1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 61788-14:2010Superconductivity -Part 14: Superconducting power devices General requirements for characteristictests of current leads designed for poweringsuperconducting de
2、vicesBS EN 61788-14:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61788-14:2010. It is identical to IEC 61788-14:2010. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee L/-/90, Super ConductivityA list of organizations represent
3、ed on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 64252 4 ICS 29.050 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immuni
4、ty fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2010. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61788-14 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM July 2010 CENELEC European
5、 Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELE
6、C members. Ref. No. EN 61788-14:2010 E ICS 29.050 English version Superconductivity - Part 14: Superconducting power devices - General requirements for characteristic tests of current leads designed for powering superconducting devices (IEC 61788-14:2010) Supraconductivit Partie 14 : Dispositifs de
7、puissance supraconducteurs - Exigences gnrales concernant les essais caractristiques des broches de courant conus pour lalimentation des dispositifs supraconducteurs (CEI 61788-14:2010) Supraleitfhigkeit Teil 14: Supraleitende Betriebsmittel Allgemeine Anforderungen an charakteristische Prfverfahren
8、 fr Stromzufhrungen fr die Versorgung supraleitender Gerte (IEC 61788-14:2010) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
9、national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A versi
10、on in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, C
11、yprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 61788-14:2010EN 6178
12、8-14:2010 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 90/244/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61788-14, prepared by IEC TC 90, Superconductivity, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61788-14 on 2010-07-01. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the eleme
13、nts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard
14、or by endorsement (dop) 2011-04-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-07-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61788-14:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standar
15、d without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 61788-3:2006 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61788-3:2006 (not modified). IEC 61788-10:2006 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61788-10:2006 (not modified). _ BS EN 61788-14:2010- 3
16、- EN 61788-14:2010 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refer
17、ences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60050-815 2000 International Electrotechnic
18、al Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 815: Superconductivity - - IEC 60071-1 - Insulation co-ordination - Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules EN 60071-1 - IEC 60137 - Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V EN 60137 - This page deliberately left blank 61788-14 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS INTRO
19、DUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Principles .7 5 Characteristic test items .8 6 Characteristic test methods 9 6.1 Structure inspection 9 6.2 Stress/strain effect test10 6.3 Thermal property test 10 6.4 Rated current-carrying test11 6.5 Contact resistance tes
20、t12 6.6 Voltage drop test.12 6.7 High voltage test .12 6.8 Pressure drop test.13 6.9 Leak tightness test 13 6.10 Safety margin test .14 7 Reporting .15 8 Precautions 15 Annex A (informative) Supplementary information relating to Clauses 1 to 8.16 Annex B (informative) Typical current leads18 Annex C
21、 (informative) Explanation figures to facilitate understanding of test methods 22 Annex D (informative) Test items and methods for a HTS component .24 Bibliography26 Figure B.1 Schematic diagram of self-cooled normal conducting current leads.18 Figure B.2 Schematic diagram of forced flow cooled norm
22、al conducting current leads .19 Figure B.3 Schematic diagram of current leads composed of forced flow cooled normal conducting section and HTS section in vacuum environment 19 Figure B.4 Schematic diagram of current leads composed of forced flow cooled normal conducting section and HTS section in GH
23、e environment .20 Figure B.5 Schematic diagram of current leads composed of LN2/GN2/GHe cooled normal conducting section and self-sufficient evaporated helium cooled HTS section .20 Figure B.6 Schematic diagram of current leads composed of conduction cooled normal conducting section and HTS section
24、.21 Figure C.1 Schematic drawing of a temperature profile during the rated current-carrying test 22 Figure C.2 Schematic drawing of a pressure dependency of the breakdown voltage in the Paschen tightness test22 Figure C.3 Schematic drawing of a time dependency of the voltage rise at the quench test
25、23 Table 1 Characteristic test items and test execution stages for current leads .9 Table D.1 Characteristic test items for a HTS component 24 4BS EN 61788-14:201061788-14 IEC:2010(E) 5 INTRODUCTION Current leads are indispensable components of superconducting devices in practical uses such as MRI d
26、iagnostic equipment, NMR spectrometers, single crystal growth devices, SMES, particle accelerators such as Tevatron, HERA, RHIC and LHC, experimental test instruments for nuclear fusion reactors, such as ToreSupra, TRIAM, LHD, EAST, KSTAR, W7-X, JT-60SA and ITER, etc., and of advanced superconductin
27、g devices in the near future in practical uses such as magnetic levitated trains, superconducting fault current limiters, superconducting transformers, etc. The major functions of current leads are to power high currents into superconducting devices and to minimize the overall heat load, including h
28、eat leakage from room temperature to cryogenic temperature and Joule heating through current leads. For this purpose, current leads are dramatically effective for lowering the overall heat load to use the high temperature superconducting component as a part of the current leads. On the other hand, t
