Quadrature-axis sub-transient reactance .49 7.7.1 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature position .49 7.7.2 From applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position 50 7.8 Zero-sequence reactance50 7.8.1 From single-phase voltage application to the three phases
34、50 7.8.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test 50 7.9 Negative-sequence reactance .51 7.9.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 51 7.9.2 From negative-phase sequence test 51 BS EN 60034-4:2008 4 60034-4 IEC:2008 7.9.3 Calculation from test values.52 7.9.4 From sudd
35、en line-to-line short-circuit test 52 7.9.5 From direct-current decay test at standstill 52 7.10 Armature leakage reactance52 7.11 Potier reactance 53 7.12 Zero-sequence resistance .54 7.12.1 From single-phase voltage test applied to the three phases.54 7.12.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustai
36、ned short-circuit test 54 7.13 Positive-sequence armature winding resistance 54 7.14 Negative-sequence resistance.54 7.14.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 54 7.14.2 From negative-phase sequence test 55 7.15 Armature and excitation winding resistance.55 7.16 Direct-axis transient shor
37、t-circuit time constant .56 7.16.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test56 7.16.2 From field current decay at rated speed with armature winding short-circuited 56 7.16.3 From direct current decay test at standstill 56 7.16.4 From suddenly applied excitation with armature winding short-circuited
38、 56 7.16.5 From field current decay test at standstill with two phases of armature winding short-circuited56 7.17 Direct-axis transient open-circuit time constant .56 7.17.1 From field current decay at rated speed with armature winding open .56 7.17.2 From field current decay test at standstill with
39、 armature winding open .56 7.17.3 From voltage recovery test 56 7.17.4 From direct-current decay test at standstill 57 7.17.5 From suddenly applied excitation with armature winding open-circuited 57 7.18 Direct-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant.57 7.19 Direct-axis sub-transient open-cir
40、cuit time constant.57 7.19.1 From voltage recovery test 57 7.19.2 From direct-current decay test at standstill 57 7.20 Quadrature-axis transient short-circuit time constant .57 7.20.1 Calculation from test values.57 7.20.2 From direct-current decay test at standstill 57 7.21 Quadrature-axis transien
41、t open-circuit time constant .57 7.21.1 Determination from direct-current decay test at standstill.57 7.22 Quadrature-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant 57 7.22.1 Calculation from test values.57 7.22.2 Determination from direct- current decay test at standstill58 7.23 Quadrature-axis sub
42、-transient open-circuit time constant 58 7.23.1 From direct-current decay test at standstill 58 7.24 Armature short-circuit time constant 58 7.24.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test58 7.24.2 Calculation from test values.58 7.25 Rated acceleration time and stored energy constant58 7.25.1 Fro
43、m suspended rotor oscillation test 58 7.25.2 From no-load retardation test 59 BS EN 60034-4:200860034-4 IEC:2008 5 7.26 Rated excitation current 59 7.26.1 From direct measurement59 7.26.2 Potier diagram.60 7.26.3 ASA diagram .61 7.26.4 Swedish diagram .62 7.27 Excitation current referred to rated ar
44、mature sustained short-circuit current 63 7.27.1 From over-excitation test at zero power factor .63 7.27.2 From sustained three-phase short-circuit test 64 7.28 Frequency response characteristics 64 7.28.1 General .64 7.28.2 From asynchronous operation at reduced voltage64 7.28.3 From applied variab
45、le frequency voltage test at standstill 65 7.28.4 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill .66 7.29 Short-circuit ratio.67 7.30 Rated voltage regulation67 7.30.1 From direct measurement67 7.30.2 From no-load saturation characteristic and known field current at rated load
46、67 7.31 Initial starting impedance of synchronous motors 67 Annex A (informative) Testing cross-reference.69 Annex B (informative) Calculation scheme for frequency response characteristics .72 Annex C (informative) Conventional electrical machine model .74 Figure 1 Schematic for d.c. decay test at s
47、tandstill 28 Figure 2 Circuit diagram for line-to-line short-circuit test 30 Figure 3 Circuit diagram for line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test.31 Figure 4 Search coil installation with rotor removed .34 Figure 5 Power and current versus slip (example)36 Figure 6 Schematic for var
48、iable frequency test at standstill36 Figure 7 Recorded quantities from variable frequency test at standstill (example).37 Figure 8 Combined saturation and short-circuit curves.38 Figure 9 Transient and sub-transient component of short-circuit current 39 Figure 10 Determination of transient component
49、 of short-circuit current .40 Figure 11 Graphical determination of aperiodic component 40 Figure 12 Transient and sub-transient component of recovery voltage .41 Figure 13 Semi-logarithmic plot of decay currents42 Figure 14 Suddenly applied excitation with armature winding open-circuited43 Figure 15 No-load e.m.f. and excitation current for one pole-pitch slip .47 Figure 16 Current envelope from low-slip test 48 Figure 17 Determination of Potier reactance 53 Figure 18
