1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 2813:2014Paints and varnishes Determination of gloss value at20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85degreesBS EN ISO 2813:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 2813:2014.It supersedes BS EN ISO 2813:2000 which is withd
2、rawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee STI/10, Test methods for paints.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Us
3、ers are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 71909 7ICS 87.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the
4、Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 2813 October 2014 ICS 87.040 Supersedes EN ISO 2813:1999English Version Paints and varnishes - Determination of gloss value at 20 d
5、egrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees (ISO 2813:2014) Peintures et vernis - Dtermination de lindice de brillance 20 degrs, 60 degrs et 85 degrs (ISO 2813:2014) Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung des Glanzwertes unter 20, 60 und 85 (ISO 2813:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 August 201
6、4. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained o
7、n application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENE
8、LEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
9、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Aven
10、ue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 2813:2014 EBS EN ISO 2813:2014EN ISO 2813:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 2813:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 3
11、5 “Paints and varnishes“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April
12、2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
13、s. This document supersedes EN ISO 2813:1999. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Form
14、er Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 2813:2
15、014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 2813:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 2813:2014ISO 2813:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Basic principles of the gloss measurement 26 Apparatus a
16、nd calibration equipment 46.1 Glossmeter 46.2 Measurement standards (certified reference material, working measurement standards) 77 Test panels 87.1 Substrate 87.2 Preparation and coating 87.3 Drying and conditioning . 87.4 Thickness of coating . 88 Calibration and adjustment of the glossmeter 88.1
17、 Preparation of the apparatus 88.2 Zero point check 88.3 Calibration and adjustment . 99 Procedure. 99.1 Selection of geometry 99.2 Gloss measurement . 910 Precision 1010.1 General 1010.2 Repeatability limit . 1010.3 Reproducibility limit . 1011 Test report 10Annex A (normative) Possible sources of
18、error .12Annex B (normative) Calibration standards .15Annex C (informative) Gloss calculation of primary reference standards .17Annex D (informative) Details on precision .21Bibliography .23BS EN ISO 2813:2014ISO 2813:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a world
19、wide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on t
20、hat committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this doc
21、ument and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directi
22、ves, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the developme
23、nt of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO speci
24、fic terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35, Paints and varn
25、ishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 2813:1994), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 2813:1994/Cor.1:1997.The main technical changes are:a) the title
26、has been changed;b) the scope has been extended to include gloss measurement of metallic coatings;c) the term “specular gloss” has been replaced by “gloss”;d) the gloss value is indicated in gloss units (GU);e) a new annex (Annex A) concerning possible sources of error has been added;f) a new annex
27、(Annex B) concerning calibration standards has been added;g) a new annex (Annex C) concerning gloss calculation of primary reference standards has been added;h) a new annex (Annex D) concerning details on precision has been added;i) the precision data are the results of a large interlaboratory test.
28、iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 2813:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2813:2014(E)Paints and varnishes Determination of gloss value at 20, 60 and 851 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for determining the gloss of coatings using the three geometries of 20, 60 or 85. The metho
29、d is suitable for the gloss measurement of non-textured coatings on plane, opaque substrates.NOTE On test specimens different from these mentioned above, comparative gloss measurements are possible. However, it is not ensured that the obtained gloss values correspond to the visual gloss perception (
30、see Annex A).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includi
31、ng any amendments) applies.ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes Standard panels for testingISO 2808, Paints and varnishes Determination of film thicknessISO 4618:2014, Paints and varnishes Terms and definitions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO
32、 4618 and the following apply.3.1glossoptical property of a surface, characterized by its ability to reflect light specularlyNote 1 to entry: Examples of degrees of gloss are high gloss, gloss, silk gloss, semigloss, satin, matt, and dead matt.SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.1323.2geometryidentification of
