1、BSI Standards PublicationWind TurbinesPart 27-1: Electrical simulation models Wind turbinesBS EN 61400-27-1:2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61400-27-1:2015.It is identical to IEC 61400-27-1:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Techni
2、calCommittee PEL/88, Wind turbines, to Panel PEL/88/-/6, Simulation modelsfor wind power generation.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are respo
3、nsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 78015 8ICS 27.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards P
4、olicy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61400-27-1:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61400-27-1 October 2015 ICS 27.180 English Version Wind turbines - Part 27-1: Electrical simulatio
5、n models - Wind turbines (IEC 61400-27-1:2015) Eoliennes - Partie 27-1: Modles de simulation lectrique - Eoliennes (IEC 61400-27-1:2015) Windenergieanlagen - Teil 27-1: Elektrische Simulationsmodelle - Windenergieanlagen (IEC 61400-27-1:2015) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-03
6、-20. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obta
7、ined on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified t
8、o the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece
9、, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrot
10、echnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 61400-27-1:2015 E BS EN 61400-27-1:2015EN 61400-27-1:201
11、5 2 European foreword The text of document 88/510/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61400-27-1, prepared by IEC TC 88 “Wind turbines“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 61400-27-1:2015. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be i
12、mplemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2016-04-16 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2018-03-20 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this doc
13、ument may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-27-1:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the off
14、icial version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: IEC 61400-25 (Series) NOTE Harmonised as EN 61400-25 (Series). BS EN 61400-27-1:2015EN 61400-27-1:2015 3 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding Eu
15、ropean publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendmen
16、ts) applies. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu. Publication Year Tit
17、le EN/HD Year IEC 60050 series International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - series IEC 61400-21 - Wind turbines - Part 21: Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines EN 61400-21 - BS EN 61400-27-1:2015 2 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD .
18、 7 INTRODUCTION . 9 1 Scope 12 2 Normative references 12 3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and subscripts 12 3.1 Terms and definitions 12 3.2 Abbreviations and subscripts 17 3.2.1 Abbreviations . 17 3.2.2 Subscripts . 18 4 Symbols and units . 19 4.1 General . 19 4.2 Symbols (units) . 19 5 Specific
19、ation of models 21 5.1 Overview. 21 5.2 General specifications . 21 5.3 Model interface . 23 5.4 Parameters and initialisation . 24 5.4.1 General . 24 5.4.2 Parameter categories 24 5.4.3 Global parameters . 24 5.4.4 Initialisation . 24 5.5 Modular structure of models 25 5.5.1 Generic modular structu
20、re . 25 5.5.2 Type 1 . 26 5.5.3 Type 2 . 28 5.5.4 Type 3 . 30 5.5.5 Type 4 . 33 5.6 Module library . 37 5.6.1 Aerodynamic models . 37 5.6.2 Mechanical models 38 5.6.3 Generator set models 39 5.6.4 Electrical equipment 44 5.6.5 Control models 44 5.6.6 Grid protection model 55 6 Specification of valid
21、ation procedure . 57 6.1 Overview. 57 6.2 General specifications . 58 6.3 Validation procedure . 59 6.3.1 Voltage dips 59 6.3.2 Reference point changes . 64 6.3.3 Grid protection . 64 Annex A (informative) Validation test documentation 66 A.1 General . 66 A.2 Simulation model and validation setup in
22、formation 66 A.3 Template for validation test results . 66 BS EN 61400-27-1:2015IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 3 A.3.1 General . 66 A.3.2 Voltage dips 67 A.3.3 Reference point changes . 67 A.3.4 Grid protection . 68 Annex B (normative) Limits to possible model accuracy . 69 B.1 General . 69 B.2 Inevit
