1、BSI Standards PublicationSafety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transportBS EN 62281:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62281:2013. It is identical to IEC 62281:2012. It supersedes BS EN 62281:2004, which will bewithdrawn on 9 Januar
2、y 2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPL/35, Primary cells.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are
3、responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74693 2ICS 29.220.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStan
4、dards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62281:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62281 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM March 2013CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical StandardizationComit Europen de N
5、ormalisation ElectrotechniqueEuropisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 62281:2013 E ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 622
6、81:2004 English version Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport (IEC 62281:2012) Scurit des piles et des accumulateursau lithium pendant le transport (CEI 62281:2012) Sicherheit von Primr- und Sekundr-Lithiumbatterien beim Transport (IEC 62281:2012) This European
7、 Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-01-09. CENELEC members are bound to complywith the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standardthe status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conc
8、erning such national standards may be obtained onapplication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any otherlanguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC mem
9、ber into its own language and notifiedto the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic
10、 of Macedonia, France, Germany,Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 62281:2013EN 62281:2013 - 2 - Foreword The text of do
11、cument 35/1303/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62281, prepared by IEC TC 35 “Primary cellsand batteries“ and SC 21A, “Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acidelectrolytes“, of IEC TC 21, “Secondary cells and batteries“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallelvote and approv
12、ed by CENELEC as EN 62281:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level bypublication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2013-10-09 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with thedocument have to
13、 be withdrawn (dow) 2016-01-09 This document supersedes EN 62281:2004. EN 62281:2013 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 62281:2004: a) distinction between small and large cell or battery by gross mass rather than by lithium content or Watt-hour rating (“nominal”
14、energy); b) combination of the no mass loss (NM) and no leakage (NL) criteria into one criteria (NL); c) extension of an acceptable mass loss of 0,2 % from 5 g to 75 g mass of a cell or battery; d) reduction of large batteries to be tested under tests T-1 to T-5 and T-8 from 4 to 2 samples; e) reduc
15、tion of test samples required for small battery assemblies (5.2.2); f) reduction of the vibration amplitude to 2 g for large batteries in T-3 vibration test method; g) replacement of the impact test by the crush test for prismatic, pouch, button, and coin cells as well ascylindrical cells with no mo
16、re than 20 mm in diameter. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patentrights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC
17、 62281:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a EuropeanStandard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60086-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60086-4. IEC 60068-2-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6. IEC 60068-2-27 NO
18、TE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-27. BS EN 62281:2013- 3 - EN 62281:2013 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable fo
19、r its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HDa
20、pplies. Year Publication EN/HD Title Year IEC 61960 - Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Secondary lithium cells and batteries forportable applications EN 61960 - IEC 62133 - Secondary cells and batteries containingalkaline or other non-acid electrolyt
21、es - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, foruse in portable applications EN 62133 - IEC 62660-1 - Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsionof electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing EN 62660-1 - BS EN 62281:2013 2 62281 IEC:201
22、2(E) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Requirements for safety 10 4.1 General considerations . 10 4.2 Quality plan 11 4.3 Packaging 11 5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing 11 5.1 Type testing . 11 5.2 Battery assemblies . 12 5.2.1 Sec
23、ondary batteries for use in battery assemblies . 12 5.2.2 Small battery assemblies 12 5.2.3 Large battery assemblies 12 5.3 Sampling . . 12 5.4 Re-testing 13 6 Test methods and requirements 13 6.1 General . . 13 6.1.1 Safety notice 13 6.1.2 Ambient temperature . . 14 6.1.3 Parameter measurement tole
24、rances . 14 6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 14 6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 14 6.2.1 Shifting . . 14 6.2.2 Distortion . 14 6.2.3 Short-circuit . . 14 6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . . 14 6.2.5 Leakage 14 6.2.6 Venting . . 15 6.2.7 Fire. 15 6.2.8 Rupture . 15 6.2.9 Explosion. 15 6.3 Tes
25、ts and requirements Overview . 15 6.4 Transport tests 16 6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 16 6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 16 6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 17 6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 17 6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit. 18 6.4.6 Test T-6: Impact/crush . . 18 6.5 Misuse tests . 20 6.5.1 Test T-7: O
26、vercharge. . 20 6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . . 20 6.6 Packaging test . 20 Test P-1: Drop test . 20 BS EN 62281:201362281 IEC:2012(E) 3 6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 21 6.8 Evaluation and report . 21 7 Information for safety . . 22 7.1 Packaging 22 7.2 Handling of
27、battery cartons 22 7.3 Transport . 22 7.3.1 General . 22 7.3.2 Air transport . 22 7.3.3 Sea transport 22 7.3.4 Land transport 22 7.3.5 Classification 22 7.4 Display and storage . . 22 8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport Quarantine 23 9 Marking . 23 9.1 Marking of primary and s
