1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 12947-1:1998 Incorporating corrigendum November 2002 Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 1: Martindale abrasion testing apparatus ICS 59.080.30 BS EN ISO 12947-1:1998 This British Standard was published under the autho
2、rity of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 1999 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 63283 9 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 12947-1:1998. It is identical with ISO 12947-1:1998, incorporating corrigendum November 2002. The four parts of BS EN ISO
3、12947 supersede BS 5690:1991 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by ISO corrigendum November 2002 is indicated in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committe
4、e TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Bri
5、tish Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 June 2008 Implementation of ISO corrigendum November 2002 and alignment of BSI and CEN publication datesEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO12947-1 Decembe
6、r 1998 ICS 59.080.30 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part1: Martindale abrasion testing apparatus (ISO 12947-1:1998) Textiles Dtermination de la rsistance labrasion des toffes par la mthode Martindale
7、 Partie1: Appareillage dessai dabrasion de Martindale (ISO12947-1:1998) Textilien Bestimmung der Scheuerbestndigkeit von textilen Flchengebilden Martindale-Verfahren Teil1: Martindale-Scheuerprfgert (ISO12947-1:1998) This European Standard was approved by CEN on15 December1998. CEN members are bound
8、 to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Cen
9、tral Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as
10、 the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardiz
11、ation Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.No.ENISO12947-1:1998EForeword The text of the International S
12、tandard ISO12947-1:1998 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC38 “Textiles” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by public
13、ation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Eur
14、opean Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UnitedKingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO12947-1:1998 was approved by
15、CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTENormative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative). BS ENISO12947-1:1998 BSI 2008Contents Page Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Principle 2 5 Apparatus 2 6 Auxiliary materials
16、4 7 Assembly and maintenance of the apparatus 5 Annex A (normative) Method for checking the Lissajous figure 9 Annex B (normative) Method for measuring the indentation hardness of foam 10 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publicationswiththeir relevant European publications
17、Inside back cover Bibliography 10 Figure 1 Abrading table 3 Figure 2 Clamping ring 3 Figure 3 Specimen holder spindle 4 Figure 4 Specimen holder body 4 Figure 5 Specimen holder insert 4 Figure 6 Specimen holder nut 4 Figure 7 Assembly specimen holder 6 Figure 8 Domed specimen holder insert 6 Figure
18、9 Testing the specimen holder assembly 7 Figure 10 Parallelism tolerance of specimen holder insert to abrading table 8 Figure A.1 Examples of acceptable and unacceptable Lissajous figures 9 Table 1 Property requirements for wool abradant fabric 5 Table 2 Property requirements for woven wool felt 5 T
19、able 3 Property requirements for polyetherurethane foam 5 Descriptors: Textiles, fabrics, tests, abrasion tests, determination, abrasion resistance, test equipment, specifications. iii BSI 2008 BS EN ISO12947-1:1998blank1 Introduction The choice of method of abrasion testing is established before th
20、e start of the testing and recorded in the test report, since the results of the different methods cannot be compared with each other. The determination of resistance to pilling of fabrics using the Martindale apparatus is given in ISO12945,TextilesDeterminationoffabric propensitytosurfacefuzzingand
21、topilling Part2:ModifiedMartindalemethod. 1 Scope This part of ISO12947 specifies requirements for the Martindale testing apparatus and auxiliary materials for use in the test methods specified in parts2 to4 of ISO12947 for determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics. This part of ISO12947 i
22、s applicable to apparatus for the testing of: a) woven and knitted fabrics; b) pile textiles having a pile height of up to2mm; c) nonwovens. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO129
23、47. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO12947 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Fo
24、r undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 137:1975, Wool Determination of fibre diameter Projection microscope method. ISO 286-2:1988, ISO system of limits and fits
25、 Part2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts. ISO 845:1988, Cellular plastics and rubbers Determination of apparent (bulk) density. ISO 2060:1994, Textiles Yarn from packages Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) Skein method. ISO 2061:1995,
26、Textiles Determination of twist in yarns Direct counting method. ISO 2286-3:1998, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics Determination of roll characteristics Part3: Method for the determination of thickness. ISO 3074:1975, Wool Determination of dichloromethane Soluble matter in combed silver. ISO 3801:
27、1977, Textiles Woven fabrics Determination of mass per unit length and mass per unit area. ISO 5084:1996, Textiles Determination of thickness of textiles and textile products. ISO 7211-2:1984, Textiles Woven Fabrics Construction Methods of analysis Part2:Determination of number of threads per unit l
28、ength. ISO 12947-2:1998, Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part2: Determination of specimen breakdown. ISO 12947-3:1998, Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part3: Determination of mass loss. 3 Defi
29、nitions For the purposes of this part of ISO12947, the following definitions apply. 3.1 abrasion rub one revolution of the two outer drives of the Martindale abrasion tester 3.2 abrasion cycle completion of all the translational abrasion movements tracing a Lissajous figure comprising16 rubs, i.e.16
