1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN61280-4-4:2006Fibre optic communication subsystem test procedures Part 4-4: Cable plants and links Polarization mode dispersion measurement for installed linksThe European Standard EN 61280-4-4:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 33.180.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3
2、g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 61280-4-4:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Ma
3、y 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48382 7National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 61280-4-4:2006. It is identical with IEC 61280-4-4:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/3,
4、Fibre optic systems and active devices, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may
5、be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
6、 responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and
7、keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 67 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indica
8、tes when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61280-4-4 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM April 2006 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee
9、 fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61280-4-4:2006 E ICS 33.180.01 English version Fibre optic communication subsystem test
10、procedures Part 4-4: Cable plants and links - Polarization mode dispersion measurement for installed links (IEC 61280-4-4:2006) Procdures dessai des sous-systmes de tlcommunication fibres optiques Partie 4-4: Installation de cbles et liens - Mesure de la dispersion de mode polarisation pour les liai
11、sons installes (CEI 61280-4-4:2006) Prfverfahren fr Lichtwellenleiter-Kommunikationsuntersysteme Teil 4-4: Kabelnetze und bertragungsstrecken - Messung der Polarisationsmodendispersion von installierten bertragungsstrecken (IEC 61280-4-4:2006) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-0
12、2-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obt
13、ained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Cen
14、tral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
15、 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword The text of document 86C/683/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61280-4-4, prepared by SC 86C, Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted
16、 to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61280-4-4 on 2006-02-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-12-01 latest date by which th
17、e national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-02-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61280-4-4:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for
18、Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60793-1-48 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60793-1-48:2003 (not modified). IEC 61290-11-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61290-11-1:2003 (not modified). IEC 61290-11-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61290-11-2:2005 (not modified). _ 2 EN 61280-
19、4-4:2006CONTENTS 3 EN 61280-4-4:20061 Scope 5 2 Normative references .6 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms 6 4 Background on PMD properties.7 5 Measurement methods .8 5.1 Methods of measuring PMD .8 5.2 Reference test method.12 6 Apparatus.12 6.1 Light source and polarizers12 6.2 Input optics .13 6.3 C
20、ladding mode stripper13 6.4 High-order mode filter13 6.5 Output positioner .13 6.6 Output optics.13 6.7 Detector 14 6.8 Computer 14 6.9 Means to reduce the effects of amplified spontaneous emission .14 7 Sampling and specimens 14 8 Procedure 14 9 Calculation or interpretation of results.14 10 Docume
21、ntation .15 10.1 Information required for each measurement .15 10.2 Information to be available.15 11 Specification information.15 Annex A (normative) Fixed analyzer method.16 Annex B (normative) Stokes parameter evaluation method .23 Annex C (normative) Interferometric method.30 Annex D (normative)
22、 Stokes parameter evaluation method using back-reflected light 40 Annex E (normative) Modulation phase-shift method.42 Annex F (normative) Polarization phase shift method53 Annex G (informative) PMD determination by Method C61 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications w
23、ith their corresponding European publications67 Bibliography .65 Figure A1 Block diagrams for fixed analyzer .16 Figure A2 Example of the R-function for the fixed analyzer method .18 Figure A3 PMD by Fourier analysis 21 4 EN 61280-4-4:2006Figure B1 Block diagram for Method B using a narrowband (tune
24、able laser) source.23Figure B2 Block diagram for Method B using a broadband (ASE) source .23 Figure C1 Generic set-up for Method C (INTY) .30 Figure C2 Schematic diagram for Method C (TINTY).31 Figure C3 Typical data obtained by Method C (TINTY)33 Figure C4 Schematic diagram for Method C (GINTY) 34
25、Figure C5 Typical random-mode-coupling data obtained by Method C (GINTY) .37 Figure C6 Typical mixed-mode-coupling data obtained by Method C (GINTY)38 Figure D1 Layout for Method D.40 Figure E1 Basic apparatus .42 Figure E2 Apparatus layout for polarization modulation.46 Figure E3 Mueller states on
26、Poincar sphere49 Figure E4 DGD versus wavelength .50 Figure E5 DGD in histogram format51 Figure F1 Block diagram for Method F (polarization phase shift method) .53 Figure F2 DGD versus wavelength for a random mode coupling device .57 Table E1 Example of Mueller set 49 FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION SUBSY
27、STEM TEST PROCEDURES Part 4-4: Cable plants and links Polarization mode dispersion measurement for installed links 1 Scope This part of IEC 61280 provides uniform methods of measuring polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of single-mode installed links. An installed link is the optical path between tra
28、nsmitter and receiver, or a portion of that optical path. These measurements may be used to assess the suitability of a given link for high bit rate applications or to provide insight on the relationships of various related transmission attributes. The principles of this document are aligned with th
