1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 8611-3:2011Pallets for materials handling Flat palletsPart 3: Maximum working loadsBS EN ISO 8611-3:2012BS EN ISO 8611-3:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British
2、 Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 8611-3:2012. It is identical to ISO 8611-3:2011. It supersedes BS ISO 8611-3:2011, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/0/-/11, Packaging Wood.A list of organizations represented on this commi
3、ttee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 76929 0ICS 55.180
4、.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 May 2013 This corrigendum renu
5、mbers BS ISO 8611-3:2011 as BS EN ISO 8611-3:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 8611-3 August 2012 ICS 55.180.20 English Version Pallets for materials handling - Flat pallets - Part 3: Maximum working loads (ISO 8611-3:2011) Palettes pour la manutention - Palettes plates -
6、Partie 3: Charges maximales en service (ISO 8611-3:2011) Paletten fr den Gtertransport - Flachpaletten - Teil 3: Maximale Nutzlasten (ISO 8611-3:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 July 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
7、 the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Stand
8、ard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nati
9、onal standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slo
10、vakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
11、worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 8611-3:2012: EEN ISO 8611-3:2012 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 8611-3:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51 “Pallets for unit load methods of materials handling” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has
12、 been taken over as EN ISO 8611-3:2012 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and c
13、onflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Accor
14、ding to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
15、 Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 8611-3:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 8611-3:2
16、012 without any modification. iiBS EN ISO 8611-3:2012EN ISO 8611-3:2012 (E)BS ISO 8611-3:2011ISO 8611-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Determination of maximum working load with known payl
17、oads .3 4.1 General .3 4.2 Pallets for handling of goods with racking and stacking4 4.3 Pallets for handling of goods with stacking without racking .4 4.4 Pallets for handling without racking or stacking .6 4.5 Determination of maximum working load.6 5 Test report6 Annex A (informative) The effect o
18、f packaging design, pallet stiffness and load stabilizer selection on the deformation of unit loads in warehouse storage racks 7 Bibliography9 BS EN ISO 8611-3:2012ISO 8611-3:2011(E)iiiiiivBS ISO 8611-3:2011ISO 8611-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction The forces to which pallets are
19、 exposed during use vary significantly. The test procedures described in ISO 8611-1 are approximate simulations of pallet use. These tests help the pallet designer to establish an initial acceptable balance between the cost and the performance of a pallet design. It is intended that all results of t
20、ests performed using this protocol be confirmed and verified using field trials before publication of performance or the commercial implementation of a new pallet design. The nominal load, determined according to this test protocol, does not represent a payload and cannot be verified using field tri
21、als. The nominal load is a minimum payload level for use in determining maximum working load according to the procedures in this part of ISO 8611. The maximum working load can be verified for a specified payload and intended use, using field trials. It is intended that the publication of the maximum
22、 working load include a description of the payload and the intended modes of use of the pallet. It is essential to exercise care when comparing the results of tests with historic experience using existing pallet designs. User expectations of pallet performance vary. Some require greater and some acc
23、ept lower levels of performance. Users are accepting different levels of risk when using pallets. Because of the varied performance expectations of pallet users, the results of tests might not always reflect the users perception of pallet performance in use. The nominal load might not reflect users
24、perception of pallet performance because the nominal load does not represent a payload. It is intended that maximum working loads be used to compare with the historic performance of existing pallet designs. Regarding the use of the ISO 8611 series, ISO 8611-1 describes the test methods, ISO 8611-2 d
25、escribes the performance requirements and selection of tests, and this part of ISO 8611 describes tests for determining maximum working loads for known payloads. ISO 8611-1 and ISO 8611-2 are required for determining nominal load. The nominal load is the lowest safe load value for the specified supp
26、ort conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding concentrated loads). ISO 8611-1, ISO 8611-2 and this part of ISO 8611 are required for determining maximum working loads for known payloads. The nominal load for the intended use is established by the selection of tests in ISO 8611-1 and the
27、 performance requirement is established from criteria in ISO 8611-2. The following three types of intended use with specified support conditions are defined: handling of loaded pallets with racking and stacking; handling of loaded pallets without racking; handling of loaded pallets without racking o
28、r stacking. To determine the maximum working load by testing in this part of ISO 8611, the deflection under the known payload cannot exceed the limiting deflection (see 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4) established in ISO 8611-1 and ISO 8611-2. The maximum working load is the greatest payload that a pallet can be p
