1、Fibre optic sensorsPart 1-1: Strain measurement Strain sensors based on fibre Bragg gratingsBS EN 61757-1-1:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61757-1-1:2017. It isidentical to IEC
2、 61757-1-1:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommittee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/3, Fibre optic systems and active devices.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does no
3、t purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 83955 9ICS 33.180.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obli
4、gations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61757-1-1:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61757-1-1 Februar
5、y 2017 ICS 33.180.99 English Version Fibre optic sensors - Part 1-1: Strain measurement - Strain sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings (IEC 61757-1-1:2016) Capteurs fibres optiques - Partie 1-1: Mesure de dformation - Capteurs de dformation bass sur des rseaux de Bragg fibres (IEC 61757-1-1:2016) LW
6、L-Sensoren - Teil 1-1: Zugmessungen - Zugsensoren basierend auf Faser-Bragg-Gatter (IEC 61757-1-1:2016) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2016-03-31. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
7、Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions
8、 (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committ
9、ees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slova
10、kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN
11、ELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 61757-1-1:2017 E BS EN 61757-1-1:2017EN 61757-1-1:2017 2 European foreword The text of document 86C/1322/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 61757-1-1, prepared by SC 86C “Fibre optic systems an
12、d active devices“ of IEC/TC 86 “Fibre optics“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 61757-1-1:2017. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by e
13、ndorsement (dop) 2017-08-17 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2020-02-17 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held respo
14、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This publication is to be read in conjunction with EN 61757-1:2012. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61757-1-1:2016 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for
15、 Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60793-1-30 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60793-1-30. IEC 60793-1-31 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60793-1-31. IEC 60793-1-33 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60793-1-33. ISO 527-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 527-4. ISO 7500-1 NOTE Harmonized as
16、 EN ISO 7500-1. ISO 14125 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 14125. BS EN 61757-1-1:2017EN 61757-1-1:2017 3 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this d
17、ocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indic
18、ated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60050 series International Electrotechnical Vocabulary_- Part_102: Mathematics_- Gen
19、eral concepts and linear algebra - series IEC 60068-2 series Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests EN 60068-2 series IEC 60793-2 - Optical fibres - Part 2: Product specifications - General EN 60793-2 - IEC 60874-1 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Connectors for optical
20、fibres and cables - Part 1: Generic specification EN 60874-1 - IEC 61300-2 series Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures - Part 2-1: Tests - Vibration (sinusoidal) - series IEC 61757-1 2012 Fibre optic sensors - Part 1: Generic specificatio
21、n EN 61757-1 2012 IEC 62129-1 - Calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments - Part 1: Optical spectrum analyzers EN 62129-1 - IEC 62129-2 - Calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments - Part 2: Michelson interferometer single wavelength meters EN 62129
22、-2 - IEC/TR 61931 - Fibre optic - Terminology - - IEC/TS 62129-3 - Calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments - Part 3: Optical frequency meters using optical frequency combs - - ISO/IEC Guide 99 - International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associ
23、ated terms (VIM) - - BS EN 61757-1-1:2017 2 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references. 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Symbols 13 5 Structure and characteristics 14 5.1 Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) . 14 5.2 FBG strain sensor configuration. 18 5.3
24、Measuring point and installation 18 5.4 Gauge length 19 5.5 Strain and reference strain 19 5.6 Reference wavelength . 19 5.7 Stability behaviour . 20 5.7.1 Drift and creep . 20 5.7.2 Shape stability of the Bragg grating peak 20 5.7.3 Hysteresis 20 5.8 Test specimen . 20 5.9 Indication of the measure
25、d values . 21 5.10 Zero point related measurement 21 5.11 Non-zero point related measurement . 21 5.12 Production set . 21 5.13 FBG strain sensor standard type . 21 5.14 FBG strain sensor series . 21 6 Features and characteristics to be reported 21 6.1 Construction details and geometrical dimensions
