1、BS EN ISO 4590:2016Rigid cellular plastics Determination of the volumepercentage of open cells and ofclosed cells (ISO 4590:2016)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 4590:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK imple
2、mentation of EN ISO 4590:2016.It supersedes BS EN ISO 4590:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/72, Rigid cellular materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This public
3、ation does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 77075 3ICS 83.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity froml
4、egal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4590 August 2016 ICS 83.100 Supe
5、rsedes EN ISO 4590:2003English Version Rigid cellular plastics - Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of closed cells (ISO 4590:2016) Plastiques alvolaires rigides - Dtermination du pourcentage volumique de cellules ouvertes et de cellules fermes (ISO 4590:2016) Harte Schaumstoff
6、e - Bestimmung des Volumenanteils offener und geschlossener Zellen (ISO 4590:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nat
7、ional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A ve
8、rsion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
9、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdo
10、m. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4590:
11、2016 EBS EN ISO 4590:2016EN ISO 4590:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 4590:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be gi
12、ven the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
13、may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 4590:2003. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound
14、 to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
15、 Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4590:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4590:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 4590:2016ISO 4590:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 1
16、3 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Test specimens 25.1 Number 25.2 Preparation 35.3 Dimensions . 35.4 Sectioning of test specimens . 36 Conditioning and test atmospheres 37 Measurement of surface area S and geometrical volume Vg. 38 Determination of impenetrable volume Viby method 1: pressure
17、 variation (pyknometer) 48.1 Principle of method 1 58.2 Description of apparatus for method 1 58.3 Calibration of pyknometer apparatus . 78.4 Procedure for method 1 88.5 Calculation for method 1 99 Determination of impenetrable volume Viby method 2: volume expansion 99.1 Principle of method 2 99.2 D
18、escription of apparatus for method 2a 109.3 Calibration of apparatus for method 2a . 119.4 Procedure and calculation for method 2a 149.5 Description of apparatus for method 2b . 149.6 Calibration of apparatus for method 2b . 159.7 Test procedure for method 2b 159.8 Test sequence for method 2b . 169.
19、9 Calculations and expression of results for method 2b 1710 Correction for specimen surface cells opened during specimen preparation 1710.1 For the pressure-variation method (see Clause 8) .1710.2 For the volume-expansion method (see Clause 9) 1711 Expression of results .1811.1 Apparent volume perce
20、ntage of open cells . 1811.2 Corrected volume percentage of open cells 1812 Precision 1913 Test report 20Annex A (normative) Notes on procedure .21 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 4590:2016ISO 4590:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wo
21、rldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented o
22、n that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this
23、document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Dire
24、ctives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the develo
25、pment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO sp
26、ecific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Sub
27、committee SC 10, Cellular plastics.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4590:2002), which has been technically revised with the following changes: changes on Clause 2; introduction of a new test method based on the variation of the volume which is named 2b and is explained
28、 under 9.5 to 9.7; references to the test methods have been revised consequently and the cross references; some editorial updates have been introduced.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4590:2016ISO 4590:2016(E)IntroductionThe method 2b is included in order to update the basics of the method w
29、ith the modern apparatus. This International Standard kept the same measurement equipment since the first version of 1981 and new test equipment has been included in accordance with the technical advances. The equipment, its performance and calibration, and the calculation of the new method are desc
30、ribed in 9.5 to 9.9. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 4590:2016BS EN ISO 4590:2016Rigid cellular plastics Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of closed cells1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a general procedure for the determination of the volume percentage of
31、open and of closed cells of rigid cellular plastics, by measurement first of the geometrical volume and then of the air-impenetrable volume of test specimens.The procedure includes the correction of the apparent open-cell volume by taking into account the surface cells opened by cutting during speci