33、 a method of gloss measurement using a specified angle with assigned apertures3.3gloss valueratio multiplied by 100 of the luminous flux reflected from a specimen to that reflected by a glass surface with a refractive index of 1,567 at a wavelength of 587,6 nm in specular direction for a specified r
34、eflection angle and specified aperture angles of light source and receptorNote 1 to entry: The gloss value is indicated in gloss units (GU). It is not permitted to interpret and express gloss values as “% reflection”.Note 2 to entry: Gloss values measured on coatings are expressed rounded to the nea
35、rest integer (without decimals).Note 3 to entry: To define the gloss scale, polished black glass with a refractive index of 1,567 at a wavelength of 587,6 nm is assigned to the value of 100 for 20, 60 and 85 geometries. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 2813:2014ISO 2813:2014(E)Note 4 to entry
36、: A glass surface with a reflective index of 1,567 at a wavelength of 546,1 nm (which is the central wavelength of the spectral luminous efficiency function) may be used.Note 5 to entry: The gloss value is influenced by the surface characteristics, e.g. roughness, texture, structure, of the sample.4
37、 PrincipleWith a reflectometric apparatus, gloss values are determined on coated surfaces, correlating with the visual gloss perception. In this context (glossmeter), the ratio of the gloss of the coating and the gloss of a polished plane glass plate with specified reference refractive index is obta
38、ined.The method of gloss measurement is specified by the following parameters: measuring angles; field stop apertures; spectral adaptation; reference refractive index.5 Basic principles of the gloss measurementGloss is a visual perception caused by looking at surfaces. The specular reflection of obj
39、ects is even more distinct when light is reflected more directionally from the surface. The incident light is reflected on high-gloss surfaces only in the main specular direction. On matt surfaces the light is not only reflected in the main specular direction but also diffusely scattered in all soli
40、d angles. The more uniformly the light is scattered into the space the smaller is the intensity of the directed component and the matter the surface appears.The principle of gloss measurement is based on the measurement of the directionally reflected light. In this context its intensity is measured
41、in a defined angular field around the reflection angle. The intensity of the reflected light depends on the surface material and the incident angle. Accordingly, on coated surfaces with increasing incident angle more light is reflected. The remaining light is refracted at the interface air/coating,
42、and within the coating diffusion and/or absorption of the light occurs.The gloss values are not related to the intensity of the incident light but to the reflection properties of a black, polished glass standard with specified refractive index.For different viewing angles the gloss perception can va
43、ry widely. For example matt surfaces can appear glossy under grazing incidence of light and low viewing angle, because under these reflection conditions a lot of light is reflected directionally and also the intensity of diffusion is low.Figure 1 illustrates the relation between the gloss perception
44、 of visually equally classified coating specimens (from matt to glossy) and the assigned gloss values for the measuring angles of 20, 60 and 85.EXAMPLE Visual classification 9 corresponds to 35 GU under 20, 70 GU under 60 and 95 GU under 85.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 2813:2014ISO 2813:2
45、014(E)KeyY gloss valueX increasing gloss perception from matt to glossyFigure 1 Gloss curvesDue to the non-linearity of the characteristic curves in accordance with Figure 1, the gloss for each measuring angle can only be differentiated over a specific range. In practice depending on the degree of g
46、loss of the specimen surface the following measuring angles have been proved (see Figure 2): 20 geometry for high-gloss surfaces; 60 geometry for semigloss surfaces; 85 geometry for matt surfaces.For each gloss value the geometry shall be indicated. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 2813:2014I
47、SO 2813:2014(E)Figure 2 Measuring angles6 Apparatus and calibration equipment6.1 Glossmeter6.1.1 Optical construction and course of beamThe course of beam of the glossmeter is illustrated in Figure 3. The light of a source is collimated onto the test surface at a specified angle, and the reflected l
48、ight is received by a lens at the same angle and focused onto a photo detector.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 2813:2014ISO 2813:2014(E)Key1 light source (source) 9 optical axis of the incident beam2 source image aperture 10 optical axis of the receptor beam3 source lens 11 surface normal of
49、 the test specimen4 receptor lens 12 direction of measurement5 test surface 1angle between 9 and 116 receptor field stop 2angle between 10 and 117 image of the source aperture in the receptor field stoprreceptor aperture angle8 photo detector (receptor)Ssource image aperture angleFigure 3 Course of beam of the glossmeter6.1.2 GeometriesThe axis of the incident beam shall be at an angle (1) of (20,0 0,1), (60,0 0,1), or (85,0 0,1) to the normal to the surface under test. With a flat piece of p