28、econdary (rechargeable) cells and batteries 23 9.2 Marking of the packaging and shipping documents . 23 Bibliography . 25 Figure 1 Example of a test set-up for the impact test. 19 Figure 2 Example for the marking of packages with primary or secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells or batteries . 24 Ta
29、ble 1 Number of primary test cells and batteries for type testing 12 Table 2 Number of secondary test cells and batteries for type testing . 13 Table 3 Number of packages with primary or secondary test cells and batteries. . 13 Table 4 Mass loss limits . 15 Table 5 Transport and packaging tests and
30、requirements . 16 Table 6 Vibration profile (sinusoidal) 17 Table 7 Shock parameters . 18 BS EN 62281:2013 6 62281 IEC:2012(E) INTRODUCTION Primary lithium cells and batteries were first introduced in military applications in the 1970s. At that time, little commercial interest and no industrial stan
31、dards existed. Consequently, the United Nations (UN) Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, although usually referring to industrial standards for testing and criteria, introduced a sub-section in the Manual of tests and criteria concerning safety tests relevant to transport of pr
32、imary lithium cells and batteries. Meanwhile, commercial interest in primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries has grown and several industrial standards exist. However, the existing IEC standards are manifold, not completely harmonized, and not necessarily relevant to transpo
33、rt. They are not suitable to be used as a source of reference in the UN Model Regulations. Therefore this group safety standard has been prepared to harmonize the tests and requirements relevant to transport. This International Standard applies to primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells a
34、nd batteries containing lithium in any chemical form: lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium-ion. Lithium-metal and lithium alloy primary electrochemical systems use metallic lithium and lithium alloy, respectively, as the negative electrode. Lithium-ion secondary electrochemical systems use interc
35、alation compounds (intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic form within the lattice of the electrode material) in the positive and in the negative electrodes. This International Standard also applies to lithium polymer cells and batteries, which are considered either as primary lithiu
36、m-metal cells and batteries or as secondary lithium-ion cells and batteries, depending on the nature of the material used in the negative electrode. The history of transporting primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries is worth noting. Since the 1970s, over ten billion primary lithium cells
37、and batteries have been transported, and since the early 1990s, over one billion secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries utilizing a lithium-ion system have been transported. As the number of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries to be transported is increasing, it is approp
38、riate to also include in this standard the safety testing of packaging used for the transportation of these products. This International Standard specifically addresses the safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport and also the safety of the packaging used. The UN
39、Manual of Tests and Criteria 11distinguishes between lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries on the one hand, and lithium ion and lithium polymer cells and batteries on the other hand. While it defines that lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries can be either primary (non-re
40、chargeable) or rechargeable, it always considers lithium ion cells and batteries as rechargeable. However, test methods in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria are the same for both secondary lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries and lithium ion and lithium polymer cells and batteries.
41、The concept is only needed to distinguish between small and large battery assemblies. Battery assemblies assembled from (primary or secondary) lithium metal and lithium alloy batteries are distinguished by the aggregate lithium content of all anodes (measured in grams), while battery assemblies asse
42、mbled from lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries are distinguished by their “nominal” energy (measured in Watt-hours). _ 1Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography BS EN 62281:201362281 IEC:2012(E) 7 SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT 1 Scope T
43、his International Standard specifies test methods and requirements for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this standard do not apply in those cases where special prov
44、isions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide exemptions. NOTE Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road vehicles. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in t
45、his document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 61960, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid elect
46、rolytes Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications IEC 62133, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications IEC 62660-1,
47、 Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles Part 1: Performance testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 aggregate lithium content total lithium content of the cells comprising a battery 3.2 batter
48、y one or more cells electrically connected and fitted in a case, with terminals, markings and protective devices etc., as necessary for use Note 1 to entry: This definition is different from the definition used in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria 1. The standard was, however, carefully prepared s
49、o that the test set-up for each test is harmonized with the UN Manual. SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 2, 482-01-04, modified reference to “electrically connected“ has been added 3.3 battery assembly battery comprising two or more batteries BS EN 62281:2013 8 62281 IEC:2012(E) 3.4 button (cell or battery) coin (cell or battery) small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter, e.g. in the shape of a button or a coin SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-40, modifie