29、ermitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition. BS ISO 8611-3:2011ISO 8611-3:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reservedGuidance is given in Annex A as to the general effect on performance of different load types and stabilization methods. These can only give guidance as to the likely res
30、ult from tests with the known payload. Other tests for durability evaluation are specified in ISO 8611-1. BS EN ISO 8611-3:2012ISO 8611-3:2011(E)ivBS ISO 8611-3:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8611-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets Part 3: Maximum wor
31、king loads 1 Scope This part of ISO 8611 specifies the determination of maximum working load for new flat pallets with known payloads in different handling environments. It is not intended to apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically
32、attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refere
33、nced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary ISO 8611-1, Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets Part 1: Test methods ISO 8611-2, Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets Part 2: Performance requirements and selection of tests 3 Terms an
34、d definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445 and the following apply. 3.1 breaking of one component fracture of a structural element which significantly affects the strength, stiffness or functionality of a pallet 3.2 concentrated load load concentrated
35、 over an area of less than 50 % of the pallet top deck ISO 445:2008, definition 2.3 3.3 maximum working load greatest payload that a pallet is permitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition NOTE 1 This varies according to the type, distribution, arrangement and means of stabilization
36、 of the load and the system of support, and can be lower or higher than the nominal load (see ISO 8611-2 and this part of ISO 8611). NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.7. BS EN ISO 8611-3:2012BS ISO 8611-3:2011ISO 8611-3:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved3.4 nominal load R lowest saf
37、e load value for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding concentrated loads) NOTE 1 “Specified support conditions” refers to the range of conditions of use in 7.1 of ISO 8611-2:2011. NOTE 2 Nominal load does not represent an actual payload on a pallet in use. The
38、 nominal load is used for comparing the performance of different pallets. NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.2. 3.5 payload Q load carried by the pallet in use ISO 445:2008, definition 2.8 NOTE This can be above, identical to or below the nominal load. 3.6 platen solid, rigid surface on
39、a test machine used for applying a load to test a sample pallet 3.7 racking storage of unit loads in drive-in or beam racks with free, unsupported spans ISO 445:2008, definition A.3.1 3.8 safety factor ratio of the ultimate load to the nominal load NOTE In ISO 8611 (all parts), this ratio is at leas
40、t 2,0. 3.9 solid load single, compact, rigid, homogeneous load, supported by all the blocks and/or stringers (bearers) of the pallet NOTE Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.6. 3.10 stacking placing of pallets with unit loads one upon the other without recourse to intermediate shelves or racking
41、 NOTE Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition A.2.1. 3.11 stiffness relative deformation of a pallet or component under load NOTE High stiffness means small displacement, deflection or deformation for a given load. 3.12 test load P load applicators, the load board or load box and the applied load itse
42、lf BS EN ISO 8611-3:2012ISO 8611-3:2011(E)BS ISO 8611-3:2011ISO 8611-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 33.13 ultimate load U load at which compression, displacement or deflection is no longer contained, resulting in the destruction of the specimen or breaking of one component, or when displacem
43、ent, deformation or deflection becomes excessive NOTE See Table 1 of ISO 8611-2:2011. 3.14 uniformly distributed bonded load load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck, where the pattern of each single layer changes, so that the packages are interlocked 3.15 uniformly distribu
44、ted unbonded load load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck where the packages are not interlocked, bound or connected 4 Determination of maximum working load with known payloads 4.1 General Conditions of intended use are given in Table 1. Table 1 Conditions of intended use S
45、pecial situation Handling activity Racking and stackingStacking without rackingWithout racking or stacking Conveyor Sling Racking 1baor 7bbForklift 2bc2bc2bcStacking 4bd 4bdTwin track conveyors 5be5beSling under wings 6faBending Bending stiffness test. bAirbag bending Bending stiffness test. cForkli
46、fting Bending stiffness test. dStacking Deck stiffness test. eBottom deck bending Bending stiffness test. fWing pallet bending Bending stiffness test. The test load in tests 1b, 2b, 4b, 5b and 6b shall be the payload. The test load in test 7b shall be the airbag. The maximum working load shall be de
47、termined by the appropriate tests as given in 4.2 to 4.4. Test the pallet in the direction of its intended use. If the pallet is only going to be supported in one direction, then test in that direction. If the pallet is going to be supported in both directions in a rack, or on forks, the weaker dire
48、ction may be determined and used for determining the maximum working load. In order to establish the weakest pallet support direction relative to pallet length or width, whenever conducting tests 1b, 2b and 7b, test one pallet across the length of the pallet and then a second pallet across the width
49、 of the pallet. There is no requirement for further tests on the stronger dimension unless the result is within 15 % of the weaker. BS EN ISO 8611-3:2012ISO 8611-3:2011(E)BS ISO 8611-3:2011ISO 8611-3:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4.2 Pallets for handling of goods with racking and stacking Pallets intended for handling of goods in racking and stacking shall be tested using test 1b (see Figure 1). For the determination of bending stiffness, use test 2b (see Figure 2) for the forklifting test and
