1、BRITISH STANDARD Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTS) - Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements The European Standard EN IS0 924141999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.180; 36.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY
2、COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN IS0 9241-5:1999 National foreword direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 July 1999 AmdNo. 0 BSI 07-1999 This British Sandard is the English language version of EN IS0 92414
3、51999. It is identical with IS0 9241451998. It supersedes BS 71795.1990 which is withrawn. Attention is drawn to national annex NA which provides numerical data for use with this part of BS EN IS0 9241. The UK participation in its prepmation was entrusted by Technid Committee PH 35.180 English versi
4、on Ergonomic requirements for off ice work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements (IS0 9241-51 998) Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux crans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 5: Ambnagement du poste de travail et exigences
5、relatives aux postures (IS0 9241-5:1998) Ergonomische Anforderungen fr Brotigkeiten mit Bildschirmgerten - Teil 5: Anforderungen an Arbeitsplatzgestaltung und Krperhaitung (IS0 9241 - 5: 1998) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the C
6、EWCENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to
7、 any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three afficial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central secretariat has the same status as the official versions
8、. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy. Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMlTEE FOR STANDARDEATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE N
9、ORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue da Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels Q 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN IS0 9241-51999 E Foreword The text of the International Standard from Tech
10、nical Committee ISOiTC 159 “Ergonomics“ of the Intemational Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by CEN/CS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the late
11、st by September 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1999. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republ
12、ic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0 924 1-5: 1998 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without an
13、y modification. NOTE: Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative). a I NTE R N AT1 O N AL STANDARD IS0 9241 -5 First edition 1998- 10-01 Ergonomic requirements for off ice work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requi
14、rements Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux a crans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 5: Amnagement du poste de travail et exigences relatives aux postures Reference num ber IS0 9241 -5: 1 998(E) STQ-BSI BS EN IS9 72G1-5-EKGL 1777 W Lb29btI 0709015 IhT EN IS0 9241-5:1999 Conte
15、nts Scope . Normative references Definitions Guiding principles 4.1 General considerations . 4.2 Versatility and flexibility 4.3 Fit 4.4 Postural change 4.5 User information . 4.6 Maintainability-adaptability Design requirements and recommendations . 5.1 General . 5.2 Postures . 5.3 Ease of adjustme
16、nt . 5.4 Support surfaces 5.5 Work chair 5.6 Additional support elements . 5.7 Layout of workstations within the work space Conformance . Measurement . 7.1 Support surfaces 7.2 Safety and stability aspects of workstations . Page 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 9 9 11 14 15 16 16 16 17 7.3 Seat height . 17
17、 Descriptors: ergonomics. office machines. computer peripheral equipment. text processing. data terminal equipment. display devices. workplaces. cpecitications. layout. working conditions . ii 7.4 Castors . 17 7.5 Layout of workstations within the workspace 17 Annex A (informative) Anthropometric da
18、ta needed for workstation design and selection 18 Bibliography 25 iii EN IS0 9241-61999 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
19、through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 col
20、lab- orates closely with the International Eiectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Drat International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval
21、 by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard is0 9241 -5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Sub-committee SC 4, Ergonomics of human- system interaction, Working Group WG 3, Control, workplace and environmental requirements. IS0 9241 consists
22、of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): - Part 1: General introduction Part 2: Guidance on task requirements Part 3: Visual display requirements Part 4: Keyboard requirements Part 5: Workstation layout and postural
23、requirements Part 6: Guidance on the wo hand flexion is the movement of the hand in the palmar direction NOTE 3.1 1 gloss the mode of appearance by which reflected highlights of objects are perceived as superimposed on the surface due to the directionally selective properties of that surface Dorsal
24、pertains to the back of the hand, palmar to the palm. Palmar pertains to the palm of the hand. CIE Publ. 17.411 987; IEC 845-04-731 3.12 gloss unit measure for quantifying the gloss of a surface 2 3.1 3 kyphosis convex curvature of the thoracic spine 3.14 intended user population group of human bein
25、gs for which a product or a workstation is designed EXAMPLE Male and female workers of South-East Asian origin aged between 45 and 65 years. 3.1 5 line-of-sight angle the angle between a horizontal line and the visual axis of the eye (the line connecting the point of fixation and the centre of the p
26、upil) 3.1 6 lordosis concave curvature of the spine 3.17 lumbar region of the back between the thorax and the pelvis 3.1 8 popliteal of or pertaining to the back of the knee 3.1 9 posture overall position of the body, or body parts in relation to each other, with respect to the workplace and its com
27、ponents 3.20 reference plane surface designed to support the feet NOTE be used as a reference plane for the calculation of the height of support surfaces. 3.21 static posture adoption of a body position which is fixed over time and where there is muscle contraction without motion If not otherwise in
28、dicated, the reference plane is the ground. Any other levei higher or lower than the ground level may 3.22 task analysis analytical process employed to determine the specific behaviours required of people when operating equipment or doing work NOTE The task analysis is not a risk assessment of the w
