1、STD-BSI BS EN bLSbb-ENGL 3998 Lb24669 0733779 963 BRITISH STANDARD Measurement of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields - Field strength in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 GHz BS EN 61566 : 1998 IEC 61566 : 1997 The European Standard EN 61566 : 1997 has the status of a British Stanard
2、ICs 33.100 STD.BS1 BS EN b35bb-ENGL 1778 Lb24bb 0733780 683 BS EN 61666 : 1998 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 61566 : 1997. It is identical with IEC 61566 : 1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPU103, Trans
3、mitting equipment for radiocommunication, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the text; - present to the responsible intematiouropean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; - monitor relaed international
4、and European developments and promulgatc them in the LJK A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secrern. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publications have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1
5、. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references Attention is dram to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists nonnative references to international publ
6、ications with their corresponding European publications. The British Sa,ndards which implement thfisr international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled Jntemaional Standards Correspondence Index, or using the Fnd facility of the BSI Standar
7、ds Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a fmnt cover, an inside front cover, the EN titie page, pages 2 to 27 and a back cover. This British Standard, having been prepared under th
8、e direction of the Electrotechnicai Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 16 June 1998 O ES1 1998 ISBN O 180 28427 1 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. _ - STDUBS1 BS EN 61566-ENGL 1998 1624669 0713781 51T EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61566
9、 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM July 1997 ICs 33.100 Descriptors: Radiocommunications, radio equipment, transmitters. measurements, electromagnetic fields, field strength, safety, exposure, accident prevention, work safety, measuring instruments, verification. hazards English version Measurement of
10、 exposure to radio-f requency electromagnetic fields Field strength in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 GHz (IEC 61 566: 1 997) Mesure de lexposition aux champs lectromagntiques radiofrquence Intensit du champ dans la gamme de frquences entre 1 O0 kHz et 1 GHz (CE1 61 566: 1 997) Messung der Belastu
11、ng durch hochfrequent e el e ktr omag net ische Felder - Feldstrke im Frequenzbereich 100 kHz bis 1 GHz (IEC 61 566: 1997) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1997-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for gi
12、ving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official
13、 versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committe
14、es of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland. Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal. Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnicai Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Eiectrotechnique Europi
15、sches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, 6 - 1050 Brussels 1997 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61 566: 1997 E STD-BSI BS EN 63566-ENGL 1998 1624669 0733782 456 Page 2 EN
16、61666 : 1997 Foreword The text of document 103/1/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61 566, prepared by IEC TC 103, Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61 566 on 1997-07-01. The following dates were fixed: - lates
17、t date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dopl 1998-04-01 - latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (daw) 1998-04-01 Annexes designated “normative“ are part of th
18、e body of the standard. An ne xes de sign at ed “ i n f orm at i ve “ ar e given for inform at ion on I y. In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annexes A and B are informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61566:1997 was app
19、roved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. STD=BSI BS EN b15bb-ENGL 1998 m Lb24bbS 0723783 392 m Page 3 EN 61566 : 1997 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 4 Clause 1 Scope . 2 Normative reference . 3 Definitions 4 General technical requirements 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Ge
20、neral considerations Measurements in exposure space Electromagnetic field strength interference patterns . Radiation leakage Reactive near-field Radiating near-field . Summary of measurement problems Safety precautions . 5 Measuring instrument requirements 5.1 General . 5.2 Electrical performance re
21、quirements 5.3 Miscellaneous requirements 5.4 Physical characteristics . 5.5 Instrument types 5.6 Diode instruments . . 5.7 Bolometric type 5.8 Thermocouple type 5.9 Spurious responses . 5.10 Calibration of instruments 6 Measurement . 6.1 Preliminary procedures 6.2 Measurement procedures Tables 1 to
22、 4 . figure 1 . Basic components of an electromagnetic field instrument Annexes A 6 Bibliography ZA Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications Summary of the main restrictions given in the INIRC guidelines of 1988 that are relevant to the freque
23、ncy range covered by this International Standard . 5 5 5 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 IO 10 10 10 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 16 16 16 21 19 23 24 26 27 O BSI 1998 STD-ESI BS EN bL5bb-ENGL 1998 1b24bb9 0713784 229 Page 4 EN 61666 : 1997 INTRODUCTION Recent publications by national and international authorities respo
24、nsible for developing safety limits on exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields show a consensus towards making specific energy absorption rate (SAR) and induced current in the human body the basic limits. Since instruments are not yet available to measure SAR directly, and because SAR and
25、circulating current will vary from person to person, depending on their height and weight, recent standards specify derived secondary levels for field strength, and/or equivalent plane-wave power flux density, for worst case conditions of electrical coupling and body size and weight. However, in som
26、e situations, where a wide spatial variation of field strength is present, for example, when climbing an antenna tower or mast, it may be more appropriate to measure the contact current through the hands or feet. Measurements of contact current are not covered by this International Standard. STD-BSI
