1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 9241-910:2011Ergonomics of human-systeminteractionPart 910: Framework for tactile and hapticinteraction (ISO 9241-910:2011)BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNatio
2、nal forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO9241-910:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication doe
3、s not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 64205 0ICS 13.180; 35.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authorit
4、y of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 9241-910 July 2011 ICS 13.180; 35.180 English Version Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 910: Framework for tacti
5、le and haptic interaction (ISO 9241-910:2011) Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme - Partie 910: Cadre pour les interactions tactiles et haptiques (ISO 9241-910:2011) Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 910: Rahmen fr die taktile und haptische Interaktion (ISO 9241-910:2011) This Europe
6、an Standard was approved by CEN on 8 July 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concern
7、ing such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into
8、its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland
9、, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
10、B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-910:2011: EBS EN ISO 9241-910:2011EN ISO 9241-910:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 9241-910:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/T
11、C 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2012, and conf
12、licting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According
13、 to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
14、Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9241-910:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9241-910:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 9241-91
15、0:2011ISO 9241-910:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introduction.vii 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions .1 3 Introduction to haptics4 4 Human haptic exploration 5 4.1 Importance of the haptic sense .5 4.2 Haptics and vision.5 4.3 Manual exploration of objects6 4.4 Trai
16、ning in exploratory procedures.6 4.5 The problem of getting an overview of a scene with haptics .7 4.6 Minimum physical stimulation: absolute thresholds 7 4.7 Minimum differences needed for perception7 4.8 Perception of geometric properties of objects.7 4.9 Perception of weight .7 4.10 Perception of
17、 material properties 8 4.11 Number and size of contact surfaces in tactile/haptic devices8 4.12 Summary 8 5 When to use tactile/haptic interactions.9 5.1 General .9 5.2 Accessibility.9 5.3 Desktop interactions .10 5.4 Mobile interactions10 5.5 Robotics .10 5.6 Medical11 5.7 Gaming .11 5.8 Art and cr
18、eativity .12 5.9 Multimodal applications and simulators.12 6 Designing tactile/haptic interactions.13 6.1 Design guidelines for tactile/haptic interaction .13 6.2 Designing tactile/haptic space.14 6.3 Addressability and resolution in tactile/haptic interaction.15 7 User-initiated interactive task pr
19、imitives 17 7.1 General .17 7.2 Searching .17 7.3 Overviewing .17 7.4 Navigating 18 7.5 Targeting 18 7.6 Selection.18 7.7 Manipulation 19 8 Tactile/haptic interaction elements .20 8.1 General .20 8.2 Tactile/haptic functional effects.20 8.3 Tactile/haptic properties of objects.21 8.4 Control element
20、s .23 8.5 Using multi-point-contact interfaces.23 8.6 Combining elements and effects .24 8.7 Distinguishability.24 BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011ISO 9241-910:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reserved9 The range of tactile/haptic interface devices24 9.1 General24 9.2 Selection criteria24 Annex A (informative)
21、 Tactile devices.35 Annex B (informative) Tactile/haptic devices that provide force feedback.39 Annex C (informative) Physiology of haptics.44 Bibliography 50 BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011ISO 9241-910:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) i
22、s a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represe
23、nted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are d
24、rafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
25、Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9241-910 was pre
26、pared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): Part 1: General introduction Part 2: Guidance
27、 on task requirements Part 4: Keyboard requirements Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements Part 6: Guidance on the work environment Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices Part 11: Guidance on usability Part 12: Presentation of information Part 13: User guidance Part 14: Me
28、nu dialogues Part 15: Command dialogues Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues Part 17: Form filling dialogues ISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction: Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for information/communication technology (IC
29、T) equipment and services Part 100: Introduction to standards related to software ergonomics Technical Report Part 110: Dialogue principles BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011ISO 9241-910:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reserved Part 129: Guidance on software individualization Part 143: Forms Part 151: Guidance
30、on World Wide Web user interfaces Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display requirements Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual dis
