1、BRITISH STANDARD Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles and application of relevant International Standards The European Standard EN IS0 11399:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICs 13.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN IS0 11399:ZOOl
2、Incorporating Amendment No. 1 to BS IS0 11 399: 1995 (renumbers the BS IS0 as BS EN IS0 11 399: 2001) BS EN IS0 11399:ZOOl Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PH9, Applied ergonomics, upon which the following
3、bodies were represented: British Industrial Truck Association British Occupational Hygiene Society British Retail Consortium Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Chemical Industries Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Engineering Employers Federation Ergonomics Society Feder
4、ation of the Electronics industry Furniture Industry Research Association Health and Safety Executive ICE (Ergonomics) Institute of Occupational iUedcine Ministry of Defence Society of Motor Manufactuw-c- and Traders Ltd. The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, th
5、rough subcommittees and p.bnels: British Gas plc British Textile Technology Group Institution of Fire Engineers University of Portsmouth This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Poli
6、cy and Strategy Committee on i5 April 1996 Amendments issued since publication C BCI 29 October 2001 Comments of the European Standard ISBN O 580 25700 2 _- BS EN IS0 11399:2001 National Foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN IS0 11399:ZOOO. It is identical wit
7、h IS0 11399:1995. This British Standard is published under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Board whose Technical Committee PH19 has the responsibility to: - - aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible internationallEuropean committee any enquiries on the int
8、erpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTE. International and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Roa
9、d, London, W4 4AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. - Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages Thi
10、s document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the IS0 title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 19 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. O 29 October
11、2001 1 EN IS0 11399 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM November 2000 ICs 13.180 English version Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles and application of relevant International Standards (IS0 1 1399:1995) Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Principes et application des No
12、rmes internationales pertinentes (IS0 11399:1995) Ergonomie des Umgebungsklimas - Grundstze und Anwendung relevanter Internationaler Normen (IS0 11 399:1995) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 October 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations which
13、 stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standar
14、d exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards
15、 bodies of Austria, Belgium. Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland. Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Noway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDLZATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALIS
16、ATION Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels O 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN IS0 11 399:2000 E EN IS0 I 1399:2000 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISOTT
17、C 159 “Ergonomics“ of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi
18、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2001. The annexes A and B are informative. This standard includes a Bibliography According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standa
19、rds organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. I N T E R NA
20、T I O NA L STANDARD IS0 11399 First edition 1995-1 2-1 5 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles and application of relevant International Standards Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Principes et application des Normes internationales pertinentes Reference number IS0 11399 1995E) EN IS
21、0 11399:2000 Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles _ 2 4 . . . . . . . . . 2 The use of relevant International Standards to assess thermal environments Description of international Standards concerning hot environments 5 ._ _. ._. _
22、 _ _ . . ._ _ . . . . _ 4 6 Description of International Standards concerning moderate thermal environments . 6 7 Description of International Standard concerning cold environments . 6 Description of International Standards concerning skin contact with solid surfaces 7 8 9 Description of supporting
23、and complementary International Standards 8 10 Description of future International Standards . . _ 12 Annexes A Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles of assessment . _. . ._ I3 B Ergonomics of the thermal environment: Future International Standards 17 C Bibliography 19 Il EN IS0 11399:2
24、000 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
25、 a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO. also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all mat
26、ters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 YO of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 139
27、9 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOflC 159, Ergonomics. Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physi- cal environment. Annexes A, B and C of this International Standard are for information only. . 111 EN IS0 11399:2000 Introduction This International Standard is one of a series of standards whic
28、h specify methods of measuring and evaluating hot, moderate or cold thermal en- vironments. It provides the underlying principles behind the assessment of human response to thermal environments in general and, in particular, those used in the development of each International Standard. It also demon
