1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPhotovoltaic devices Part 4: Reference solar devices Procedures for establishing calibration traceabilityBS EN 60904-4:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implem
2、entation of EN 60904-4:2009. It isidentical to IEC 60904-4:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeGEL/82, Solar photovoltaic energy systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does
3、 not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 64261 6ICS 27.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the
4、 StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2010Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60904-4:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60904-4 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM November 2009 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit E
5、uropen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2009 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. ICS 27.160 English version Photovoltaic de
6、vices - Part 4: Reference solar devices - Procedures for establishing calibration traceability (IEC 60904-4:2009) Dispositifs photovoltaques - Partie 4: Dispositifs solaires de rfrence -Procdures pour tablir la traabilit de ltalonnage (CEI 60904-4:2009) Photovoltaische Einrichtungen - Teil 4: Refere
7、nz-Solarelemente - Verfahren zur Feststellung der Rckverfolgbarkeit der Kalibrierung (IEC 60904-4:2009) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2009-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
8、Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
9、 French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belg
10、ium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Ref. No. E
11、N 60904-4:2009 E BS EN 60904-4:2009EN 60904-4:2009 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 82/533/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 60904-4, prepared by IEC TC 82, Solar photovoltaic energy systems, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60904-4 on 2009-09-01. The fo
12、llowing dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2010-06-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2012-09-01 Annex ZA has bee
13、n added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60904-4:2009 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60891 NOTE Harmon
14、ized as EN 60891:1994 (not modified). IEC 60904-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-1:2006 (not modified). IEC 60904-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-3:2008 (not modified). IEC 60904-7 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-7:2009 (not modified). IEC 60904-8 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-8:1998 (not modified). IEC 60904-
15、9 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-9:2007 (not modified). IEC 61836 NOTE Harmonized as CLC/TS 61836:2009 (not modified). _ BS EN 60904-4:2009- 3 - EN 60904-4:2009 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following reference
16、d documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modif
17、ications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD YearIEC 60904-2 -1)Photovoltaic devices - Part 2: Requirements for reference solar devices EN 60904-2 20072)ISO/IEC 17025 -1)General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories EN ISO/I
18、EC 17025 20052)ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 2008 Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) - - ISO 9059 -1)Solar energy - Calibration of field pyrheliometers by comparison to a reference pyrheliometer - - ISO 9846 -1)Solar energy - Calibration of a p
19、yranometer using a pyrheliometer - - 1)Undated reference. 2)Valid edition at date of issue. BS EN 60904-4:2009 2 60904-4 IEC:2009 CONTENTS 1 Scope and object5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Requirements for traceable calibration procedures of PV reference solar devices 7 5 Un
20、certainty analysis .8 6 Calibration report8 7 Marking 8 Annex A (informative) Examples of validated calibration procedures10 Bibliography24 Figure 1 Schematic of most common reference instruments and transfer methods used in the traceability chains for solar irradiance detectors. 7 Figure A.1 Block
21、diagram of differential spectral responsivity calibration superimposing chopped monochromatic radiation DE(l) and DC bias radiation Eb18 Figure A.2 Optical arrangement of differential spectral responsivity calibration. .19 Figure A.3 Schematic apparatus of the solar simulator method. .21 Table 1 Exa
22、mples of reference instruments, used in a traceability chain of time and solar irradiance.7 Table A.1 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of global sunlight method 15 Table A.2 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of a differential spectral responsivity calibration .18 Table A.3 Example of unce
23、rtainty components (k = 2) of a solar simulator method calibration.21 Table A.4 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of a solar simulator method calibration when WRR traceable cavity radiometer is used .21 Table A.5 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of a direct sunlight method 23 BS EN 60904-
24、4:200960904-4 IEC:2009 5 PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES Part 4: Reference solar devices Procedures for establishing calibration traceability 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 60904 sets the requirements for calibration procedures intended to establish the traceability of photovoltaic reference solar devices
25、 to SI units as required by IEC 60904-2. This standard applies to photovoltaic (PV) reference solar devices that are used to measure the irradiance of natural or simulated sunlight for the purpose of quantifying the performance of PV devices. The use of a PV reference solar device is required in the
26、 application of IEC 60904-1 and IEC 60904-3. This standard has been written with single junction PV reference solar devices in mind, in particular crystalline Silicon. However, the main part of the standard is sufficiently general to include other technologies. The methods described in Annex A, howe
27、ver, are limited to single junction technologies. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including a
28、ny amendments) applies. IEC 60904-2, Photovoltaic devices Part 2: Requirements for reference solar devices ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories ISO 9059, Solar energy Calibration of field pyrheliometers by comparison to a reference pyrheliome