32、men preparation. Three alternative methods (method 1, method 2a and method 2b), and corresponding apparatus, are specified for the measurement of the impenetrable volume.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensa
33、ble for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1923, Cellular plastics and rubbers Determination of linear dimensions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of
34、 this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1surface areaStotal surface area of the test specimen determined by measuring its geometrical dimensions3.2geometrical volumeVgvolume of the test specimen determined by measuring its geometrical dimensions3.3surface/volume ratiorratio SVgfo
35、r the test specimen3.4impenetrable volumeVivolume of the test specimen into which air cannot penetrate and from which gas cannot escape, under the test conditionsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4590:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 4590:2016ISO 4590:2016(E)3.5apparent volume percentage of
36、open cellsrratioVVVgig100Note 1 to entry: It includes the volume of the cells opened during cutting of the test specimen, and depends on the nature of the cellular plastic under test and on the surface/volume ratio r of the test specimen.3.6corrected volume percentage of open cells0apparent volume p
37、ercentage of cells r, corrected to take into account the surface cells opened by cutting during preparation of the test specimenNote 1 to entry: It is the limit of the apparent volume percentage of open cells r, as the surface/volume ratio r approaches zero.3.7corrected volume percentage of closed c
38、ells0volume percentage remaining after accounting for the corrected volume percentage of open cells00100=Note 1 to entry: This percentage includes the volume of the cell walls.4 PrincipleThe surface area S and geometrical volume Vgof a number of test specimens, each having a different geometrical su
39、rface/volume ratio r, is determined.The impenetrable volume Viis determined by either of two methods, namelya) method 1 by pressure variation (pyknometer), andb) method 2 by volume expansion.The determination of the impenetrable volume Viis based on the application of the Boyle-Mariotte law to a gas
40、 confined in an indeformable chamber, first in the absence and then in the presence of a test specimen.The apparent volume percentage of open cells rof the test specimen is calculated by plotting the curve r= f(r) and extrapolating to r = 0, followed by calculation of the corrected volume percentage
41、 of open cells 0and the corrected volume percentage of closed cells 0.5 Test specimens5.1 NumberA minimum of three test specimens shall be prepared for each test. A total of three tests shall be carried out per test specimen.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4590:2016ISO 4590:2016(E)5.2 Prepar
42、ationCut test specimens out with a band saw and machine them if necessary, taking care that there is no deformation to the original cell structure other than at the surface. The specimens shall be free of dust, voids and moulding skins.Hot-wire cutting shall not be used.5.3 DimensionsThe required te
43、st specimen dimensions depend on the specific method used to measure the impenetrable volume Vi. Initial specimen sizes shall be as follows. Method 1: Pressure variation (pyknometer) and method 2blength: (25 1) mmwidth: (25 1) mmthickness: (25 1) mm Method 2a: Volume expansionlength: (100 1) mmwidth
44、: (30 1) mmthickness: (30 1) mm5.4 Sectioning of test specimensAll three methods require that specimens r2and r3of each set be further sectioned as shown in Figure 1 to provide a range of surface/volume ratios for testing.6 Conditioning and test atmospheresThe test specimens shall be conditioned for
45、 not less than 16 h at (23 2) C and (50 5) % relative humidity prior to testing. It is important that the test be conducted at (23 2) C and preferably at controlled and moderate humidity, i.e. (50 5) %.7 Measurement of surface area S and geometrical volume Vg7.1 Determine the linear dimensions of ea
46、ch test specimen in accordance with ISO 1923, except that measurements shall be made to the nearest 0,05 mm. The locations of the measurement points shall be as shown in Figure 2.7.2 Calculate the average linear dimensions, the surface area S and the geometrical volume Vg, retaining all significant
47、figures for test specimens r1(one parallelepiped), r2(two parallelepipeds) and r3(four parallelepipeds). Round off the final values for surface area S to the nearest 0,01 cm2and for the geometrical volume Vgto the nearest 0,01 cm3. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 4590:2016ISO 4590:2016(E)(r1
48、) (r2) (r3)Figure 1 Pattern for cutting test specimensa) Thick specimen b) Thin specimenFigure 2 Locations of measurement points8 Determination of impenetrable volume Viby method 1: pressure variation (pyknometer)NOTE The impenetrable volume Viis determined by either method 1 or method 2. The princi
49、ple, description of apparatus, calibration, procedure and calculation for these two methods are specified in this Clause and Clause 9, respectively.4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4590:2016ISO 4590:2016(E)8.1 Principle of method 1The following characteristics are determined for an atmospheric pressure pamband a pressure reduction pein the test chamber in relation to pamb:a) the corresponding change in volume VA1of the test chamber in the absence of a test specimen; thisdetermination constit