23、able simulation errors . 69 B.3 Measurement errors 69 Annex C (normative) Digital 2ndorder critically damped low pass filter . 71 Annex D (informative) Simplified plant level model . 72 D.1 General . 72 D.2 Area of application 72 D.3 Voltage and reactive power controller model description . 72 D.4 F
24、requency and active power controller model description 74 Annex E (informative) Two-dimensional aerodynamic model 76 E.1 Objective 76 E.2 Model approach 76 E.3 Model parameter fits . 77 E.4 Use cases . 80 E.4.1 General . 80 E.4.2 Stability study use cases . 80 E.4.3 Validation use cases 80 E.5 Model
25、 initialisation at derated conditions . 80 Annex F (informative) Generic Software Interface for use of models in different software environments 81 F.1 Description of the approach 81 F.2 Description of the Software interface 82 F.2.1 Description of data structures 82 F.2.2 Functions for communicatio
26、n through the ESE-interface 83 F.2.3 Inputs, Outputs, Parameters 85 Annex G (normative) Block symbol library 86 G.1 General . 86 G.2 Time step delay 86 G.3 Stand-alone ramp rate limiter 86 G.4 First order filter with absolute limits, rate limits and freeze flag . 87 G.5 Lookup table . 88 G.6 Compara
27、tor . 88 G.7 Timer 88 G.8 Anti windup integrator . 89 G.9 Integrator with reset 90 G.10 First order filter with limitation detection 90 G.11 Delay flag . 91 G.12 Raising edge detection . 91 Bibliography 93 Figure 1 Classification of power system stability according to IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on
28、Stability Terms and Definitions . 9 Figure 2 Example of step response. . 15 BS EN 61400-27-1:2015 4 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 Figure 3 General interface between WT model, grid model and WP model . 23 Figure 4 General interface for initialisation of WT model, WP model and grid model. . 25 Figure 5
29、 Generic modular structure of WT models 26 Figure 6 Main electrical and mechanical components of type 1 WTs 26 Figure 7 Modular structure for the type 1A WT model. 27 Figure 8 Modular structure for the type 1B WT model. 28 Figure 9 Main electrical and mechanical components of type 2 WTs 29 Figure 10
30、 Modular structure for the type 2 WT model . 29 Figure 11 Modular structure for the type 2 control model 30 Figure 12 Main electrical and mechanical components of type 3 WTs 31 Figure 13 Modular structure for the type 3 WT model . 31 Figure 14 Modular structure for the type 3 control models 32 Figur
31、e 15 Main electrical and mechanical components of type 4 WTs 33 Figure 16 Modular structure for the type 4A WT model . 34 Figure 17 Modular structure for the type 4A control model . 34 Figure 18 Modular structure for the type 4B WT model . 35 Figure 19 Modular structure for the type 4B control model
32、 . 36 Figure 20 Block diagram for constant aerodynamic torque model . 37 Figure 21 Block diagram for one-dimensional aerodynamic model . 37 Figure 22 Block diagram for two-dimensional aerodynamic model 38 Figure 23 Block diagram for two mass model . 39 Figure 24 Block diagram for type 3A generator s
33、et model 40 Figure 25 Block diagram for type 3B generator set model 42 Figure 26 Block diagram for type 4 generator set model . 43 Figure 27 Block diagram for the reference frame rotation model. 44 Figure 28 Block diagram for pitch control power model 45 Figure 29 Block diagram for pitch angle contr
34、ol model . 46 Figure 30 Block diagram for rotor resistance control model 47 Figure 31 Block diagram for type 3 P control model . 48 Figure 32 Block diagram for type 3 torque PI . 49 Figure 33 Block diagram for type 4A P control model . 49 Figure 34 Block diagram for type 4B P control model . 50 Figu
35、re 35 Block diagram for Q control model 52 Figure 36 Block diagram for current limiter . 54 Figure 37 Block diagram for constant Q limitation model 54 Figure 38 Block diagram for QP and QU limitation model . 55 Figure 39 Block diagram for grid protection system 56 Figure 40 Block diagram for u-f mea
