1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 3927:2011Metallic powders, excluding powders for hardmetals Determination of compressibility in uniaxial compression (ISO 3927:2011)BS EN ISO 3927:2011 BRITISH STANDARD
2、National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 3927:2011.It supersedes BS EN ISO 3927:2002, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/65, Sintered metal components.A list of organizations represented on this committe
3、e can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 70814 5 ICS 77.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligat
4、ions.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2011. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 3927 February 2011 ICS 77.160 Supersedes EN ISO 3927
5、:2001English Version Metallic powders, excluding powders for hardmetals - Determination of compressibility in uniaxial compression (ISO 3927:2011) Poudres mtalliques, lexclusion des poudres pour mtaux-durs - Dtermination de la compressibilit sous compression uniaxiale (ISO 3927:2011) Metallpulver, m
6、it Ausnahme von Hartmetallpulvern - Bestimmung der Verdichtbarkeit bei einachsigem Pressen (ISO 3927:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
7、Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (En
8、glish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium
9、, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITT
10、EE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 3927:2011: EBS EN ISO 3927:2011 EN I
11、SO 3927:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 3927:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC SS M11 “Powder metallurgy” the secretariat of which is held by CCMC. This European Standard shall be given the status
12、of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
13、of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 3927:2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this
14、European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a
15、nd the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 3927:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 3927:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 3927:2011ISO 3927:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
16、 of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
17、International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance wit
18、h the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approv
19、al by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3927 was prepared by Technical Committee
20、 ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling and testing methods for powders (including powders for hardmetals). This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3927:2001), of which it constitutes a minor revision. It incorporates ISO 3927:2001/Cor.1:2008, with the fol
21、lowing changes. Clause 8, Title: Footnote 1 has been deleted. Subclause 8.1: The original text was replaced with a new paragraph. Subclauses 8.1 and 8.2 have been renumbered as 8.2 and 8.3. BS EN ISO 3927:2011BS EN ISO 3927:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3927:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Me
22、tallic powders, excluding powders for hardmetals Determination of compressibility in uniaxial compression 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for measuring the extent to which a metallic powder is compacted when subjected to uniaxial compressive loading in a confining die under spe
23、cified conditions. The method is not applicable to powders for hardmetals. 2 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Symbols Symbol Designation Unit pCompressibilityag/cm3m Mass of the compact g V Volume of the compact cm3aIf the compressibility is meas
24、ured at one pressure only, e.g. 400 N/mm2, the symbol becomes p(400). 3 Principle Uniaxial compaction of a powder in a confining die by double-action pressing. Samples of the powder may be pressed either at a single specified pressure or at a series of specified pressures. After ejection from the di
25、e, the density of the compacts is determined. The density obtained in the former case represents the compressibility of the powder at the specified pressure. The densities obtained in the latter case can be utilized for drawing the compressibility curve of the powder, i.e. a plot of the density as a
26、 function of the compacting pressure. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Die, preferably of cemented carbide, or alternatively of tool steel, and two punches for producing either cylindrical or rectangular compacts. The cylindrical die should be capable of making compacts of diameter 20 mm to 26 mm with a height to di
27、ameter ratio between 0,8 and 1. An example of a design for tooling is shown in Figure 1. The rectangular die should be capable of making compacts of 30 mm 12 mm and of thickness 5 mm to 7 mm. An example of a design for tooling is shown in Figure 2. Mating parts shall be fitted and lapped. BS EN ISO
28、3927:2011ISO 3927:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres a) Upper punch, L = H 10 b) Die, H = 60 mm to 80 mm c) Lower punch, L = H + 35 Key 1 cemented carbide 2 shrink ring H height of tool die Figure 1 Example of tooling to produce a cylindrical test piece BS EN ISO 3927:20
29、11ISO 3927:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3Dimensions in millimetres a) Upper punch, L = 25 b) Die c) Lower punch, L = 70 Key 1 cemented carbide aSteel, HRC 60 to 62. 2 shrink ring Figure 2 Example of tooling to produce a rectangular test piece BS EN ISO 3927:2011ISO 3927:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 Al
30、l rights reserved4.2 Press, capable of applying forces up to approximately 500 kN with a minimum accuracy of 1 % and adjustable to permit an even increase of the force at a rate not higher than 50 kN/s. 4.3 Balance, capable of weighing at least 100 g to an accuracy of 0,01 g. 4.4 Micrometer or other