29、he current lead technologies applied to superconducting devices depend on each application, as well as on the manufacturers experience and accumulated know-how. Due to their use as component parts, it is difficult to judge the compatibility, flexibility between devices, convenience, overall economic
30、al efficiency, etc of current leads. This may impede progress in the growth and development of superconducting equipment technology and its application to commercial activities, which is a cause for concern. Consequently, it is judged industrially effective to clarify the definition of current leads
31、 to be applied to superconducting devices and to standardize the common characteristic test methods in a series of general rules. BS EN 61788-14:2010 6 61788-14 IEC:2010(E) SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Part 14: Superconducting power devices General requirements for characteristic tests of current leads designe
32、d for powering superconducting devices 1 Scope This part of IEC 61788 provides general requirements for characteristic tests of conventional as well as superconducting current leads to be used for powering superconducting equipment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indis
33、pensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-815:2000, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 815: Superconductivi
34、ty IEC 60071-1, Insulation coordination Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules IEC 60137, Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions contained in IEC 60050-815:2000 as well as the following terms a
35、nd definitions apply: 3.1 current lead power lead conductor to introduce electric current into a device with an insulation and a cooling channel especially when leading from room temperature to cryogenic temperature IEV 815-06-47 3.2 normal conducting current lead conventional current lead current l
36、ead made only of a normal conducting section 3.3 superconducting current lead current lead containing a superconducting section NOTE A superconducting current lead consists of a normal conducting section from room temperature to intermediate temperature and a superconducting section from intermediat
37、e temperature to cryogenic temperature. In this standard, the superconducting section is mostly made by a high temperature superconductor (HTS). 3.4 non-gas cooled type current lead current lead cooled by conduction cooling method BS EN 61788-14:201061788-14 IEC:2010(E) 7 3.5 gas-cooled type current
38、 lead current lead cooled by a cooling gas NOTE In some cases, the gas cooling is made between cooling via gas flow inside the leads and (additional) convection cooling on the outside surface. 3.6 self-cooled current lead vapour enthalpy cooled current lead current lead capably cooled by an evaporat
39、ed gas generated by heat load from current leads into cryogen 3.7 heat leakage non-current heat leakage heat conducted from higher temperature portion into lower temperature portion of the current lead at zero current operation without any Joule heating 3.8 heat load total heat induced into a cryoge
40、nic system through the current leads under current-carrying operation 3.9 rated current heat load heat load at a rated current operation 4 Principles The powering of superconducting equipment is made via components that provide the electrical link between the room temperature environment and the cry
41、ogenic temperature of the powered equipment. These components are called current leads. Since they operate in a gradient of temperature and they transport current into the cryogenic environment, they are one of the major sources of a heat leakage into the cryostat. The current leads can be classifie
42、d into two types: normal conducting current leads, made entirely from normal conducting section. These are usually joined at their cold end to a superconducting (SC) bus or link leading to the device being powered; high temperature superconducting (HTS) current leads, which incorporate a section of
43、HTS material. A normal conducting section is necessary to conduct the current from room temperature to the warm end of the HTS section. The latter must be maintained at a sufficiently low temperature to ensure that it remains superconducting for the maximum rated current of the lead. The cold end of
44、 the HTS section is usually joined to the device by a SC bus. Depending on the cooling method, the leads can be either non-gas-cooled or gas-cooled. Both types of cooling methods can be used if the lead is subdivided into two, hydraulically separated, sections. If the device being powered uses low t
45、emperature superconducting (LTS) material, the link to the lead is usually via LTS cables or wires. Optimized, self-cooled normal conducting current leads conduct into the helium bath 1,1 W/kA 11)to 1,2 W/kA 2. This value can be reduced substantially by using HTS material. HTS current _ 1)Figures in
46、 square brackets refer to the Bibliography. BS EN 61788-14:2010 8 61788-14 IEC:2010(E) leads have been extensively studied, designed and tested, and are already being integrated into large-scale systems 3 4. The design of a current lead is uniquely linked to the system within which it has to operate
47、. The choice of materials, the cooling method, the geometry, the electrical characteristics and the admissible cryogenic consumptions are strongly influenced by boundary conditions imposed by the whole system. System requirements are electrical, cryogenic, and mechanical, and include the following:
48、maximum operating current, operation mode, current ramp rate, insulation voltage, circuit time constant, ambient magnetic fields; cryogen availability, cryogen inlet/outlet temperature and pressure, admissible heat loads, time duration when the lead shall operate safely in case of failure of cryogen
49、 supply; the volume available for integration, including mechanical support, vacuum insulation, and connection to the hydraulic and electrical interfaces. NOTE 1 The heat leakage for self-cooled current leads should make use of 1,2 W/kA in the case of large current capacities. NOTE 2 Typical current leads based on these principles are shown in Annex B. 5 Characteristic test items The following clauses describe the qualification tests that should be perf