30、 revolutions of the two outer drives and15 revolutions of the inner drive of the Martindale abrasion tester 3.3 inspection interval number of continuously performed rubs 3.4 Lissajous figure figure created by movement which changes from a circle to gradually narrowing ellipses, until it becomes a st
31、raight line, from which progressively widening ellipses, develop, in a diagonally opposite direction before the pattern is repeated 3.5 work station abrading table BS EN ISO12947-1:1998 BSI 20082 4 Principle The Martindale abrasion tester subjects a circular specimen to a defined load and rubs it ag
32、ainst an abrasive medium (i.estandard fabric) in a translational movement tracing a Lissajous figure. The specimen holder, containing either specimen or abrasive medium depending on which method (ISO12947-2, ISO12947-3 or ISO12947-4) is being used, is additionally freely rotatable around its own axi
33、s perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The specimen is subjected to abrasive wear for a predetermined number of rubs. The number of abrasion rubs making up the inspection interval depends upon the product type and method of assessment. 5 Apparatus 5.1 General The test apparatus consists of a basep
34、late on which are mounted the abrading tables and drive mechanism. The drive mechanism consists of two outer drives and an inner drive which cause the specimen holder guide plate to trace a Lissajous figure (see Annex A). NOTEThe Martindale apparatus does not generate a perfect Lissajous motion. The
35、 specimen holder guide plate is moved horizontally by the drive mechanism in such a way that every point of the guide plate describes the same Lissajous figure. The specimen holder guide plate is fitted with bearing housings and low friction bearings which carry the specimen holder guide spindles. T
36、he lower end of each specimen holder spindle is inserted into each corresponding specimen holder body. On the upper end of the spindle, loading pieces can be fitted. The specimen holder consists of a body, insert and nut. The apparatus is fitted with a pre-settable counting device which counts each
37、revolution of one of the outer drives. 5.2 Drive and base plate attachments 5.2.1 Drive The drive shall be arranged so that the heated exhaust air from the motor ventilation cannot reach the abraded surface. The movement of the specimen holders takes place by means of: a) two outer synchronised driv
38、e units, in which: the distance of the axis of the drive units from their central axis is(30,25 0,25)mm; the rotational frequency of the outer drive units is(47,5 2,5)min 1 ; b) an inner drive unit, in which: the distance of the axis of the drive unit from its central axis is(30,25 0,25)mm; the rota
39、tional frequency of the drive unit is(44,5 2,4)min 1 . The ratio of the rotation of the outer drive units to that of the inner drive unit shall be16:15, i.e.after16 revolutions of the outer units, the inner unit has carried out15 revolutions and it has returned to the starting position of the Lissaj
40、ous figure. The maximum length of stroke of the specimen holder guide plate in both the longitudinal and transverse directions is(60,5 0,5)mm. 5.2.2 Counter The counter for counting the abrasion rubs shall measure to an accuracy of one rub. 5.2.3 Abrading table Each of the abrading tables consist of
41、 the following elements: a) abrading table (see Figure 1); b) clamping ring (see Figure 2); c) clamping mechanism to fasten the clamping ring; d) pressing weight of mass(2,5 0,5)kg and of diameter(120 10)mm. 5.3 Specimen holder guide plate The specimen holder guide plate is a plate in which three gu
42、ides engage the drive units. These guides interact so as to ensure a uniform, smooth and low vibration movement of the specimen holder guide plate. The specimen holder guide spindles are located in bearing housings secured to the guide plate central to each abrading table. Each bearing housing carri
43、es two bearings. The guide spindles are freely moving and free from play in the bearings (seealso7.2). These essential requirements are fulfilled by bearing housings and bearings in which: a) the overall length of the bearing housing is (31,750 0,127) mm; b) the bearing bore is7,950mm with ISO toler
44、ance field H9, the specimen holder guide spindle to be fitted has a diameter of7,950mm with ISO tolerance field f7 in accordance with ISO286-2. 5.4 Specimen holder The specimen holder assembly consists of the following elements: a) specimen holder spindle (see Figure 3); b) specimen holder body (see
45、 Figure 4); BS EN ISO12947-1:1998 BSI 20083 c) specimen holder insert (see Figure 5); d) specimen holder nut (see Figure 6). The combined mass of these components shall be(198 2)g. The specimen holder assembly (without spindle) is illustrated in Figure 7. The specimen holder shall be made from corro
46、sion-resistant metal. The screws of the specimen holder body and of the specimen holder nut shall be wear-resistant. To provide for the testing of thicker textiles, the distance between the upper edge of the specimen holder body and the lower edge of the mounting for the bearing, shall be(7,5 1)mm.
47、5.5 Loading pieces A small or a large loading piece is added at each of the work stations to the spindle of the specimen holder or assembly for the methods described in ISO12947-2 and ISO12947-3. The sum of the mass of the applied piece and the mass of the specimen holder assembly shall amount to: f
48、or the larger piece:(795 7)g for the smaller piece:(595 7)g and serves to apply a nominal pressure of12kPa and9kPa on the test specimen during the abrasion test. The loading pieces shall fit on the spindle of the specimen holder in such a way that there is no play between the piece and the spindle.
49、Figure 1 Abrading table Figure 2 Clamping ring BS EN ISO12947-1:1998 BSI 20084 6 Auxiliary materials 6.1 Abradant A flat woven wool fabric against which the test specimen is abraded, measuring at least140mm in diameter or length and width, meeting the requirements in Table 1. 6.2 Felt Circles of woven wool felt underlay, meeting the
