1、BRITISH STANDARD Plastics - Phenolic resins - Classification and test methods The European Standard EN IS0 10082: 1999 has the status of a British Standard ICs 83.080.10 5s EN IS0 .82:2O NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMIITED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN IS0 10082:2000 direction of the Sect
2、or AmdNo. Committee for Materiais and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2000 0 BSI 082000 National foreword Date Comments This British Standard is the English ianguage version of EN Is0 100821999. It is identical with IS0 l8219
3、99. It supersedes BS EN BO 10829996 which is withdram The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRv42, Fbre reinforced thermosetbg plastics and prepregs, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the text; - present to the responsible intedo -
4、monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this commia can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists
5、normative references to intmtiod publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Stan 83.080.1 O Supersedes EN IS0 10082:1995 English version Plastics - Phenolic resins - Classification and test methods (IS0 1 0082: 1 999) Plastiques - Rsines phnoliques - Classification et m
6、thodes dessai (IS0 10082:1999) Kunststoffe - Phenolharze - Grundlagen der Klassifizierung und Prfverfahren (IS0 10082:1999) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 December 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEWCENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the amditions for givin
7、g this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographicai references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versio
8、ns (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offlual versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cze
9、ch Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland. Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, PoRugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Unlted Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMTTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de
10、 Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels Q 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN IS0 10092:1999 E EN IS0 10082:1999 Foreword The text of the International Standard IS0 10082:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISOTTC
11、61 Plastics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEWC 249 “Plastics, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard supersedes EN IS0 10082:1995. This European Standard shall be given thestatus 0f.a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsemen
12、t, at the latest by June 2000, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2000. According to the CENKENELEC Intemal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Rep
13、ublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Noway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the Intemational Standard IS0 10082:1999 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modif
14、ication. . STD-BSI BS EN IS0 LOD82-ENGL 2000 lb24bb7 OBbl770 30T EN IS0 10082:1999 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 10082 Second edition 1 999-1 2-1 5 Plastics - Phenolic resins - Classification and test methods Plastiques - Rsines phnoiiques - Classification et mthodes dessai Reference number i SO 1 0082
15、: 1 999( E) ii . - STD-BSI BS EN IS0 10082-ENGL 2000 Lb24bb9 OBbL772 182 EN IS0 10082:1999 Contents Page Foreword . iv 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 Scope 1 Normative reference 1 Basis of classification of phenolic resins . 1 General 1 Raw materials . 2 Types of phenolic resin . 2 Form
16、s of commercial product 3 Degree of condensation 3 Catalysts and hardeners . 3 Test methods 4 Numerical list . 4 Alphabetical list . 5 Description of test methods . 6 . 111 EN IS0 10082:1999 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national stand
17、ards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International orga
18、nizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take patt in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of elecrotechnical standardization. Intemational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
19、 the ISOAEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility tha
20、t some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. IS0 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IS0 10082 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC i 2, Thermosetting mat
21、erials. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 10082:1991) and ISO/TR 8244:1988, which have been technically revised. . iv STD-BSI BS EN IS0 10082-ENGL 2000 1b24bbS 0861774 T55 EN IS0 10082:1999 Plastics - Phenolic resins - Classification and test methods 1 Scope This Intern
22、ational Standard gives an overview of the different types of phenolic resin used in the manufacture of thermosetting plastics and a summary of available test methods. Clause 3 defines terms relating to the chemical structure of phenolic resins, their physical state and their degree of condensation o
23、r polycondensation. Clause 4 gives a summary of test methods. These methods apply to the determination of properties which are relevant to the production, processing and use of phenolic resins as described in clause 3. The user should select from the tests those that are appropriate for a particular
24、 application. For a given method, only the standard(s) listed may be used. 2 Normative reference The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisi
25、ons of, this publication do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document
26、 referred to applies. Members of IS0 and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 472:1999, Plastics - Vocabuhy. 3 Basis of classification of phenolic resins This clause defines terms relating to the chemical structure of phenolic resins, their physical state and their
27、degree of condensation or polycondensation for classification purposes in the manufacturing and processing of the resins. The definitions apply to all fields of application of phenolic resins in plastics (see also related definitions in IS0 472). 3.1 General 3.1.1 a) b) The term “phenolic resins“ as
28、 used in this International Standard refers to synthetic resins or modified products obtained by condensation of phenol with aldehydes, particularly formaldehyde; products of the addition of phenols to unsaturated compounds (for example acetylene, terpenes and natural resins). 1) Strictly speaking,