27、 BS EN bL5bb-ENGL 1998 1624669 0713785 Lb5 Page 5 EN 61566 : 1997 MEASUREMENT OF EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS - Field strength in the frequency range 100 kHr to 1 GHr 1 Scope This International Standard applies to measurements of electromagnetic fields from operational transmitt
28、ing equipment to ensure that the transmissions do not constitute a potential hazard to workers or to the general public. The purpose of this standard is to promote a common understanding of technical requirements and precautions necessary for the accurate measurement of electromagnetic fields carrie
29、d out in conjunction with relevant national exposure regulations. This standard covers transmissions in the frequency range 1 O0 kHz to 1 GHz. NOTE - Possible extension of this frequency range up to 2 GHz or 3 GHz will be investigated. This International Standard does not specify limiting values for
30、 exposure as these are usually given in exposure standards issued by responsible health authorities. This standard is, therefore, intended to be used in conjunction with the relevant national standards or regulations applicable in the country concerned. in the absence of any national rules restricti
31、ng exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, the recommendations of the International Non- Ionizing Radiation Committee (INIRC) may be followed. The 1988 INIRC recommendations on exposure limits are summarized in annex A. 2 Normative reference The following normative document contains provi
32、sions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigat
33、e the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 6021 5: 1987, Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment 3 Definitions For the purpose of this Internat
34、ional Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 dipole, elementary: Dipole of short length compared to wavelength. A mathematical concept, widely used in theoretical antenna analysis, based on a short element of wire compared to the wavelength carrying an oscillatory current. 3.2 exposure: Occu
35、rs where a person is subjected to electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields or to contact currents other than those originating from physiological processes in the body and other natural phenomena. STD-BSI BS EN bL5bb-ENGL 1998 = lb24bb9 0733786 OTL Page 6 EN 61566 : 1997 3.3 exposure, partial -
36、 body: Occurs where RF fields are substantially non-uniform over the body. Fields which are non-uniform over volumes comparable to the human body may occur due to highly directional sources, standing waves, re-radiating sources, RF hot-spots, or in the near-field. 3.4 exposure standard: Regulations,
37、 recommendations or a standard dealing with limits of permissible exposure, published by a responsible authority. 3.5 far-field region: That region of the field of an antenna where the angular field distribution is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna. In this region, the field h
38、as predominately a plane-wave character, .e. with locally uniform distributions of electric field strength and of magnetic field strength in planes transverse to the direction of propagation. NOTES 1 If the antenna has a maximum overall dimension D which is large compared to the wavelength, the far-
39、field region is commonly taken to exist at distances greater than 202A from the antenna, X being the wavelength. This is the Rayleigh distance corresponding to a path difference of Ul6. 2 The far-field region is sometlmes referred to as the Fraunhofer region. 3.6 near-field region: That region gener
40、ally in proximity to an antenna, or other radiating structure, where the angular field distribution is dependent upon the distance from the antenna. In this region, the electric and magnetic fields do not have a plane-wave character. The near-field region is further subdivided into the reactive near
41、-field region, which is closest to the radiating structure and which contains most or nearly all of the stored energy, and the radiating near-field region where the radiation field predominates over the reactive field but lacks substantial plane-wave character and is complicated in structure. NOTES
42、1 For most antennas, the outer boundary of the reactive near-field region is commonly taken to exist at a distance of one-half wavelength from the antenna surface. 2 The radiating near-field region is sometimes referred to as the Fresnel region. 3.7 non-ionizing ridiation: Any electromagnetic radiat
43、ion incapable of dissociating electrons from atoms or molecules to produce ions or ionized molecules directly or indirectly. RF waves are non-ionizing radiations. 3.8 polarization (radiated wave): That property of a radiated electromagnetic wave describing the time varying direction and amplitude of
44、 the electric field vector; specifically the figure traced as a function of time by the extremity of the vector at a fixed location in space, as observed along the direction of propagation. NOTE - In general, this figure is elliptical, traced in a clockwise or counterclockwise sense. The commonly re
45、ferenced circular and linear polarizations are obtained when the ellipse becomes a circle or a straight line, respectively. For an observer looking in the direction of propagation, clockwise sense rotation of the electric vector is designated right-hand polarization and counterclockwise sense rotaii
46、on is designated left-hand polarkation. 3.9 power flux denrity: In radio wave propagation, the power crossing unit area perpendicular to the direction of propagation (unit: W/m2). For plane waves, power flux density S, r.m.s. electric field strength E and r.m.s. magnetic field strength Hare related
47、by the impedance of free-space, .e. 377 a. S = PI377 = 377 $ STDmBSI BS EN bL5bb-ENGL 1998 Lb24669 0733787 T3B Page 7 EN 61566 : 1997 3.10 equivalent plane-wave power flux density: A commonly used term associated with any electromagnetic wave, equal in magnitude to the power flux density of a plane
48、wave having the same electric or magnetic H field strength. NOTE - In the near-field and in the far-field with standing waves caused by reflective environment, the calculations of equivalent power flux density derived from E or H are often very different from the true power density. 3.11 reradiated
49、field: An electromagnetic field resulting from currents induced in a secondary predominantly conducting object by electromagnetic waves incident on that object from one or more primary radiating structures or antennas. (Re-radiated fields are sometimes called “reflected“ or more correctly “scattered“ fields.) 3.12 response time: Time required for a field-measuring instrument to reach 90 % of the true value after being placed in the field to be measured. 3.13 specific absorption rate (SAR): SAR is the power absorbed per kilogram of body weight (W/kg). For
