1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 12947-4:1998 Incorporating corrigendum November 2002 Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 4: Assessment of appearance change ICS 59.080.30 BS EN ISO 12947-4:1998 This British Standard was published under the authority o
2、f the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 1999 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 62598 5 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 12947-4:1998. It is identical with ISO 12947-4:1998, incorporating corrigendum November 2002. The four parts of BS EN ISO 12947
3、supersede BS 5690:1991 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by ISO corrigendum November 2002 is indicated in the text by The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24
4、, Physical testing of textiles. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Sta
5、ndard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 June 2008 Implementation of ISO corrigendum November 2002 and alignment of BSI and CEN publication datesEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 12947-4 December 1998
6、ICS 59.080.30 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 4: Assessment of appearance change (ISO12947-4:1998) Textiles Dtermination de la rsistance labrasion des toffes par la mthode Martindale Partie 4: Ev
7、aluation du changement daspect (ISO12947-4:1998) Textilien Bestimmung der Scheuerbestndigkeit von textilen Flchengebilden Martindale-Verfahren Teil 4: Beurteilung der Oberflchenvernderung (ISO12947-4:1995) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15December1998. CEN members are bound to comply
8、with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secret
9、ariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offici
10、al versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit
11、 Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12947-4:1998 EBS ENISO12947-4:1998 BSI 2008 ii Foreword The
12、text of the International Standard ISO12947-1:1998has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC38 “Textiles” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national
13、 standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
14、bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UnitedKingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO12
15、947-4:1998was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTENormative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).BS ENISO12947-4:1998 iii BSI 2008 Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Principle 1 5 Apparatus and mater
16、ials 1 6 Conditioning and testing atmosphere 1 7 Sampling and preparation of test specimens 1 8 Abrasion test procedure 2 9 Results 3 10 Test report 3 Annex A (normative) Specimen preparation for specific fabrics 4 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publicationswiththeir rele
17、vant European publications 6 Bibliography 6 Figure A.1 Mounting device for easily stretched fabrics 5 Table 1 Test intervals for surface appearance testing 3 Descriptors: Textiles, fabrics, tests, abrasion tests, determination, abrasion resistance.blankBS ENISO12947-4:1998 BSI 2008 1 Scope This part
18、 of ISO 12947 is applicable to the assessment of the appearance change of specimens covering all textile fabrics including nonwovens and fabrics where the specifier indicates the end performance as having a low abrasion wear life. This method differs appreciably from those in ISO12947-2 and ISO 1294
19、7-3. NOTEFurther introductory comments are given in ISO12947-1. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO12947. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of t
20、hese publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO12947are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to
21、 applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 105-A02:1993, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour. ISO 139:1973, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO 2859-1:, Sampling pr
22、ocedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection 1) . ISO 12947-1:1998, Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 1: Martindale abrasion testing apparatus. 3 Definitions F
23、or the purposes of this part of ISO12947the definitions given in ISO12947-1apply. 4 Principle A circular specimen is subjected to a defined load and rubbed against an abrasive medium (standard fabric) in a translational movement tracing a Lissajous figure. The specimen holder containing the abrasive
24、 medium is additionally freely rotatable around its own axis perpendicular to the plane of the specimen. The evaluation of the abrasion resistance of the textile fabric is determined from assessment of the appearance change. Tests are performed using the mass of the specimen holder and spindle alone
25、 at (198 2)g. The surface change of the test specimen is assessed and compared with an untested specimen of the same fabric, with the option of using two methods: a) abrasion testing to an agreed number of rubs and assessing whether a surface change has occurred; b) abrasion testing to an agreed sur
26、face change and determination of the test interval in which the surface change has been produced. 5 Apparatus and materials The test apparatus and auxiliary materials are specified in ISO12947-1. 6 Conditioning and testing atmosphere 7 Sampling and preparation of test specimens 7.1 General Perform s
