1、BS EN ISO9241-306:2008ICS 13.180; 35.180NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDErgonomics of human-system interactionPart 306: Field assessment methodsfor electronic visual displays (ISO9241-306:2008)This British Standardwas published underthe authority
2、 of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30September 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 54345 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 9241-306:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO9241-306:2008.The UK participation in its prepara
3、tion was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application
4、.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9241-306November 2008ICS 13.180; 35.180English VersionErgonomics of human-system interaction - Part 306: Fieldassessment methods for electronic visual displays (ISO
5、9241-306:2008)Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme - Partie 306:Mthodes dapprciation sur le terrain des crans devisualisation lectroniques (ISO 9241-306:2008)Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 306: Vor-Ort-Bewertungsverfahren fr elektronische optischeAnzeigen (ISO 9241-306:2008)This Eu
6、ropean Standard was approved by CEN on 12 April 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references con
7、cerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own
8、 language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
9、 Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All r
10、ights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-306:2008: EBS EN ISO 9241-306:2008EN ISO 9241-306:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 9241-306:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaborat
11、ion with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be
12、 withdrawn at the latest by May 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulation
13、s, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland
14、s, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9241-306:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9241-306:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 9241-306:2008ISO 9241-306:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights r
15、eserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Preparation for assessment 1 4.1 Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays 1 4.2 Liquid crystal displays (LCD) 2 5 Assessment methods. 3 5.1 Viewing conditions . 3 5.2 Luminance . 5 5.3 S
16、pecial physical environments . 7 5.4 Visual artefacts . 8 5.5 Legibility and readability 11 5.6 Legibility of information coding 13 5.7 Legibility of graphics 14 5.8 Fidelity . 15 6 Other considerations 16 6.1 Isotropic surface. 16 6.2 Anisotropic surfaces 16 6.3 Viewing angle range . 16 6.4 Adjusta
17、bility 16 6.5 Controllability 17 6.6 Luminous environment 17 Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 series. 18 Annex B (informative) Influences on ergonomics parameters of visual displays. 22 Annex C (informative) Unwanted reflections. 25 Annex D (informative) Display output linearization an
18、d evaluation of achromatic ISO/IEC test chart output for eight different ambient light reflections at office work places. 28 Bibliography . 45 BS EN ISO 9241-306:2008ISO 9241-306:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide f
19、ederation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that co
20、mmittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accor
21、dance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requir
22、es approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9241-306 was prepared by Techni
23、cal Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): Part 1: General introduction Part 2: Guidance on task requir
24、ements Part 4: Keyboard requirements Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements Part 6: Guidance on the work environment Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices Part 11: Guidance on usability Part 12: Presentation of information Part 13: User guidance Part 14: Menu dialogues Pa
25、rt 15: Command dialogues Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues Part 17: Form filling dialogues BS EN ISO 9241-306:2008ISO 9241-306:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction: Part 20: Accessibil
26、ity guidelines for information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services Part 110: Dialogue principles Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display requirements Part 302: Terminology
27、for electronic visual displays Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays Part 304: User performance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays Part
28、307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 308: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED) Technical Report Part 309: Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays Technical Report Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices Part 410: De
29、sign criteria for physical input devices Part 920: Guidance on tactile and haptic interactions For the other parts under preparation, see Annex A. BS EN ISO 9241-306:2008ISO 9241-306:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction This part of ISO 9241 is one of a group of standards in the ISO 9
30、241 series that establish requirements for the ergonomic design of electronic visual displays. At the same time, this “300” subseries replaces either partially or fully certain previously published parts of ISO 9241 as well as several other International Standards (see the Forewords of the respectiv
31、e parts for the details). An introduction to the subseries is given by ISO 9241-300. Terms and definitions related to electronic visual displays have been transferred to, and collected in, ISO 9241-302. While the areas previously covered in ISO 9241 and by ISO 13406 remain essentially unchanged, tes
