1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationGuide to specification of hydraulic turbine governing systemsBS EN 61362:2012National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61362:2012. It is identical to
2、IEC 61362:2012. It supersedes BS EN 61362:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeMCE/15, Hydraulic turbines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport
3、to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 72947 8ICS 27.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This B
4、ritish Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61362:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61362 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM August 2012 CENELEC European C
5、ommittee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC
6、members. Ref. No. EN 61362:2012 E ICS 27.140 Supersedes EN 61362:1998English version Guide to specification of hydraulic turbine governing systems (IEC 61362:2012) Guide pour la spcification des systmes de rgulation des turbines hydrauliques (CEI 61362:2012) Leitfaden zur Spezifikation der Regeleinr
7、ichtung von Wasserturbinen (IEC 61362:2012) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-05-25. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alter
8、ation. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
9、made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czec
10、h Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kin
11、gdom. BS EN 61362:2012EN 61362:2012 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 4/270/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61362, prepared by IEC/TC 4 “Hydraulic turbines“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 61362:2012. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which th
12、e document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2013-02-28 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2015-05-25 This document supersedes EN 61362:1998. EN 61362:2012
13、 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 61362:1998: This technical revision takes into account the experience with the guide during the last decade as well as the progress in the state of the art of the underlying technologies. Attention is drawn to the possibility t
14、hat some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61362:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard witho
15、ut any modification. BS EN 61362:2012- 3 - EN 61362:2012 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its appl
16、ication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. P
17、ublication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60050-351 2006 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 351: Control technology - - IEC 60068-2-6 2007 Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) EN 60068-2-6 2008 IEC 60068-2-27 2008 Environmental testing - Part 2-27:
18、 Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock EN 60068-2-27 2009 IEC 60308 2005 Hydraulic turbines - Testing of control systems EN 60308 2005 IEC 61000-4-1 2006 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-1: Testing and measurement techniques - Overview of IEC 61000-4 seriesEN 61000-4-1 2007 CISPR 11 (mod)
19、2009 Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement EN 55011 2009 ISO 3448 1992 Industrial liquid lubricants - ISO viscosity classification - - BS EN 61362:2012 2 61362 IEC:2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 No
20、rmative references 8 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 9 3.1 General terms and definitions 9 3.2 Terms and definitions related to control levels and control modes 9 3.3 Terms and definitions from control theory 9 3.4 Subscripts and prefixes . 10 3.5 Terms and definitions related to the plant a
21、nd the machines . 10 3.6 Terms and definitions relating to the governing system 11 4 Control structure . 18 4.1 General . 18 4.2 Main control functions 18 4.2.1 General . 18 4.2.2 Speed control 19 4.2.3 Power output control 19 4.2.4 Opening control . 19 4.2.5 Water level control . 19 4.2.6 Flow cont
22、rol . 20 4.3 Configurations of combined control systems 20 4.3.1 General . 20 4.3.2 Parallel structure 20 4.3.3 Series structures 21 4.3.4 Other configurations 22 4.4 Configurations of servo-positioners 23 4.5 Multiple control 23 4.5.1 General . 23 4.5.2 Parallel structure 24 4.5.3 Series structure
23、. 24 5 Performance and components of governing systems . 24 5.1 General . 24 5.2 Modeling and digital simulation 25 5.3 Characteristic parameters for PID-controllers . 26 5.3.1 General . 26 5.3.2 Permanent droop bp. 27 5.3.3 Proportional action coefficient Kp, integral action time TI, and derivative
24、 action time TD27 5.4 Other parameters of the governing systems . 28 5.4.1 Command signal adjustments for controlled variables (speed, power output, etc.) and load limiter . 28 5.4.2 Governor insensitivity ix/2 . 28 5.4.3 Parameters of servo-positioner 29 5.5 Functional relationship between servo-po
25、sitioners 30 5.5.1 Dual regulation of turbines with controllable guide vane and runner blade angles 30 BS EN 61362:201261362 IEC:2012 3 5.5.2 Dual control of turbines with needles and deflectors . 31 5.5.3 Multiple control 31 5.5.4 Other relationships . 31 5.6 Actual signal measurement 31 5.6.1 Gene
26、ral . 31 5.6.2 Rotational speed 32 5.6.3 Power output . 32 5.6.4 Water level 32 5.6.5 Actuator position (stroke) . 32 5.6.6 Signal transmission from electronic transmitters . 32 5.7 Manual control . 33 5.8 Linearization 33 5.9 Follow-up controls . 34 5.10 Optimization control . 34 5.11 Monitoring pa
27、rallel positioning of amplifiers 34 5.12 Provision of actuating energy . 34 5.12.1 General . 34 5.12.2 System with an accumulator . 35 5.12.3 Systems without accumulator . 38 5.12.4 Direct electric positioner 39 5.12.5 Recommendation for hydraulic fluid selection . 40 5.13 Power supply for electroni
28、c control systems . 40 5.14 Operational transitions . 40 5.14.1 Start-up and synchronization 40 5.14.2 Normal shutdown . 41 5.14.3 Sudden load rejection 41 5.14.4 Other operational transitions 42 5.15 Safety devices/circuits . 42 5.15.1 General . 42 5.15.2 Quick shutdown and emergency shutdown . 42
