1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 8611-1:2012Pallets for materials handling Flat palletsPart 1: Test methods(ISO 8611-1:2011)BS EN ISO 8611-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、is the UK implementation of EN ISO 8611-1:2012. It is identical to ISO 8611-1:2011. It supersedes BS EN ISO 8611-1:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/0/-/11, Packaging - Wood.A list of organizations represented on this committee c
3、an be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013. ISBN 978 0 580 76930 6 ICS 55.180.20
4、Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NOR
5、M EN ISO 8611-1 August 2012 ICS 55.180.20 Supersedes EN ISO 8611-1:2004English Version Pallets for materials handling - Flat pallets - Part 1: Test methods (ISO 8611-1:2011) Palettes pour la manutention - Palettes plates - Partie 1: Mthodes dessai (ISO 8611-1:2011) Paletten fr den Gtertransport - Fl
6、achpaletten - Teil 1: Prfverfahren (ISO 8611-1:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 July 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any al
7、teration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language m
8、ade by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Est
9、onia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STA
10、NDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 8611-1:2012: EBS EN ISO 8611-1:2012EN ISO 8611
11、-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 8611-1:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51 “Pallets for unit load methods of materials handling” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 8611-1:2012 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Pac
12、kaging” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 20
13、13. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 8611-1:2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
14、 Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irela
15、nd, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 8611-1:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 8611-1:2012 without any modification. BS
16、 EN ISO 8611-1:2012ISO 8611-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Measurements .3 5 Precision and accuracy of tests and apparatus.4 6 Test load.4 7 List of tests 4 8 Tests .4 8.1 Test 1 Bending
17、 tests.4 8.2 Test 2 Forklifting tests7 8.3 Test 3 Compression tests for blocks or stringers.9 8.4 Test 4 Stacking test 11 8.5 Test 5 Bottom deck bending tests 12 8.6 Test 6 Wing pallet bending tests.14 8.7 Test 7 Airbag bending tests.16 8.8 Test 8 Static shear test.18 8.9 Test 9 Corner drop test 19
18、8.10 Test 10 Shear impact tests 20 8.11 Test 11 Top deck edge impact test .22 8.12 Test 12 Block impact test.24 8.13 Test 13 Static coefficient of friction test.26 8.14 Test 14 Slip angle test 26 9 Test report27 9.1 General information All materials .27 9.2 Information for wooden and wood-based comp
19、osite pallets .28 9.3 Information for plastics pallets 28 9.4 Information for pallets made of other materials.28 Bibliography29 BS EN ISO 8611-1:2012ISO 8611-1:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nation
20、al standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internatio
21、nal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rule
22、s given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at l
23、east 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8611-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
24、51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8611-1:2004), which has been technically revised. ISO 8611 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets: Part 1: Test method
25、s Part 2: Performance requirements and selection of tests Part 3: Maximum working loads BS EN ISO 8611-1:2012ISO 8611-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction The forces to which pallets are exposed during use vary significantly. The test procedures described in this part of ISO 8611 are
26、 approximate simulations of pallet use. These tests help the pallet designer to establish an initial acceptable balance between the cost and the performance of a pallet design. It is intended that all results of tests performed using this protocol be confirmed and verified using field trials before
27、publication of performance or the commercial implementation of a new pallet design. The nominal load, determined according to this test protocol, does not represent a payload and cannot be verified using field trials. The nominal load is a minimum payload level for use in determining maximum working
28、 load according to the procedures in ISO 8611-3. The maximum working load can be verified for a specified payload and intended use, using field trials. It is intended that the publication of the maximum working load include a description of the payload and the intended modes of use of the pallet. It
29、 is essential to exercise care when comparing the results of tests with historic experience using existing pallet designs. User expectations of pallet performance vary. Some require greater and some accept lower levels of performance. Users are accepting different levels of risk when using pallets.