31、plays Part 304: User performance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 3
32、08: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED) Technical Report Part 309: Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays Technical Report Part 310: Visibility, aesthetics and ergonomics of pixel defects Technical Report Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices Part 410:
33、 Design criteria for physical input devices Part 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices Technical Specifiction Part 420: Selection of physical input devices Part 910: Framework for tactile and haptic interaction Part 920: Guidance on tactile and haptic interactions The foll
34、owing parts are under preparation: Part 154: Interactive voice response (IVR) applications Human-centred design and evaluation methods, optical characteristics of autostereoscopic displays, and requirements, analysis and compliance test methods for the reduction of photosensitive seizures are to for
35、m the subjects of future parts 230, 331 and 391. BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011ISO 9241-910:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved viiIntroduction Tactile and haptic interactions are becoming increasingly important as candidate interaction modalities in computer systems such as special-purpose computing envi
36、ronments (e.g. simulation) and assistive technologies. While considerable research exists, it involves a wide diversity of terms, meanings of terms, viewpoints, software and hardware objects, attributes and interactions. This diversity can lead to serious ergonomic difficulties for both developers a
37、nd users of tactile/haptic interactions. This part of ISO 9241 provides a common set of terms, definitions and descriptions for the various concepts central to the design and use of tactile/haptic interactions. It includes basic guidance (including references to related standards) in the design of t
38、actile/haptic interactions. It also provides an overview of the range of tactile/haptic applications, objects, attributes and interactions. BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9241-910:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Ergonomics of human-system interaction P
39、art 910: Framework for tactile and haptic interaction 1 Scope This part of ISO 9241 provides a framework for understanding and communicating various aspects of tactile/haptic interaction. It defines terms, describes structures and models, and gives explanations related to the other parts of the ISO
40、9241 “900” subseries. It also provides guidance on how various forms of interaction can be applied to a variety of user tasks. It is applicable to all types of interactive systems making use of tactile/haptic devices and interactions. It does not address purely kinaesthetic interactions, such as ges
41、tures, although it might be useful for understanding such interactions. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 haptics, noun sensory and/or motor activity based in the skin, muscles, joints and tendons NOTE Haptics consists of two pa
42、rts: touch and kinaesthesis. 2.2 haptic, adj appertaining to haptics NOTE While there is no difference between haptic and tactile in most dictionary definitions, in the area of haptics, researchers and developers use haptic to include all haptic sensations, while tactile is limited to mechanical sti
43、mulation of the skin. In ISO 9241, the word haptic covers all touch sensations and tactile is used in a more specific manner. Also, both terms can be used together to assist in searches. 2.3 touch sense based on receptors in the skin NOTE Cutaneous receptors are used for the perception of touch. 2.4
44、 cutaneous belonging to the skin NOTE Cutaneous receptors respond to mechanical stimulation and temperature changes. BS EN ISO 9241-910:2011ISO 9241-910:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved2.5 tactile appertaining to touch 2.6 vibrotactile vibration-based stimulation of the skin EXAMPLE A cellular
45、 phone uses vibrotactile stimulation to alert the user. 2.7 kinaesthesis, noun sense and motor activity based in the muscles, joints and tendons NOTE 1 Kinaesthesis includes both input and output. NOTE 2 Receptors in the muscles, joints and tendons are used for the perception of kinaesthesis. NOTE 3
46、 Muscles, tendons and joints are used for motor activity. 2.8 kinaesthetic, adj appertaining to kinaesthesis NOTE 1 Types of kinaesthetic sensation arise from force, movement, position, displacement and joint angle. NOTE 2 Types of kinaesthetic actions include movement, exertion of force and torque,
47、 and achievement of position, displacement and joint angle. NOTE 3 Proprioception refers to the sense of ones own body position and movement. This term is often used interchangeably with kinaesthesis, although the latter is concerned more with motion. The sense of balance, for example, might fall mo
48、re under proprioception than kinaesthesis. 2.9 force feedback force presented to and detected by a user NOTE Although this does not necessarily involve feedback, the term “force feedback” is commonly used in this context. 2.10 perceptual illusion perception that does not correspond to a physical mea
49、surement of the stimulus source 2.11 sensory adaptation change over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus 2.12 (tactile/haptic) spatial masking effect that occurs when a distracter stimulus, which is close to the target stimulus, degrades the perception of the target 2.13 (tactile/haptic) temporal masking effect that occurs when a distracter stimulus, which is presented immediately preceding or following a target stimulus, degrades
