1、BSI Standards PublicationMeasurement of radioactivityin the environment Air:radon-222Part 7: Accumulation method for estimatingsurface exhalation rateBS EN ISO 11665-7:2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 11665-7:2015.It is identical to ISO 11665-7:2012. It s
2、upersedes BS ISO 11665-7:2012which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtainedon request to its secretary.This publication does not purport t
3、o include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 88252 4 ICS 13.040.01; 17.240 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obli
4、gations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2012.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 October 2015 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 11665-7:2012 asBS EN ISO 11665-7:2015.BS EN ISO 11665-7:2015
5、 BRITISH STANDARDEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11665-7 September 2015 ICS 17.240 English Version Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Air: radon-222 - Part 7: Accumulation method for estimating surface exhalation rate (ISO 11665-7:2012) Mesurage de la radioact
6、ivit dans lenvironnement - Air: radon 222 - Partie 7: Mthode destimation du flux surfacique dexhalation par la mthode daccumulation (ISO 11665-7:2012) Ermittlung der Radioaktivitt in der Umwelt - Luft: Radon-222 - Teil 7: Anreicherungsverfahren zur Abschtzung der Oberflchenexhalationsrate (ISO 11665
7、-7:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographic
8、al references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility
9、of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of M
10、acedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION E
11、UROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11665-7:2015 EBS ISO 11665-7:2012ISO 11665-7:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserv
12、ed iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Symbols . 24 Principle of the measurement method for estimating surface exhalation rate 25 Equipment . 46 Accumulation of radon in a container . 56.1 Accu
13、mulation characteristics 56.2 Accumulation duration 57 Sampling 57.1 Sampling objective . 57.2 Sampling characteristics . 57.3 Sampling duration . 67.4 Volume of air sampled 68 Detection method 69 Measurement 69.1 Procedure 69.2 Influence quantities 710 Expression of results . 710.1 Radon surface ex
14、halation rate . 710.2 Standard uncertainty 710.3 Decision threshold and detection limit . 710.4 Limits of the confidence interval . 811 Test report . 8Annex A (informative) Example of a sample results sheet 10Annex B (informative) Estimation of radon surface exhalation rate using a continuous measur
15、ement method 12Annex C (informative) Estimation of radon surface exhalation rate using a spot measurement method 18Bibliography .23EN ISO 11665-7:2015 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 11665-7:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and ra
16、diological protection” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 11665-7:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard sh
17、all be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docume
18、nt may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Au
19、stria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe
20、den, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11665-7:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11665-7:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11665-7:2015EN ISO 11665-7:2015 (E)BS ISO 11665-7:2012ISO 11665-7:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page
21、Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Symbols . 24 Principle of the measurement method for estimating surface exhalation rate 25 Equipment . 46 Accumulation of radon in a container . 56.1 Accumulation characteri
22、stics 56.2 Accumulation duration 57 Sampling 57.1 Sampling objective . 57.2 Sampling characteristics . 57.3 Sampling duration . 67.4 Volume of air sampled 68 Detection method 69 Measurement 69.1 Procedure 69.2 Influence quantities 710 Expression of results . 710.1 Radon surface exhalation rate . 710
23、.2 Standard uncertainty 710.3 Decision threshold and detection limit . 710.4 Limits of the confidence interval . 811 Test report . 8Annex A (informative) Example of a sample results sheet 10Annex B (informative) Estimation of radon surface exhalation rate using a continuous measurement method 12Anne
24、x C (informative) Estimation of radon surface exhalation rate using a spot measurement method 18Bibliography .23BS EN ISO 11665-7:2015ISO 11665-7:2012(E)BS ISO 11665-7:2012ISO 11665-7:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standa
25、rds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organ
26、izations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
27、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % o
28、f the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 11665-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear
29、energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.ISO 11665 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Air: radon-222: Part 1: Origins of radon and its short-lived decay products and ass