36、surement 57 Figure 41 Signal processing structure with “play-back“ method applied. . 60 Figure 42 Signal processing structure with “full grid simulation“ method applied. . 61 Figure 43 Voltage dip windows. 63 Figure D.1 Block diagram for WP reactive power controllers 74 Figure D.2 Block diagram for
37、WP active power controller . 75 BS EN 61400-27-1:2015IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 5 Figure E.1 Aerodynamic power as function of blade angle and wind speed v . 77 Figure E.2 Partial derivative of power with respect to rotor speed change paero/WTRas function of blade angle and wind speed v 77 Figure E
38、.3 Partial derivative of power with respect to blade angle dpas function of blade angle . 78 Figure E.4 Partial derivative of power with respect to rotor speed change dpas function of wind speed v for 1 p.u. (solid line) and 0,5 p.u. (dashed line) active power 78 Figure E.5 Approximation of aerodyna
39、mic power as function of wind speed . 79 Figure E.6 Approximation of the blade angle as function of wind speed . 79 Figure F.1 Sequence of Simulation on use of ESE-interface 85 Figure G.1 Block symbol for single integration time step delay . 86 Figure G.2 Block symbol for stand-alone ramp rate limit
40、er . 86 Figure G.3 Block diagram for implementation of the stand-alone ramp rate limiter . 87 Figure G.4 Block symbol for first order filter with absolute limits, rate limits and freeze flag 87 Figure G.5 Block diagram for implementation of the first order filter with absolute limits, rate limits an
41、d freeze state 87 Figure G.6 Block diagram for implementation of the freeze state without filter (T = 0) . 88 Figure G.7 Block symbol for lookup table . 88 Figure G.8 Block symbols for comparators . 88 Figure G.9 Block symbol for timer 89 Figure G.10 Function of timer 89 Figure G.11 Block symbol for
42、 anti windup integrator 89 Figure G.12 Block diagram for implementation of anti windup integrator 90 Figure G.13 Block symbol for integrator with reset . 90 Figure G.14 Block symbol for first order filter with limitation detection 90 Figure G.15 Block diagram for implementation of first order filter
43、 with limitation detection . 91 Figure G.16 Block symbol for delay flag . 91 Figure G.17 Block diagram for implementation of delay flag . 91 Figure G.18 Block symbol raising edge detection . 92 Figure G.19 Block diagram for raising edge detection 92 Table 1 Global WT model parameters 24 Table 2 Init
44、ialisation variable used explicitly in model block diagrams 25 Table 3 Modules used in type 1A model . 27 Table 4 Modules used in type 1B model . 28 Table 5 Modules used in type 2 model . 30 Table 6 Modules used in type 3 model . 32 Table 7 Modules used in type 4A model . 35 Table 8 Modules used in
45、type 4B model . 36 Table 9 Parameter list for one-dimensional aerodynamic model . 37 Table 10 Parameter list for two-dimensional aerodynamic model . 37 Table 11 Parameter list for two-mass model. 39 Table 12 Parameter list for type 3A generator set model 40 BS EN 61400-27-1:2015 6 IEC 61400-27-1:201
46、5 IEC 2015 Table 13 Parameter list for type 3B generator set model 41 Table 14 Parameter list for type 4 generator set model 43 Table 15 Parameter list for reference frame rotation model 43 Table 16 Parameter list for pitch control power model 44 Table 17 Parameter list for pitch angle control model
47、 . 45 Table 18 Parameter list for rotor resistance control model 46 Table 19 Parameter list for p control model type 3 . 47 Table 20 Parameter list for p control model type 4A . 49 Table 21 Parameter list for p control model type 4B . 50 Table 22 General WT Q control modes MqG50 Table 23 UVRT Q cont
48、rol modes MqUVRT. 51 Table 24 Parameter list for q control model 51 Table 25 Description of FUVRTflag values 53 Table 26 Parameter list for current limiter model 53 Table 27 Parameter list for constant Q limitation model 54 Table 28 Parameter list for QP and QU limitation model . 55 Table 29 Paramet
49、er list for grid protection model . 56 Table 30 Windows applied for error calculations 63 Table A.1 Required information about simulation model and validation setup . 66 Table A.2 Additional information required if full grid method is applied . 66 Table A.3 Validation summary for voltage dips . 67 Table A.4 Validation
