1、BSI Standards PublicationRadiation protection instrumentation Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)BS EN 61577-4:2014BS EN 61577-4:2014National forewordThis British S
2、tandard is the UK implementation of EN 61577-4:2014. It is derived from IEC 61577-4:2009. It supersedes BS IEC 61577-4:2009, which is withdrawn.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 61577-4 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the devel-opment of thi
3、s European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a European Standard.This was due to the fact that the instruction in subclause 7.1, to measure nuclear disintegration on the filter by an alpha and a gamma spectrometer simultaneously, was considered to be too prescriptive. It is th
4、e opinion of the UK committee that alpha spectrometry of a suitable standard is ad-equate on its own, and that filter samples could be counted using alpha, beta, or gamma spectrometry, either individually or in any combination deemed appropriate by the measurement laboratory.The CENELEC common modif
5、ications have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text. The start and finish of each common modification is indicated in the text by tags . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations r
6、epresented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978
7、0 580 83102 7ICS 13.280Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2009.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 January 2
8、015 This corrigendum renumbers BS IEC 61577-4:2009 as BS EN 61577-4:2014BRITISH STANDARDEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61577-4 December 2014 ICS 13.280 English Version Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments - Part 4: Equipment
9、 for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR) (IEC 61577-4:2009 , modified) Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Instruments de mesure du radon et des descendants du radon - Partie 4: Dispositif pour la ralisation datmosphres de rfrence c
10、ontenant des isotopes du radon et leurs descendants (STAR) (CEI 61577-4:2009 , modifie) Strahlenschutz-Messgerte - Gerte fr die Messung von Radon und Radon-Folgeprodukten - Teil 4: Einrichtungen fr die Herstellung von Referenzatmosphren mit Radonisotopen und ihren Folgeprodukten (STAR) (IEC 61577-4:
11、2009 , modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-11-17. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists
12、and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation unde
13、r the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Est
14、onia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee
15、 for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC
16、Members. Ref. No. EN 61577-4:2014 E 2 Foreword This document (EN 61577-4:2014) consists of the text of IEC 61577-4:2009 prepared by IEC/SC 45B “Radiation protection instrumentation“ of IEC/TC 45 “Nuclear instrumentation“, together with the common modifications prepared by CLC/TC 45B “Radiation prote
17、ction instrumentation“. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-11-17 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be
18、withdrawn (dow) 2017-11-17 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard I
19、EC 61577-4:2009 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard with agreed common modifications. BS EN 61577-4:2014 EN 61577-4:2014 (E) 3 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in par
20、t, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been
21、modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60050-111 1996 International Electrotechnical
22、 Vocabulary - Chapter 111: Physics and chemistry - - IEC 60050-393 2003 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 393: Nuclear instrumentation - Physical phenomena and basic concepts - - IEC 60050-394 2007 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation - Instrum
23、ents, systems, equipment and detectors - - IEC 61577 series Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments EN 61577 series ISO/IEC 17025 - General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories EN ISO/IEC 17025 - ISO/IEC Guide 99 2
24、007 International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) - - ICRP 32 - Annals of the ICRP, Publication N 32, Limits for inhalation of Radon Daughters by Workers, Vol. 6, N1, 1981, Pergamon Press - - ICRP 38 - Annals of the ICRP, Publication N 38, Radionuclide
25、 transformations, Energy and Intensity of Emissions, Vol. 11 13, 1983, Pergamon Press - - ICRP 65 - Annals of the ICRP, Publication N 65, ICRP Publication 65: Protection against Radon-222 at Home and at Work, Vol. 23/2, 1994, Pergamon Press - - BS EN 61577-4:2014 EN 61577-4:2014 (E) 4 CONTENTSFOREWO
26、RD.4INTRODUCTION.61Scope and object72Normative references.73Terms, definitions and units83.1General terms and definitions83.2Specific terms and definitions93.3Units and conversion factors.124General description of a Systemfor Test Atmospheres withRadon(STAR)134.1General.134.2Mode of operation ofa ST
27、AR144.2.1Static mode of operation144.2.2Dynamic mode of operation.145Characteristics of a STAR155.1General.155.2STAR for radon.165.2.1General.165.2.2Technical characteristics of STARcontainers165.2.3Radon sources165.2.4 222Rn and 220 Rn analysis and control.175.2.5Analysis and control of climaticpar
28、ameters.185.3STAR for radon and RnDP185.3.1General.185.3.2Technical characteristics of STARcontainers185.3.3RnDP sources.185.3.4RnDP analysis and control.195.3.5Sampling flow rate of equipmentunder test.195.3.6Analysis and control of climaticparameters.206Requirements for the reference atmosphere pr
29、ovided by STAR206.1General.206.2Reference conditions.206.3Influence quantities.216.3.1General.216.3.2Temperature226.3.3Relative humidity.226.3.4Atmospheric pressure226.3.5Ambient gamma field.236.3.6Working range for exposure to RnDP.236.3.7Working range for aerosols236.3.8Exposure timefor theinstrum