32、t methods and requirements have been updated to account for advances in science and technology. All generic ergonomic requirements have been incorporated into ISO 9241-303. The application of those requirements to different display technologies, application areas and environmental conditions includi
33、ng test methods and pass/fail criteria are specified in ISO 9241-307. Methods for performing formal display measurements to determine display characteristics and verify technical specifications (tests that can be very costly and time-consuming and that are normally performed under rigorous test cond
34、itions with a new device) are given in ISO 9241-305 and ISO 9241-307. In addition, guidance on the design of SED (surface-conduction electron-emitter displays) and OLED (organic light-emitting diode) displays is given in ISO/TR 9241-308 and ISO/TR 9241-309. The overall modular structure of the subse
35、ries will facilitate its revision and amendment, as ongoing technological development enables new forms of display interaction. This part of ISO 9241 is concerned with ergonomic workplace assessment and is aimed at providing a means of assessing whether or not the visual ergonomic requirements speci
36、fied in ISO 9241-303 are satisfied within a specified task setting. The intention is not necessarily to produce a perfect display with optimum visual characteristics, but rather to ensure that the needed qualities to perform the visual task satisfactorily are indeed present. During the lifetime of a
37、 display, the context in which it is used can often vary; “ageing” normally takes place as the display is used and, as a result, the performance of the display may be reduced over time. The lighting conditions under which a display is used often also vary. In actual VDT workstation use, the main erg
38、onomic concerns are the visual task being performed and the input devices being used to accomplish the task. There are several factors that make the performance of a visual task using a VDT different from that in many other non-VDT or paper tasks. These factors are related to the positioning of the
39、various elements needed for performing the visual task. The ergonomic goal is to be able to read the information on the display comfortably, easily, accurately and quickly (where necessary) as when a paper “hardcopy” placed on the work desk is read. One consideration is what might be called the posi
40、tional sensitivity of the screen. If positioned poorly, displays are susceptible to external light sources: these can be reflected back to the viewer and can contribute to reduced legibility of the information on the screen. In more compelling environments, these light sources can give rise to glare
41、. They can come from either natural light from windows or from artificial lighting systems such as overhead mounted luminaries in offices. BS EN ISO 9241-306:2008ISO 9241-306:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved viiGiven the size and dimensions of most displays, a display is typically oriented in a
42、vertical rather than horizontal position. This orientation and position of the information to be read is considerably different than that when a book or paper placed on the desk is read. The line of sight from the eye to the visual task is raised up to 45, giving rise to a quite different visual bac
43、kground, often with a varying luminous background arising from walls and other objects in the environment. These factors can affect the working posture of a user trying to compensate between the line of sight angle to the display needed to be maintained and the distance to the visual task. These and
44、 other considerations demonstrate that the positioning of a display is much more important than the mere positioning of paper or other hardcopy reading materials. They gives rise to the need to be able to adjust the display for orientation and height and to have the flexibility to set up the worksta
45、tion equipment so that the needs of a specific user can be realized. The combination of display, lighting environment and workstation equipment are the basics for an ergonomically well-designed workplace. Unlike most visual task materials, displays are intended to be used for several years. Many oth
46、er kinds of work materials are used only once or a few times, or are renewed or refreshed when visibility is too low or possibly too uncertain (e.g. safety instructions or warnings), or else simply remain unchanged over time. The display assessment methods presented in this part of ISO 9241 do not,
47、in most cases, require expensive measuring equipment and will in general be able to be carried out easily in a working field environment. In conducting these assessments, it ought to be possible to determine whether a problem is related to a) the display itself (or the display in combination with th
48、e graphic adapter), b) the application software, or c) physical environmental conditions. In cases involving a), the display, it is beneficial that the workstation set-up be reviewed to determine whether it meets the suppliers recommendations; if it does not, another assessment will need to be perfo
49、rmed to determine how it can be made to meet them. In cases involving b), the application software, it might be necessary to contact the software developers of the application product in order to ascertain possible corrective action. In cases involving c), conditions in the physical environment, simple re-orientations or the repositioning of the workstation and/or display can be a satisfactory solution; whereas, in more complex situations, arrangements might need to be mad