29、ose of the optical fibre and optical fibre cable test method, IEC 60793-1-48 (see Bibliography), which focuses on aspects related to the measurement of factory lengths. Instead, this document focuses on the measurement methods and requirements for measuring long lengths that might be installed and t
30、hat might also include other optical elements, such as amplifiers, DWDM components, multiplexers, etc. PMD is a statistical parameter. The reproducibility of measurements depends on the particular method, but is limited also by the PMD level of the link. Gisin 35)derived a theoretical limit to this
31、reproducibility, by assuming an infinite range of measured wavelengths and ideal measurement conditions. NOTE 1 Test methods for factory lengths of optical fibres and optical fibre cables are given in IEC 60793-1-48. NOTE 2 Test methods for optical amplifiers are given in IEC 61290-11-1 and IEC 6129
32、0-11-2. NOTE 3 Test methods for passive optical components are given in IEC 61300-3-32. NOTE 4 Guidelines for the calculation of PMD for links that include components such as dispersion compensators or optical amplifiers are given in IEC 61282-3. With the exception of Method D, all methods in this d
33、ocument may be used to measure the PMD in the gain band of links that include pumped optical amplifiers. For these links, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise can generate depolarized spectral energy in the neighbourhood of the measurement wavelength. This will, in general, reduce the accuracy
34、 of the measurement. For Methods A, B, C, E and F, this effect can be moderated by implementing an optical or electrical filter at the receive end. However, optical filtering will not remove the ASE right under the signal spectrum. The accuracy will then be limited by a lower degree of polarization
35、(DOP), if the spectral width of the filter cannot be sufficiently reduced as with a broadband source. Lower DOP may require the signal to be integrated longer to be meaningful or the result will become too noisy and interpretation will be erroneous. None of the methods is suitable for measuring the
36、PMD of links with polarization dependent loss (PDL) in excess of 10 dB. Links with PDL values less than 1 dB can be measured with reasonable accuracy. Measurement accuracy may be compromised by the presence of PDL in excess of 1 dB. _ 5)Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. 5 EN 6128
37、0-4-4:20062 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60793-1-44:
38、Optical fibres Part 1-44: Measurement methods and test procedures Cut-off wavelength 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms c Velocity of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s) h Coupling length L Length of the link ct Optical source coherence time (Method C) Wavelength increment (step size) Optical frequency inc
39、rement (step size) Optical source spectral width or linewidth (FWHM unless noted otherwise) Rotation angle on Poincar sphere Differential arrival times of different polarization components. minMinimum value that can be measured Differential group delay value Average DGD over a wavelength range or PM
40、Daveragevalue 1/2RMS DGD over a wavelength range or PMDRMSvalue maxMaximum value that can be measured Angular frequency variation in Method B Test wavelength used to measure PMD 0Central wavelength of the light source v Optical light frequency RSecond moment of Fourier transform data 0RMS width of t
41、he squared autocorrelation envelope xRMS width of the squared cross-correlation envelope RMS width of interferogram Angular optical frequencyASE Amplified spontaneous emission DGD Differential group delay DOP Degree of polarization DUT Device under test FA Fixed analyzer 6 EN 61280-4-4:2006FET Field
42、 effect transistor FWHM Full-width half-maximum GINTY General interferometric analysis I/O Input-output JME Jones matrix eigenanalysis LED Light emitting diode MPS Modulation phase shift PDL Polarization dependent loss PIN (diode) Positive insulated negative PMD Polarization mode dispersion PPS Pola
43、rization phase shift PSA Poincar sphere analysis PSP Principal SOP RBW Resolution bandwidth RMS Root mean-square SOP State of polarization SPE Stokes parameter evaluation TINTY Traditional interferometric analysis 4 Background on PMD properties PMD causes an optical pulse to spread in the time domai
44、n. This dispersion could impair the performance of a telecommunications system. The effect can be related to differential phase and group velocities and corresponding arrival times, , of different polarization components of the signal. For a sufficiently narrowband source, the effect can be related
45、to a differential group delay (DGD), , between pairs of orthogonally polarized principal states of polarization (PSP) at a given wavelength. For broadband transmission, the delays bifurcate and result in an output pulse that is spread out in the time domain. In this case, the spreading can be relate
46、d to the root-mean square (RMS) of DGD values. In long fibre spans, DGD varies randomly both in time and wavelength since it depends on the details of the birefringence along the entire fibre length. It is also sensitive to time-dependent temperature and mechanical perturbations on the fibre. For th
47、is reason, a useful way to characterize PMD in long fibres is in terms of the expected value, , or the mean DGD over wavelength. In principle, the expected value does not undergo large changes for a given fibre from day to day or from source to source, unlike the parameters or . In addition, is a us
48、eful predictor of transmission performance. The term “PMD“ is used both in the general sense of two polarization modes having different group velocities (one having the fastest velocity and corresponding earliest arrival time and the other the slowest velocity and corresponding latest arrival time,
49、the difference between the two arrival times being the DGD), and in the specific sense of the expected value . The latter gives us the strict definition of PMD for the purposes of this document. The DGD or pulse broadening can be averaged over wavelength, yielding , or frequency, 7 EN 61280-4-4:2006yielding , or time, yielding t, or temperature, yielding T. For most purposes, it is not necessary to distingu