31、 suitable measuring device for measuring the dimensions of the compacts to an accuracy of 0,01 mm. 5 Sampling The quantity of the test sample shall be chosen to give the required number of test pieces (see Clause 7) with the dimensions specified in 4.1. If necessary, preliminary tests should be made
32、 in order to establish the quantity of powder needed for fulfilling this requirement. 6 Procedure 6.1 Cleaning of the die and punches Wipe the die cavity and the punches with soft and clean paper towelling soaked with an appropriate solvent such as acetone. Allow the solvent to evaporate. 6.2 Powder
33、 testing conditions WARNING Seizure and excessive die wear may occur, particularly at high compacting pressures. 6.2.1 Powders which do not contain a lubricant can be tested a) in a dry die, b) in a die with lubricated walls (see 6.3.2), and c) after admixing a lubricant (see 6.3.3) and in a dry die
34、. 6.2.2 Powders which contain a lubricant can be tested a) in a dry die, and b) after admixing additional lubricant (see 6.3.3) and in a dry die. 6.3 Lubrication 6.3.1 General Use one of the two following methods of lubrication. 6.3.2 Die wall lubrication Apply to the die walls a mixture or a soluti
35、on of a lubricant in a volatile organic liquid, e.g. 100 g of zinc stearate in 1 000 cm3of acetone. After any excess liquid has drained away, allow the solution adhering to the walls to evaporate, leaving a thin layer of lubricant. 6.3.3 Lubrication of powder Lubricate the powder to be tested by tho
36、roughly mixing into it a quantity (e.g. 0,5 % to 1,5 %) of a suitable solid lubricant (e.g. zinc stearate or synthetic wax). BS EN ISO 3927:2011ISO 3927:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 56.4 Compacting and ejection Insert the lower punch into the die cavity. Position the die to the desired filli
37、ng height by using supporting spacers between the die and the foot of the lower punch. Pour the sample into the die cavity, taking the usual precautions to ensure that the powder is uniformly distributed in the die cavity. Position the upper punch and place the die with the punches between the plate
38、ns of the press. Apply and release a preliminary force of approximately 20 kN. Remove the spacers supporting the die. If the die is supported by springs, or in a similar way, it is not necessary to apply the preliminary force. Apply the final force at a constant rate that shall not exceed 50 kN/s. R
39、elease the force as soon as the predetermined pressure is reached. Eject the compact from the die by means of the lower punch. The procedure of compacting and ejection is exemplified in Figure 3. After ejection and, if necessary, deburring, weigh the compact to the nearest 0,01 g. Measure its dimens
40、ions to the nearest 0,01 mm. 6.5 Compacting pressures For determining the compressibility curve of a powder at a series of pressures, it is recommended that the applied pressures 200 N/mm2, 400 N/mm2, 500 N/mm2, 600 N/mm2and 800 N/mm2be used. If compressibility is to be determined at a single pressu
41、re only, it should preferably be measured at one of these pressures or by agreement between the parties concerned. BS EN ISO 3927:2011ISO 3927:2011(E) 6 ISO 2011 All rights reserveda) Filling b) Pre-compacting c) Compacting d) Ejection Key 1 die 4 lower punch 2 sample powder 5 upper punch 3 spacer F
42、igure 3 Procedure of compacting and ejection BS EN ISO 3927:2011ISO 3927:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 77 Expression of results 7.1 The density of the compact is given by the formula: pmV = Report the density to the nearest 0,01 g/cm3. 7.2 Report the compressibility as the average of three de
43、nsity determinations, calculated to the nearest 0,01 g/cm3, obtained at the specified compacting pressure. 7.3 The compressibility curve of a powder is drawn through points representing single determinations of pat the specified compacting pressures. 8 Precision 8.1 The precision data specified in 8
44、.2 and 8.3 are quoted from ASTM B331-95. The specimens that were the subject of ASTM B331-95 had a diameter of 25,4 mm and heights varying between 6,9 mm and 7,4 mm. Despite the difference in specimen dimensions, it is considered that these precision data provide an indication of the precision to be
45、 expected with the specimens specified in this International Standard. 8.2 For the density determination method, the repeatability interval, r, for ferrous and nonferrous powders is 0,025 g/cm3. On the basis of the test error alone, the difference in absolute value of individual test results obtaine
46、d in the same laboratory on the same material will be expected to exceed 0,025 g/cm3only about 5 % of the time. 8.3 For the density determination method, the reproducibility interval, R, for ferrous and nonferrous powders is 0,07 g/cm3. On the basis of the test error alone, the difference in absolut
47、e value between individual test results obtained in two different laboratories on the same material will be expected to exceed R only about 5 % of the time. Thus, if a larger difference is found, there is reason to question one or both test results. 9 Test report The test report shall include the fo
48、llowing information: a) a reference to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 3927:2010; b) all details necessary for the identification of the test sample; c) the type of test piece; d) the type, nature and amount of the lubricant, if it has been added to the powder (in certain cases it may be desir
49、able to report how the lubricant was added); e) the compacting pressures; f) the result obtained; g) all operations not specified in this International Standard or regarded as optional; h) details of any occurrence which may have affected the result. BS EN ISO 3927:2011ISO 3927:2011(E) 8 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBibliography 1 ASTM B331-95, Standard Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction BS EN ISO 3927:2011This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately l