30、ociated measurement methods Part 2: Integrated measurement method for determining average potential alpha energy concentration of its short-lived decay products Part 3: Spot measurement method of the potential alpha energy concentration of its short-lived decay products Part 4: Integrated measuremen
31、t method for determining average activity concentration using passive sampling and delayed analysis Part 5: Continuous measurement method of the activity concentration Part 6: Spot measurement method of the activity concentration Part 7: Accumulation method for estimating surface exhalation rate Par
32、t 8: Methodologies for initial and additional investigations in buildingsThe following parts are under preparation: Part 9: Method for determining exhalation rate of dense building materials Part 10: Determination of diffusion coefficient in waterproof materials using activity concentration measurem
33、entiv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 11665-7:2012ISO 11665-7:2012(E)IntroductionRadon isotopes 222, 220 and 219 are radioactive gases produced by the disintegration of radium isotopes 226, 224 and 223, which are decay products of uranium-238, thorium-232 and uranium-235 respectively, and are all
34、 found in the earths crust. Solid elements, also radioactive, followed by stable lead are produced by radon disintegration1.Radon is today considered to be the main source of human exposure to natural radiation. The UNSCEAR (2006) report2suggests that, at the worldwide level, radon accounts for arou
35、nd 52 % of global average exposure to natural radiation. The radiological impact of isotope 222 (48 %) is far more significant than isotope 220 (4 %), while isotope 219 is considered negligible. For this reason, references to radon in this part of ISO 11665 refer only to radon-222.The radon-222 half
36、-life (3,8 days) is long enough for it to migrate from the rock producing it, through the soil, to the air3. The radon atoms in the soil are produced by the disintegration of the radium-226 contained in the mineral grains in the medium. Some of these atoms reach the interstitial spaces between the g
37、rains: this is the phenomenon of emanation. Some of the atoms produced by emanation reach the soils surface by diffusion and convection: this is the phenomenon of exhalation345. These mechanisms are also brought into play in materials (building materials, walls, etc.).The quantity of radon-222 reach
38、ing the open air per unit of time and per unit of surface is called the radon-222 surface exhalation rate and depends on the physical characteristics of the soil and weather conditions. When the ground is covered in snow or a layer of water, or is frozen, this surface exhalation rate can become very
39、 weak.Values of the radon-222 surface exhalation rate observed in France, for example, vary between 1 mBq/m2/s and about 100 mBq/m2/s67. In uranium-bearing ground, radon-222 surface exhalation rates in the order of 50 000 mBq/m2/s can be observed. By way of comparison, the United Nations Scientific
40、Committee estimates the average surface exhalation rate on the surface of the globe at 20 mBq/m2/s8.NOTE The origin of radon-222 and its short-lived decay products in the atmospheric environment and other measurement methods are described generally in ISO 11665-1. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS EN
41、 ISO 11665-7:2015ISO 11665-7:2012(E)BS ISO 11665-7:2012ISO 11665-7:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tec
42、hnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closel
43、y with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft In
44、ternational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document m
45、ay be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 11665-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.ISO 11665 consi
46、sts of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Air: radon-222: Part 1: Origins of radon and its short-lived decay products and associated measurement methods Part 2: Integrated measurement method for determining average potential alpha energy conc
47、entration of its short-lived decay products Part 3: Spot measurement method of the potential alpha energy concentration of its short-lived decay products Part 4: Integrated measurement method for determining average activity concentration using passive sampling and delayed analysis Part 5: Continuou
48、s measurement method of the activity concentration Part 6: Spot measurement method of the activity concentration Part 7: Accumulation method for estimating surface exhalation rate Part 8: Methodologies for initial and additional investigations in buildingsThe following parts are under preparation: P
49、art 9: Method for determining exhalation rate of dense building materials Part 10: Determination of diffusion coefficient in waterproof materials using activity concentration measurementiv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 11665-7:2012ISO 11665-7:2012(E)IntroductionRadon isotopes 222, 220 and 219 are radioactive gases produced by the disintegration of radium isotopes 226, 224 and 223, which are decay products of uranium-238, thorium-232 and uranium-235 respectively, and are all found in the earths crust. Sol
