1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Water quality Gross beta activity in non-saline water Test method using thick source (ISO 9697:2015)BS EN ISO 9697:2017EUROPEANSTANDARDNORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9697 June 2017ICS 13.280; 13.060.60EnglishVers
2、ionWater quality - Gross beta activity in non-saline water - Test method using thick source (ISO 9697:2015)Qualit de leau - Activit bta globale des eaux non salines - Mthode dessai par source concentre (ISO 9697:2015)Wasserbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Gesamt-Beta-Aktivitt in nicht-salzhaltigem Wa
3、sser -Dickschichtverfahren (ISO 9697:2015)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 May 2016.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving thisEuropean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.Up-to
4、-date lists and bibliographical referencesconcerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made bytranslatio
5、n under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC ManagementCentre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the nationalstandards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former
6、 Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCO
7、MIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CENnational Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9697:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is t
8、he UK implementation of EN ISO 9697:2017. It is identical to ISO 9697:2015. It supersedes BS ISO 9697:2015, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3/8, Radioactivity measurements methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee
9、 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 91969 5ICS 13.060.60;
10、13.280 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 November 2017 This corri
11、gendum renumbers BS ISO 9697:2015 as BS EN ISO 9697:2017BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 9697:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 9697 June 2017 ICS 13.280; 13.060.60 English Version Water quality - Gross beta activity in non-saline water - Test method using thick source (ISO 9697:
12、2015) Qualit de leau - Activit bta globale des eaux non salines - Mthode dessai par source concentre (ISO 9697:2015) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Gesamt-Beta-Aktivitt in nicht-salzhaltigem Wasser - Dickschichtverfahren (ISO 9697:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 May 201
13、6. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained o
14、n application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENE
15、LEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
16、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Cent
17、re: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 9697:2017 EBS EN ISO 9697:2017EN ISO 9697:2017 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 9697:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committe
18、e ISO/TC 147 “Water quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 9697:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, ei
19、ther by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN
20、and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, C
21、zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the Uni
22、ted Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9697:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9697:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 9697:2017ISO 9697:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Symbols, definitions, and units . 24 Principle 35 Reagents and equipment .
23、 35.1 Reagents 35.2 Equipment . 36 Procedure. 46.1 Sampling . 46.2 Pretreatment . 46.3 Concentration stage 46.4 Sulfation stage . 56.5 Ignition stage 56.6 Source preparation 56.7 Measurement 56.8 Determination of counting background 66.9 Preparation of calibration sources 66.10 Sensitivity and bias
24、66.11 Optimization of the determination 67 Source control . 77.1 Contamination check . 77.2 Potential disequilibrilium of radionuclides . 78 Expression of results 78.1 Calculation of activity concentration . 78.2 Standard uncertainty . 88.3 Decision threshold . 98.4 Detection limit . 98.5 Confidence
25、 limits. 99 Test report 10Annex A (informative) Example of performance criteria 11Bibliography .12 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 9697:2017ISO 9697:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (
26、ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, go
27、vernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maint
28、enance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Atten
29、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction
30、 and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit
31、y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Radioactivity measurements
32、.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9697:2008), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 9697:2017ISO 9697:2015(E)IntroductionRadioactivity from several naturally occurring and anthropogenic sources is present throughout the environment
33、. Thus, water bodies (e.g. surface water, groundwater, seawater) can contain the following radionuclides of natural or human-made origins: natural radionuclides, including potassium-40 and those originating from the thorium and uranium decay series, particularly radium-226, radium-228, uranium-234,
34、uranium-238, and lead-210, can be found in water for natural reasons (e.g. desorption from the soil and wash-off by rain water) or can be released from technological processes involving naturally occurring radioactive materials (e.g. the mining and processing of mineral sands or the production and u
35、se of phosphate fertilizer); human-made radionuclides, such as transuranium elements (americium, plutonium, neptunium, curium), tritium, carbon-14, strontium-90, and some gamma-emitting radionuclides, can also be found in natural waters as a result of authorized routine releases into the environment
36、 in small quantities of the effluent discharged from nuclear fuel cycle facilities. They are also released into the environment following their use in unsealed form for medical and industrial applications. They are also found in the water as a result of past fallout contamination resulting from the
37、explosion in the atmosphere of nuclear devices and accidents such as those that occurred in Chernobyl and Fukushima.Drinking water can thus contain radionuclides at activity concentrations which could present a risk to human health. In order to assess the quality of drinking water (including mineral
38、 waters and spring waters), with respect to its radionuclide content and to provide guidance on reducing health risks by taking measures to decrease radionuclide activity concentrations, water resources (groundwater, river, lake, sea, etc.) and drinking water are monitored for their radioactivity co
39、ntent as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and can be required by some national authorities.An International Standard on a test method for gross beta activity in water samples is justified for test laboratories carrying out these measurements, required sometimes by national authorit
40、ies, as laboratories might have to obtain a specific accreditation for radionuclide measurement in drinking water samples.The screening level for gross beta activity in drinking water, as recommended by WHO, is 1 Bq l1.1If this value is not exceeded, an effective dose of 0,1 mSv year1should not be e
41、xceeded. In case that gross beta screening level is exceeded, it is recommended that the specific radionuclides should be identified and their individual activity concentrations measured. Gross beta measurements based on the evaporation method include a contribution from potassium-40, a naturally oc
42、curring beta emitter in a fixed ratio to stable potassium. If the screening level of 1 Bq l1for gross beta is exceeded, a separate determination of total potassium in water should be performed to subtract the contribution of potassium-40 to beta activity. The factor of 27,6 Bq g1of beta activity to
43、total potassium should be used to calculate the potassium-40 contribution.1NOTE The screening level is determined based on the activity concentration with an intake of 2 l day1of drinking water for 1 year that results in an effective dose of less than 0,1 mSv year1for members of the public, an effec
44、tive dose that represents a very low level of risk that is not expected to give rise to any detectable adverse health effect.This International Standard is one of a set of International Standards on test methods dealing with the measurement of gross activity of radionuclides in water samples. Other
45、related standards include ISO 9696, ISO 10704, and ISO 11704. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 9697:2017BS EN ISO 9697:2017Water quality Gross beta activity in non-saline water Test method using thick sourceWARNING Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal labor
46、atory practice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety issues, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.IMPORTANT It i
47、s absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this International Standard be carried out by suitably trained staff.1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a test method for the determination of gross beta activity concentration in non-saline waters. The method covers non-volatile rad
48、ionuclides with maximum beta energies of approximately 0,3 MeV or higher. Measurement of low energy beta emitters (e.g. 3H, 228Ra, 210Pb, 14C, 35S, and 241Pu) and some gaseous or volatile radionuclides (e.g. radon and radioiodine) might not be included in the gross beta quantification using the test
49、 method described in this International Standard.This test method is applicable to the analysis of raw and drinking waters. The range of application depends on the amount of total soluble salts in the water and on the performance characteristics (background count rate and counting efficiency) of the counter used.It is the laboratorys responsibility to ensure the suitability of this method for the water samples tested.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