29、these resins are not what are normally regarded as resins for the production of plastics. They are used particularly in certain surface coatings. 1 STD=BSI BS EN IS0 30082-ENGL 2000 = lb24bb9 08bL775 991 EN IS0 10082:1999 NOTE the modifying medium are not regarded as phenolic resins. Resins in which
30、 the original properties are so changed by the modification that they resemble more closely those of 3.1.2 Phenolic resins may be classified in a number of ways, such as by a) the type of raw material (see 3.2); b) the type of resin produced (see 3.3); c) the type of modification (see 3.3.2); d) the
31、 physical form of the commercial product (see 3.4); e) the degree of condensation (see 3.5); i) the type of catalyst used (see 3.6.1); g) the type of hardener used (see 3.6.2). 3.2 Raw materials 3.2.1 Phenols Besides unsubstituted phenol, derivatives of phenol are used for the manufacture of phenoli
32、c resins. These include cresols, xylenols and other alkylphenols (for example p-fert-butylphenol, p-fed-octylphenol and p-fert-nonylphenol), arylphenols (for example phenylphenol and naphthols) and divalent phenols (such as resorcinol and bisphenol A). 3.2.2 Aldehydes The most important aldehyde com
33、ponent is formaldehyde, which is used in various forms, including aqueous solution and solid paraformaldehyde, and also as compounds which give rise to formaldehyde. Other aldehydes (for example acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde and furfural) are employed to a more limited extent, as also are ket
34、ones. 3.3 Types of phenolic resin 3.3.1 Unmodified phenolic resins Unmodified phenolic resins are produced by condensation reactions of phenols with an aldehyde. Depending on factors such as the volume and molar ratio of the raw materials, the reaction conditions and the catalysts employed, two diff
35、erent classes of product are obtained: novolaks and resols. 3.3.1.1 Novolaks (two-step) Novolaks are non-self-curing, soluble, fusible phenolic resins that remain stable when stored. The phenol nuclei are linked primarily by methylene bridges. Novolaks can be made to react further and crosslink by t
36、he addition of hardeners (see 3.6.2); heating is also usually necessary. See also novolak in IS0 472. . 3.3.1.2 Resols (one-step) Resols are soluble, fusible phenolic resins which, in contrast to novolaks, contain methylol groups and methylene- ether and sometimes also methylene-amine bridges. Resol
37、s are self-curing: they crosslink to give insoluble products when heated and/or mixed with catalysts, without addition of further reaction components. Resols are perishable and can be stored for a limited time only. See also resol in IS0 472. 2 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 10082-ENGL 2000 Lb24bb9 OAb177b 828 E
38、N IS0 10082:1999 3.3.2 Modified phenolic resins Phenolic resins can be modified by chemical reaction of the methylol or the phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or by physical dispersion in the modifying agent. Such modified phenolic resins can be either self-curing or non-self- curing, depending on their s
39、tructure. 3.3.3 Phenolic addition resins Phenolic resins can also be produced without condensation with formaldehyde by reaction of phenol with unsaturated hydrocarbons. Examples of these are phenoVacetylene and phenol/terpene resins, which are not always self-curing. 3.4 Forms of commercial product
40、 Phenolic resins are manufactured and used in various forms, such as a) liquids; b) solids, as pelletized, flake, granular or finely powdered products; c) solutions or dispersions in water and/or organic solvents. A so-called “aqueous solution“ (it is not a real aqueous solution) is one that has a w
41、ater content of more than 5 % (m/m) and an organic-solvent content of less than 5 Yo (m/m) (free phenol is not counted as organic solvent). A solvent-containing phenolic resin solution is one that has more than 5 Yo (m/m) of organic solvents. 3.5 Degree of condensation Phenolic resins can be crossli
42、nked by the use of heat and/or hardeners and/or catalysts. They pass through the following transitional stages of condensation: - A-stage: starting state (resol or novolak); liquid or fusible, and soluble in alcohol and acetone; - B-stage: intermediate state (resitol); infusible, but still mouldable
43、 with heat and capable of swelling in alcohol or acetone; - C-stage; final state (resite); infusible, and insoluble in alcohol or acetone. See also A-stage, B-stage, C-stage, resite and resitol in IS0 472. 3.6 Catalysts and hardeners 3.6.1 Catalysts Catalysts accelerate the crosslinking reaction. Bo
44、th acid and basic compounds are suitable for this purpose. 3.6.2 Hardeners (crosslinking agents) Formaldehyde, or compounds that release formaldehyde, for example hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine), can be used as hardeners. Resols and isocyanates can also be used as hardeners. Hardeners are generall
45、y added only to non-self-curing phenolic resins and cure by chemical reaction (three-dimensional crosslinking). 3 4 Test methods 4.1 Numerical list IS0 60: 1 977, Plastics - Determination of apparent density of material that can be poured from a specified funnel. IS0 565:1990, lest sieves - Metal wi
46、re cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet - Nominal sizes of openings. IS0 760:1978, Determination of water - Karl Fischer method (General method). IS0 2555:1989, Plastics - Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions - Determination of apparent viscosity by the Brookfie
47、ld Test method. IS0 281 1-1 :1997, Paints and varnishes - Determination of density - Part 7: Pyknometer method. IS0 31 46:2), Plastics - Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi- crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods. IS0 32
48、1 9:1993, Plastics - Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions - Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate. IS0 3451 -1 :1997, Plastics - Determination of ash - Part 1: General methods. IS0 36751 998, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleu
49、m products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method. IS0 461 0:1977, Plastics - Vinyl chloride homopolymer and copolymer resins - Sieve analysis using air-jet sieve apparatus. IS0 861 8:1995, Plastics - Liquid phenolic resins - Conventional determination of non-volatile matter. IS0 861 9:1995, Plastics - Phenolic resin powder - Determination of flow distance on a heated glass plate. IS0 8974: -3), Plastics - Phenolic resins - Determination of residual phenol content by gas chromatography. IS0 0975:1989, Plastics - Phenolic resins - Determ