29、5.15.3 Overspeed protection device 43 5.15.4 Interlocks . 43 5.16 Supplementary equipment . 43 5.16.1 Measures to reduce pressure variations . 43 5.16.2 Surge control . 43 5.16.3 Equipment and measures to lower the speed rise . 44 5.16.4 Central flow rate control in river power station systems . 44
30、5.16.5 Brakes . 44 5.16.6 Synchronous condenser mode of operation 45 5.17 Environmental suitability of governor components 45 5.17.1 Vibration and shock resistance . 45 5.17.2 Temperature and humidity . 45 5.18 Electromagnetic compatibility . 45 6 How to apply the recommendations . 45 Annex A (norma
31、tive) Simplified differential equations and transfer functions of idealized PID-controllers 58 Annex B (informative) Grid frequency control 60 Annex C (informative) Quick shutdown and emergency shutdown . 63 BS EN 61362:2012 4 61362 IEC:2012 Figure 1 Controlled variable range 12 Figure 2 Permanent d
32、roop 12 Figure 3 Proportional action coefficient and integral action time 13 Figure 4 Derivative time constant . 14 Figure 5 Dead band 15 Figure 6 Minimum servomotor opening/closing time 16 Figure 7 Time constant of the servo-positioner . 16 Figure 8 Servo-positioner inaccuracy 17 Figure 9 Control s
33、ystem dead time . 17 Figure 10 Control system with speed and power output controllers in parallel 21 Figure 11 Control system with speed controller and power command signal in parallel 21 Figure 12 Control system with speed controller and water level controller in parallel . 21 Figure 13 Governing s
34、ystem with power output and speed controller in series 22 Figure 14 Governing system with water level controller and speed controller in series . 22 Figure 15 Power output control via the speed controller 22 Figure 16 Water level controller without speed controller 23 Figure 17 Parallel structure wi
35、th defined functional relation and an additional signal superimposition . 24 Figure 18 Series structure with defined functional relation and additional signal superimposition . 24 Figure 19 Time step response and frequency response of the amplifier output Y/Ymaxto a displacement input sv. 30 Figure
36、20 Pressure tank content and pressure ranges 35 Figure 21 Open-circuit system 39 Figure 22 Start-up speed curve up to synchronization . 41 Figure 23 Load rejection . 42 Figure A.1 Idealized PID in pure parallel structure. 59 Figure A.2 Idealized PID alternative representation . 59 Figure B.1 Example
37、 of principle schematic functional diagram of a unit with a turbine governing system using an idealized PID controller with a power droop 61 Figure B.2 Behaviour of two units with different governor permanent droop values 62 Table C.1 Alternative I Summary of cases for quick shut-down and emergency
38、shut-down . 65 Table C.2 Alternative II Summary of cases for quick shut-down and emergency shut-down . 66 BS EN 61362:201261362 IEC:2012 7 INTRODUCTION While a standard for the testing of hydraulic turbine governing systems had been existing for a very long time (IEC 60308 published in 1970)1, a gui
39、de for the specification of hydraulic turbine governing systems was missing until 1998. The need for such a guide became more and more urgent with the fast development and the new possibilities especially of the digital components of the governor. The current second edition of the guide takes into a
40、ccount the experience with the guide during the last decade as well as the progress in the state of the art of the underlying technologies. While the first edition was written more or less as a supplement to the already existing guide for testing, the objective of the second edition is to be the lea
41、ding guide with respect to turbine governing systems. _ 1IEC 60308:1970, International code for testing of speed governing systems for hydraulic turbines. This publication was withdrawn and replaced by IEC 60308:2005. BS EN 61362:2012 8 61362 IEC:2012 GUIDE TO SPECIFICATION OF HYDRAULIC TURBINE GOVE
42、RNING SYSTEMS 1 Scope This International Standard includes relevant technical data necessary to describe hydraulic turbine governing systems and to define their performance. It is aimed at unifying and thus facilitating the selection of relevant parameters in bidding specifications and technical bid
43、s. It will also serve as a basis for setting up technical guarantees. The scope of this standard is restricted to the turbine governing level. Additionally some remarks about the control loops of the plant level and about primary and secondary frequency control (see also Annex B) are made for better
44、 understanding without making a claim to be complete. Important topics covered by the guide are: speed, power, water level, opening and flow (discharge) control for reaction and impulse-type turbines including double regulated machines; means of providing actuating energy; safety devices for emergen
45、cy shutdown, etc. To facilitate the setting up of specifications, this guide also includes data sheets, which are to be filled out by the customer and the supplier in the various stages of the project and the contract. Acceptance tests, specific test procedures and guarantees are outside the scope o
46、f the guide; those topics are covered by IEC 60308. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edi
47、tion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-351:2006, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 351: Control technology IEC 60068-2-6:2007, Environmental testing Part 2-6: Tests Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Environmental testing Part 2-2
48、7: Tests Test Ea and guidance: Shock IEC 60308:2005, Hydraulic turbines Testing of control systems IEC 61000-4-1:2006, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-1: Testing and measurement techniques Overview of IEC 61000-4 series CISPR 11:2009, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment Radio-fre
49、quency disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement ISO 3448:1992, Industrial liquid lubricants ISO viscosity classification BS EN 61362:201261362 IEC:2012 9 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE This guide uses as far as possible the terms and definitions of IEC 60050-351. For clarification, the simplified differential equation