29、ter ISO 9846, Solar energy Calibration of a pyranometer using a pyrheliometer ISO/IEC Guide 98-3: 2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions
30、apply. NOTE The different reference instruments for the traceability chain of solar irradiance are defined in this Clause. Table 1 lists and compares them with those in use for time. Figure 1 shows schematically the most common traceability chains, based on the methods described in Annex A. 3.1 prim
31、ary standard a device, which implements physically one of the SI units or directly related quantities. They are usually maintained by national metrology institutes (NMIs) or similar organisations entrusted with maintenance of standards for physical quantities. Often referred to also just as the prim
32、ary, the physical implementation is selected such that long-term stability, precision BS EN 60904-4:2009 6 60904-4 IEC:2009 and repeatability of measurement of the quantity it represents are guaranteed to the maximum extent possible by current technology. NOTE The World Radiometric Reference (WRR) a
33、s realized by the World Standard Group (WSG) of cavity radiometers is the accepted primary standard for the measurement of solar irradiance. 3.2 secondary standard a device, which by periodical comparison with a primary standard, serves to maintain conformity to SI units at other places than that of
34、 the primary standard. It does not necessarily use the same technical principles as the primary standard, but strives to achieve similar long-term stability, precision and repeatability. NOTE Typical secondary standards for solar irradiance are cavity radiometers which participate periodically (norm
35、ally every 5 years) in the International Pyrheliometer Comparison (IPC) with the WSG. 3.3 primary reference the reference instrument which a laboratory uses to calibrate secondary references. It is compared at periodic intervals to a secondary standard. Often primary references can be realised at mu
36、ch lower costs than secondary standards. NOTE Typically a solar cell is used as a reference solar device for the measurement of natural or simulated solar irradiance. 3.4 secondary reference the measurement device in use for daily routine measurements or to calibrate working references, calibrated a
37、t periodic intervals to a primary reference. NOTE The most common secondary references for the measurement of natural or simulated solar irradiance are solar cells and solar modules. 3.5 traceability the requirement for any PV reference solar device, to tie its calibration value to SI units in an un
38、broken and documented chain of calibration transfers including stated uncertainties. NOTE The WRR has been compared twice to the SI radiometric scale and shown to be within their mutual uncertainty levels. Therefore traceability to WRR automatically provides traceability to SI units. However, the un
39、certainty of the ratio WRR/SI units needs to be taken into account. The World Radiation Center (WRC) recommends a rectangular uncertainty distribution with 0,3 % half-width. A third comparison is currently underway and should be published in the future. J. Romero, N.P. Fox, C. Frhlich metrologia 28
40、(1991) 125-8 J. Romero, N.P. Fox, C. Frhlich metrologia 32 (1995/1996) 523-4 BS EN 60904-4:200960904-4 IEC:2009 7 Table 1 Examples of reference instruments, used in a traceability chain of time and solar irradiance Reference instrument Time Solar irradiance Primary standard Cesium atomic clock at Na
41、tional Metrology Institute (NMI) Group of cavity radiometers constituting the World Standard Group (WSG) of the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) Cryogenic trap detector Standard lamp Secondary standard Cesium atomic clock on GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites Commercially available cavity r
42、adiometers compared every 5 years at the International Pyrheliometer Comparison (IPC) Standard detector calibrated against a trap detector Spectroradiometer calibrated against a standard lamp Primary reference GPS receiver, set to show time Normal incidence pyrheliometer (NIP) (ISO 9059) Reference s
43、olar device (IEC 60904-2 and IEC 60904-4) Secondary reference Quartz watch Pyranometer (ISO 9846) Reference solar device (IEC 60904-2) NOTE Direct traceability of absolute radiometers to SI radiometric scale may also be available. Figure 1 Schematic of most common reference instruments and transfer
44、methods used in the traceability chains for solar irradiance detectors 4 Requirements for traceable calibration procedures of PV reference solar devices A traceable calibration procedure is necessary to transfer calibration from a standard or reference measuring solar irradiance (such as cavity radi
45、ometer, pyrheliometer and pyranometer) to a PV reference solar device. The requirements for such procedures are as follows: PyranometerAbsolute radiometerPrimary standard WSGNIPReference solar device Secondary standard Primary reference Secondary reference ISO 9059ISO 9846IEC 60904-2 Standard detect
46、orTrap detectorSpectroradiometerStandard lampIPCIEC 60904-4 Reference solar device IEC 858/09 BS EN 60904-4:2009 8 60904-4 IEC:2009 a) Any measurement instrument required and used in the transfer procedure shall be an instrument with an unbroken traceability chain. b) A documented uncertainty analys
47、is. c) Documented repeatability, such as measurement results of laboratory intercomparison, or documents of laboratory quality control. d) Inherent absolute precision, given by a limited number of intermediate transfers. NOTE 1 Normally the transfer would be from a secondary standard to a PV referen
48、ce solar cell constituting a primary reference. NOTE 2 The transfer from one reference solar device to another is covered by IEC 60904-2. 5 Uncertainty analysis An uncertainty estimate according to MISC UNCERT ED. 1.0 (1995-01) shall be provided for each traceable calibration procedure. This estimat
49、e shall provide information on the uncertainty of the calibration procedure and quantitative data on the following uncertainty factors for each instrument used in performing the calibration procedure. In particular: a) Component of uncertainty arising from random effects (Type A). b) Component of uncertainty arising from systematic effects (Type B). Nevertheless a full uncertainty analysis has to be performed for the implementation of the calibration meth