29、strates the relationships between the standards and how they can be used in a complementary way to evaluate the whole range of thermal environments. _ _ EN IS0 11399:2000 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles and application of relevant International Standards 1 Scope The purpose of thi
30、s International Standard is to specify information which will allow the correct, ef- tective and practical use of International Standards concerned with the ergonomics of the thermal en- vironment. This includes: a) a description of each relevant International Stan- dard and the complementary way in
31、 which these standards can be used in the ergonomic assess- ment of thermal environments; b) a description of the underlying principles used in each relevant International Standard; c) a description of the underlying principles con- cerning the ergonomics of the thermal environ- ment. This Internati
32、onal Standard applies to the application of those International Standards listed in clause 2. These standards cover thermal environments over the whole range of ergonomics investigation. The information provided in this International Standard is not sufficient for the assessment of thermal en- viron
33、ments. For that purpose, the appropriate Inter- national Standard should be used (see clause 2). 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the editions i
34、ndicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- cent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- rently v
35、alid Intemational Standards. IS0 7243:1989. Hot environments - Estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature). IS0 7726: 1985, Thermal environments - Instru- ments and methods for measuring physical quantities. IS0 7730: 1994, Moderate thermal envi
36、ronments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort. IS0 7933:1989, Hot environments - Analytical de- termination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate. IS0 8996:1990, Ergonomics - Determination of metabo
37、lic heat production. IS0 9886: 1992, Evaluation of thermal strain by physioiogical measuremen fs. IS0 9920:1995, Ergonomics of the thermal environ- ment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble. IS0 10551 :I 995, Ergonomics of the thermal environ- ment
38、 - Assessment of the influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement scales. ISO/TR 11 079:1993. Evaluation of cold environments - Determination of requisite clothing insulation (IREC). 1 EN IS0 11399:2000 3 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles Ergonomic investigations
39、of thermal environments in- volve an understanding of a number of underlying concepts and principles concerning human response to thermal environments and measurement methods. Of fundamental importance are the basic parameters which describe human thermal environments. These are air temperature, mea
40、n radiant temperature, hu- midity, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic heat production. Other important concepts and terms include human thermoregulation, heat transfer, the heat balance equation, direct, empirical and rational thermal indices, acclimatization, body core and shell temper
41、atures, surface temperature, thermal sensation and thermal comfort, skin wettedness, derived par- ameters, required sweat rate, required clothing insu- lation and others. Many of the above terms are used and some are explained in the relevant International Standards. NOTE 1 A description of the prin
42、ciples underlying the ergonomics of the thermal environment and the use of the above concepts is provided in annex A. 4 The use of relevant international Standards to assess thermal environments 4.1 General International Standards dealing with the ergonomics of the thermal environment can be used in
43、 an inte grated way to allow assessment of human exposure to hot, moderate and cold environments. Guidelines are given in tables 1 and 2 and also described below. 4.2 Hot environments For the assessment of hot environments, IS0 7243 provides a simple, rapid method of assessment based on the wet bulb
44、 globe temperature (WBGT) index. If the WBGT reference values are exceeded or more detailed analysis is required, IS0 7933 provides an analytical method for assessing the environment. if the response of individuals is required, then physic- logical measurements should be made according to IS0 9886.
45、The International Standards described in clause 9 will complement the use of standards for assessing hot environments. 4.3 Moderate environments IS0 7730 allows the calculation of the PMV and PPD and hence the assessment of moderate environ- ments. Average thermal sensation and individual vari- atio
46、n in response can be related to thermal comfort and degree of thermal dissatisfaction. Conditions which would produce (average) thermal comfort can also be determined. Individual responses can also be obtained using subjective measurement according to IS0 10551. Where possible, both International St
47、an- dards should be used in a complementary way to as- sess moderate environments. The International Standards described in clause 9 will support and complement the use of standards for as- sessing moderate environments. 4.4 Cold environments ISOITR 11079 (Technical Report) can be used to as- sess c
48、old environments using IREQ, IREQ, WCI and i,. If IREQ is used to select appropriate clothing for a cold environment, then IS0 9920 can be applied. For the assessment of individuals and specific populations, IS0 9886 will provide guidance on physiological response and IS0 10551 will provide guidance
49、 on subjective measurement. The International Standards described in clause 9 will support and complement the standards for assessing cold environments. 4.5 Contact with solid surfaces When assessing hot, moderate and cold environ- ments, persons may come into contact with solid surfaces. Future International Standards will be avail- able to assess the thermal sensation and degree of damage which may be caused by contact between bare or covered skin and solid surfaces. For individuals and for non-extreme environments, IS0 10551 will provide guidance