30、ent undertest.237Calibration and traceability ofmeasurement methods and instrumentsused in aSTAR.237.1Traceability chains237.2Quality assurance.24AnnexA (informative) Characteristics of atmospheres that can be simulated in a STAR25BS EN 61577-4:2014 IEC 61577-4:2009 5 Bibliography27Figure 1 Componen
31、ts of a STAR:general case13Figure 2 Minimumrequirements for a STAR. 14Figure 3 Dynamicmode of operation ofa STAR.15Table 1 Reference andstandardtest conditions.21Table2Tests with var iation ofthe influence quantities 21Table A.1 Atmosphere characteristic ranges (typical values)26BS EN 61577-4:2014 I
32、EC 61577-4:2009 6 INTRODUCTION Radon is a radioactive gas produced by the decay of 226 Ra, 223 Ra and 224Ra, respectivelydecay products of 238 U, 235U and 232 Th which are present in the earths crust. By decay,radon isotopes (i.e. 222 Rn, 219 Rn, 220 Rn)produce threedecay ch ains, eachending in a st
33、able lead isotope.NOTE In normal conditions, due to the very short half-life of 219Rn, its activity and the activity of its RnDP1 areconsidered negligible compared to the activity of the two other series. Its health effects are therefore not important.Thus in this standard 219 Rn and its decay produ
34、cts are not considered.Radon isotopes and their corresponding short-lived Rado n DecayProducts (RnDP) (i.e.218Po, 214 Pb, 214 Bi, 214 Po for 222 Rn, and 216 Po, 212 Pb, 212 Bi, 212Po, 208 Tl for 220 Rn) are ofconsiderable importance, as the y constitute the major part of the radiological exposure to
35、 naturalradioactivityfor the general publicand workers. In some workplaces, for instance inunderground mines, spas and waterworks, the workers are exposed to verysignificant levelsof RnDP. These radionuclidesare present in variable quantities in the air, in a gaseous formforthe radon isotopes, and a
36、s veryfine particlesfor the decay products. It is worthwhile forhealth physicists to be able to measure with a great accuracy the level of this kind of naturalradioactivity in the atmosphere. Because the veryparticular behaviour of these radioactiveelements in the atmosphere and in the corresponding
37、 measuring instruments, it isnecessaryto formalize the waysuch instruments could be tested.Remark: In orderto facilitate itsuse, the IEC 61577 seriesis divided into the followingdifferent parts:IEC 61577-1: This emphasizes the terminology and units of the specif ic field of radon andradon decay prod
38、ucts (RnDP) measurement techniques and presents briefly the concept ofSystem for Test Atmospheres with Radon (STAR) used for test and calibration of radon and RnDP measuring devices. IEC 61577-2: This part isdedicated to the testsof 222Rn and 220 Rn measuring instruments.IEC 61577-3: This part is de
39、dicated to the testsof RnDP222 and RnDP220 measuring instruments.IEC 61577-4: Detailshow a STAR is constructed and how itcan be used for testing. 1 RnDP is the acronym of Radon Decay Products and it is equivalent to Radon Progeny (see 1 in theBibliography).BS EN 61577-4:2014 IEC 61577-4:2009 7 RADIA
40、TION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION RADON AND RADON DECAY P RODUCTMEASURING INSTRUMENTS Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay p roducts (STAR)1 Scope and objectThe IEC61577 series coversthe general features concerning test and calibration
41、 of radonand radon decay products measuring instruments. It is also intended to help define type tests,which have to be conducted in order to qualify these instruments. These type tests aredescribedinIEC 61577-2 and IEC 61577-3. This standard addresses onlythe instrumentsandassociated methods for me
42、asuring isotopes 220and 222 of radon and their subsequentshort-lived decayproducts in gases.IEC 61577-4 concernsthe System for Test Atmosphereswith Radon (STAR) needed fortesting, in a reference atmosphere, the instruments measuring radon and RnDP. The clausesthat follow doneither claim to solveall
43、the problems involvedinthe production of equipmentfor setting up reference atmospheres for radon and its decay products, nor to describe all themethods fordoing so. They do however setout to be a guideenabling those faced with suchproblems to choose the best methods foradoption in full knowledge of
44、the facts.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for theapplication of this document.For dated references, only theedition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editionof the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.IEC 60050-111:1996, Int
45、ernational ElectrotechnicalVocabulary (IEV) Chapter 111: Physicsand chemistryIEC 60050-393:2003, International ElectrotechnicalVocabulary(IEV) Part 393: Nuclearinstrumentation Physical phenomena and basic conceptsIEC 60050-394:2007, International ElectrotechnicalVocabulary(IEV) Part 394: Nuclearinst
46、rumentation Instruments, systems, equipmentand detectors ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, International vocabulary of metrology Basic and general conceptsand associated terms (VIM)ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratoriesICRP 32: Annalsof the ICRP, Publicat
47、ion N 32, Limits for inhalation of Radon Daughters byWorkers, Vol. 6, N1, 1981, Pergamon PressICRP 38: Annals of the ICRP, Publication N 38, Radionuclides transformations, Energy andIntensity of Emissions, Vol.11- 13, 1983, Pergamon Press IEC 61577 (all parts), Radiation protection instrumentation -
48、 Radon and radon decay product measuring instrumentsBS EN 61577-4:2014 IEC 61577-4:2009 8 ICRP 65: Annals of the ICRP, Publication N 65, ICRP Publication65: Protection Against Radon-222 atHome and atWork, Vol. 23/2, 1994, Pergamon Press3 Terms, definitions and units For the purposes of this document
49、, thefollowing terms, definitions and units apply.Throughout the whole standard, the term RADON is used to denote all the radon isotopes,which are covered by this standard. When a particular isotope is to be referred to, it will be indicated byits chemical symbol preceded by its mass number (e.g. 220Rn, 222Rn). For historical reasons, 220 Rn is also called thoron.The termRADON DECAY PRODUCTS or its abbreviation (RnDP) denotes the whole set ofshort-lived decay products, which are concerned bythi