29、orkplace according to legal requirements. 3.23 workplace arrangement of workstations allocated to one person to complete a work task 3.24 work space volume of space allocated to one or more persons in the work system to complete a work task 3 EN IS0 9241-6:1999 3.25 worksurace surface on which equip
30、ment and task materials are used 3.26 workstation assembly comprising display equipment with or without a central processing unit, which may be provided with a keyboard andior input device and/or software determining the operator/machine-interface, optional accessories, peripherals and the immediate
31、 work environment 4 Guiding principles 4.1 General considerations Workplace design should be preceded by an analysis of the tasks that it is to support. Such an analysis should give information about the different tasks and sub-tasks which are performed and about the use of related equipment. It sho
32、uld also identify the relative priority given to different information sources within the users task with respect to placement of displays, equipment location and job aids. For example, in many data-entry tasks, viewing of the hard copy has greater priority than viewing of the display. The task anal
33、ysis should include consideration of a) b) major tasks and their inter-relationships: frequency, importance, position of visual objects, duration and type of use of all associated equipment and their interrelationships, (see IS0 9241 -2); the position and use of the hands: implications for posture,
34、reach, and device manipulation by the relative positioning of VDT equipment and task materials, frequency, duration and complexity of movements. For the design and selection of workplaces for VDT office tasks the following five interrelated principles apply: - versatility-flexibility; - fit; - postu
35、ral change; - user information; - maintainability-adaptability. The statements of this clause are intended to provide general principles and guidelines underlying the requirements and recommendations given in Clause 5. 4.2 Versatility and flexibility Workstations should enable the intended user popu
36、lation to perform a range of tasks comfortably and efficiently. In addition, workstation design should be appropriate for the range of tasks to be performed at the workstation, taking into account user characteristics (e.g. keyboard skills, anthropometric variation and user preferences). It should a
37、lso be dependent upon usage times such that the longer the time spent at the VDT, the more important is the observance of good workstation design. 4.3 Fit Selection and design of furniture and equipment requires a fit to be achieved between a range of task requirements and the needs of users. The co
38、ncept of fit concerns the extent to which furniture and equipment (work chairs, work surfaces, visual display units, input devices, etc.) can accommodate individual users needs. Good fit is needed for the intended user population including users sharing workstations and users with special needs, e.g
39、. handicapped persons. Fit can be accomplished by furniture built for a specified use (or user), or be provided in a range of sizes and forms or by adjustability and combinations thereof. 4 STD=BSI BS EN IS0 9Z41-5pENGL 1999 Lb2YbbS 0784023 83b EN IS0 9241-5:1999 Since, except under special circumst
40、ances, workstations cannot be custom-made for individual users, some alternative forms of ensuring a good fit are required. The extent to which the workstation provides a good fit between the requirements of users and their work should be of primary consideration. 4.4 Postural change The workplace o
41、rganization, the task and the furniture should encourage voluntary postural changes. Postures adopted by users and the need for changes in posture are very markedly influenced by work organization and in particular, task requirements. 4.5 User information The users should be informed why and how the
42、 furniture and other devices (e.g. support for the visual display unit) should be adjusted. Where specific skills are required for achieving a comfortable and efficient workplace, for example in adjusting work chair or worksurface heights or finding a satisfactory viewing distance, adequate user inf
43、ormation and training in such skills should be provided. It is desirable that the design of furniture should minimize the need for training and for user information. Guidance and training on the above factors should be given to users to ensure that they are fully acquainted with the design and funct
44、ioning of the workplace and feel competent and confident to use the workplace properly. In particular, training should ensure that users are familiar with the mechanisms of adjustment and how to decide when furniture adjustment for the individual user and task is needed. 4.6 Maintainability-adaptabi
45、lity Requirements for task perormance, in addition to workplace design, should also take into account factors such as maintenance, accessibility, and the ability of the workplace to adapt to changing requirements. Workstation designers should consider that access for maintenance can be accomplished
46、easily and that disruption to ongoing task performance is minimized. Workstation design should also facilitate adaptation of furniture and equipment in response to changing requirements and circumstances. 5 Design requirements and recommendations 5.1 General This clause contains requirements and rec
47、ommendations for the configuration of VDT workstations that will facilitate comfortable and efficient operation. Subclauses 5.2 to 5.7 identify the parameters aimed at accommodating an individual user in terms of performance requirements, body clearance, acceptable and preferred postures and comfort
48、. The main factors in determining appropriate workstation arrangements are seat and worksurface, line-of-sight angle, worksurface and keyboard height, knee clearance, forearm inclination and elbow height. Furniture, equipment, and work environment may be designed for use in the seated or standing po
49、sition and where sitting and standing alternate. Workstations need to be capable of supporting several tasks (screen viewing, keyboard input, non-keyboard input device usage, writing, etc.) and should therefore be designed with such functions in mind. The philosophy taken in this part of IS0 9241 is that work organization, job content and furniture design should encourage user movement. This means that prolonged static sitting posture is minimized and that more or less continuous voluntary adjustments of the posture can be made. 5 5.2 Postures 5.2.1 Design reference