26、 . 21 6.2 Configuration of the FBG strain sensor 22 6.3 Temperature and humidity range . 22 6.4 Connecting requirement 22 7 Features and characteristics to be measured . 22 7.1 Sampling and statistical evaluation 22 7.1.1 Sampling . 22 7.1.2 Random sampling 22 7.1.3 Type testing . 22 7.1.4 Series te
27、sting . 22 7.1.5 Individual sample testing 23 7.1.6 Reporting the measuring result . 23 7.1.7 Sample conditioning . 23 7.1.8 Ambient test conditions 23 7.1.9 Required type of test for individual characteristics 23 7.2 Bragg wavelength B24 7.2.1 General . 24 7.2.2 Measuring procedure . 24 7.2.3 Evalu
28、ation 25 7.2.4 Reporting . 25 BS EN 61757-1-1:2017IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 3 7.3 FBG spectral width 25 7.3.1 Measuring procedure . 25 7.3.2 Evaluation 25 7.3.3 Reporting . 25 7.4 FBG reflectivity . 25 7.4.1 Measuring procedure . 25 7.4.2 Evaluation 26 7.4.3 Reporting . 26 7.5 FBG Strain sensitivi
29、ty 26 7.5.1 General . 26 7.5.2 Tensile test set-up . 27 7.5.3 Measuring procedure tensile test 27 7.5.4 Evaluation 28 7.5.5 Reporting . 28 7.6 Gauge factor k 28 7.6.1 General . 28 7.6.2 Bending test set-up 29 7.6.3 Measurement procedure . 31 7.6.4 Evaluation 32 7.6.5 Reporting . 32 7.7 Maximum strai
30、n range at room temperature . 32 7.7.1 General . 32 7.7.2 Test set-up 32 7.7.3 Measuring procedure . 33 7.7.4 Evaluation 33 7.7.5 Reporting . 33 7.8 Fatigue behaviour . 34 7.8.1 Test set-up 34 7.8.2 Measuring procedure . 34 7.8.3 Evaluation 34 7.8.4 Reporting . 35 7.9 Minimum operating radius of cur
31、vature 35 7.9.1 Measuring procedure . 35 7.9.2 Evaluation 35 7.9.3 Reporting . 35 7.10 Temperature and humidity ranges 35 7.10.1 General . 35 7.10.2 Measuring procedure . 36 7.10.3 Evaluation 36 7.10.4 Reporting . 36 7.11 Other environmental influences . 36 7.12 Temperature-induced strain response 3
32、6 7.12.1 General . 36 7.12.2 Test set-up 37 7.12.3 Measuring procedure . 38 7.12.4 Evaluation 38 7.12.5 Reporting . 38 7.13 Proof test and lifetime considerations 38 7.13.1 General . 38 BS EN 61757-1-1:2017 4 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 7.13.2 Measuring procedure . 39 7.13.3 Evaluation 39 7.13.4 Rep
33、orting . 40 8 Recommendations for use of FBG measuring instruments 40 Annex A (informative) Further properties of FBG strain sensors . 41 A.1 General . 41 A.2 Extended explanation of FBG side-lobes for different conditions of use 41 Annex B (informative) Blank detail specification . 45 B.1 General .
34、 45 B.2 Mechanical setup of the FBG strain sensor 45 B.3 Operational characteristics of the FBG strain sensor 45 B.4 Limiting parameters of the FBG strain sensor . 46 B.5 Temperature data of the FBG strain sensor 46 B.6 Further information of the FBG strain sensor given upon request 46 B.7 Key perfo
35、rmance data of the FBG measuring instrument 46 Annex C (informative) Polarization effects . 48 Annex D (informative) Applied FBG strain sensors . 49 D.1 General . 49 D.2 Recommended bonding process 49 Bibliography . 50 Figure 1 Characteristics of the Bragg grating reflectance spectrum . 10 Figure 2
36、Operation principle of a fibre Bragg grating in an optical waveguide 15 Figure 3 Reflection spectrum of a fibre Bragg grating array . 17 Figure 4 Gauge length between two attachment points . 18 Figure 5 Reflection spectrum of a FBG calculated (left) and measured spectrum (right) 24 Figure 6 Determin
37、ation of RFBGfrom the FBG reflection spectrum (left, Equation (9) and transmission spectrum (right, Equation (10) . 26 Figure 7 Example set-up of a tensile test facility . 27 Figure 8 Test layout (left) for the 4-point bending test with scheme of lateral force and bending moment curves (right) . 29
38、Figure 9 Determination of the strain via displacement measurement . 30 Figure 10 Whole-surface applied sensor on a bended flexural beam . 31 Figure 11 Test specimen with applied FBG strain sensor 34 Figure A.1 Side-lobes in the case of a single FBG strain sensor 42 Figure A.2 Fundamental peaks and d
39、etected side-lobe peaks in the case of serially multiplexed FBGs . 42 Figure A.3 Spectral peaks in the case of serially multiplexed FBGs . 43 Figure A.4 Parameters to identify fundamental peaks and side-lobes 43 Figure A.5 Identification of fundamental peaks and side-lobes 44 Table 1 Required type o
40、f test for individual characteristics 23 BS EN 61757-1-1:2017IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ FIBRE OPTIC SENSORS Part 1-1: Strain measurement Strain sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a wo
41、rldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other
42、 activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the su
43、bject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions d
44、etermined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Co
45、mmittees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in wh
46、ich they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Public
47、ation and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is n
48、ot responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its techn
49、ical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct ap