30、Because of the varied performance expectations of pallet users, the results of tests might not always reflect the users perception of pallet performance in use. The nominal load might not reflect users perception of pallet performance because the nominal load does not represent a payload. It is inte
31、nded that maximum working loads be used to compare with the historic performance of existing pallet designs. Regarding the use of the ISO 8611 series, this part of ISO 8611 describes the test methods, ISO 8611-2 describes the performance requirements and selection of tests, and ISO 8611-3 describes
32、tests for determining maximum working loads for known payloads. This part of ISO 8611 and ISO 8611-2 are required for determining nominal load. The nominal load is the lowest safe load value for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding concentrated loads). This pa
33、rt of ISO 8611, ISO 8611-2 and ISO 8611-3 are required for determining maximum working loads for known payloads. The nominal load for the intended use is established by the selection of tests in this part of ISO 8611 and the performance requirement is established from criteria in ISO 8611-2. The fol
34、lowing three types of intended use with specified support conditions are defined: handling of loaded pallets with racking and stacking; handling of loaded pallets without racking; handling of loaded pallets without racking or stacking. To determine the maximum working load through testing given in I
35、SO 8611-3, the deflection under the known payload cannot exceed the limiting deflection (see 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 of ISO 8611-3:2011) established in this part of ISO 8611 and ISO 8611-2. The maximum working load is the greatest payload that a pallet can be permitted to carry in a specific loading and su
36、pport condition. BS EN ISO 8611-1:2012ISO 8611-1:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reservedGuidance is given in Annex A of ISO 8611-3:2011 as to the general effect on performance of different load types and stabilization methods. These can only give guidance as to the likely result from tests with the
37、known payload. Other tests for durability evaluation are specified in this part of ISO 8611. BS EN ISO 8611-1:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8611-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets Part 1: Test methods 1 Scope This part of ISO 8611 specifies the test
38、methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling. The test methods are split into groups for: nominal load testing; maximum working load testing; durability comparison testing. It is not intended to apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting cont
39、ainer that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet. NOTE Specific tests for determining load capacity do not replace the value of conducting field tests on specific pallet designs. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are in
40、dispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary ISO 2244, Packaging Complete, filled tr
41、ansport packages and unit loads Horizontal impact tests ISO 8611-2, Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets Part 2: Performance requirements and selection of tests ISO 12777-1, Methods of test for pallet joints Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fastene
42、rs and staples EN 13183-2, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance method BS EN ISO 8611-1:2012ISO 8611-1:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445 and the
43、 following apply. 3.1 breaking of one component fracture of a structural element which significantly affects the strength, stiffness or functionality of a pallet 3.2 concentrated load load concentrated over an area of less than 50 % of the pallet top deck ISO 445:2008, definition 2.3 3.3 maximum wor
44、king load greatest payload that a pallet is permitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition NOTE 1 This varies according to the type, distribution, arrangement and means of stabilization of the load and the system of support, and can be lower or higher than the nominal load (see ISO 8
45、611-2 and ISO 8611-3). NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.7. 3.4 nominal load R lowest safe load value for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding concentrated loads) NOTE 1 “Specified support conditions” refers to the range of conditions of use in 7.
46、1 of ISO 8611-2:2011. NOTE 2 Nominal load does not represent an actual payload on a pallet in use. The nominal load is used for comparing the performance of different pallets. NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.2. 3.5 payload Q load carried by the pallet in use ISO 445:2008, definition 2
47、.8 NOTE This can be above, identical to or below the nominal load. 3.6 platen solid, rigid surface on a test machine used for applying a load to test a sample pallet 3.7 racking storage of unit loads in drive-in or beam racks with free, unsupported spans ISO 445:2008, definition A.3.1 3.8 safety fac
48、tor ratio of the ultimate load to the nominal load NOTE In ISO 8611 (all parts), this ratio is at least 2,0. BS EN ISO 8611-1:2012ISO 8611-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 33.9 solid load single, compact, rigid, homogeneous load, supported by all the blocks and/or stringers (bearers) of the pa
49、llet NOTE Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.6. 3.10 stacking placing of pallets with unit loads one upon the other without recourse to intermediate shelves or racking NOTE Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition A.2.1. 3.11 stiffness relative deformation of a pallet or component under load NOTE High stiffness means small displacement, deflection or deformation for a given load. 3.12 test load P load applicators, the load board or load box and the applied load itse