27、ampling in accordance with statistical rules (see ISO2859-1). Ensure throughout sampling and specimen preparation that handling imposes the minimum possible tensile stress so as to prevent incorrect extension of the textile fabric. 7.2 Selection of the laboratory sample Select the laboratory sample
28、from a test lot to be representative of properties of the textile fabric. Check the representative nature of sampling from the start or end of a textile fabric. Take the laboratory sample from across the full fabric width. 7.3 Sampling of the test specimens from the laboratory sample Before sampling
29、 the test specimens from the laboratory samples, condition the laboratory samples free from tension, for at least18h on a smooth horizontal surface with free access of air exposed to the standard atmosphere specified in clause6. For woven fabrics, take the specimens so that they each contain differe
30、nt warp and weft threads. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO2859:1989) A standard temperate atmosphere for conditioning and testing textiles shall be used, i.e. a temperature of (20 2) C and a relative humidity of (65 2) % as defined in ISO 139. 1BS ENISO12947-4:1998 2 BSI 2008 Take the test speci
31、mens at least100mm from the edge distributed across the entire laboratory sample. Take a sufficient number of test specimens (at least three) to be in accordance with statistical notes (see7.1). For patterned fabrics or fabrics with textured surface, take care that the test specimens contain all cha
32、racteristic parts of the pattern, ensuring that the parts of the pattern likely to be sensitive to abrasion are contained in the test specimens. 7.4 Dimensions of specimens and auxiliary materials 7.4.1 Dimensions of the test specimens The dimensions of the test specimen shall be at least140mm in di
33、ameter or length and width. 7.4.2 Dimensions of abradant 7.4.3 Dimensions of the test specimen felt substrate The diameter of the test specimen felt substrate 7.4.4 Dimensions of the abradant foam backing The diameter of the abradant foam backing 7.5 Preparation and mounting of the test specimens an
34、d cutting-out and mounting of the auxiliary materials 7.5.1 Preparation Stamp or cut out the test specimens from the laboratory sample. Give particular attention to the clean status of the cut edges to prevent the occurrence of unwanted material loss in subsequent handling. Prepare the auxiliary mat
35、erials in a similar fashion from the available pieces of woven fabric, felt or foam. NOTEThe auxiliary materials may under some circumstances be obtained already prepared to the required dimensions. 7.5.2 Mounting of the specimen Move the specimen holder guide plate to ensure free access to the abra
36、ding tables. Place the felt on the abrading tables and place the test specimen over the felt. Compress the felt and test specimen on the abrading table with a pressing weight having a mass(2,5 0,5) kg and a diameter of(120 10)mm. Fit the clamping ring and secure the felt and test specimen firmly. 7.
37、5.3 Mounting of the abradant Place the specimen holder nut in the mounting device on the machine frame. Place the abradant in the specimen holder nut with wear side downward carefully and centrally. Place the foam backing on the abradant. Place the specimen holder insert in the specimen holder nut,
38、place the specimen holder body over the nut and screw down tightly. 7.6 Useful life of auxiliary materials Renew the abradant and foam backing for every test. Inspect the felt for soiling and wear after every abrasion test. If soiling or detectable wear occur replace the felt. Both sides of the felt
39、 may be used. 7.7 Preparation of the abrasion machine After mounting the test specimens and auxiliary materials place the specimen holder guide plate in position and correctly position the specimen holders and spindles at their respective work stations. 8 Abrasion test procedure Start the abrasion t
40、ester after preselecting the number of rubs according to the relevant test series listed in Table 1 and completing the preparations in accordance with clause7. Continue the test without interruption until the prescribed number of rubs is reached. Depending on the expected number of rubs to reach pre
41、scribed appearance change in the test specimen, use the test interval (rubs) listed in Table 1, assessing the appearance of the specimen at each interval. To assess the appearance, carefully remove the specimen holders with the mounted abradant. Remove the test specimens mounted on the abrading tabl
42、e from the testing machine and assess for surface change. If the prescribed surface change has not yet been established, remount the test specimens and specimen holders and continue testing to the next test interval. Ensure that test specimens and specimen holders are returned to the work stations f
43、rom which they were taken. Continue this test and assessment sequence until the prescribed surface appearance is observed in the test specimens. The result, separately recorded for every test specimen, is the number of rubs at which the prescribed surface appearance had not yet been observed. The ti
44、me interval is thereby determined in which the surface appearance occurs. shall be 140 mm. +5 0 The diameter of the abradant shall be 38,0 mm. 0, 5 0 + shall be 38,0 mm. 0, 5 0 +BS ENISO12947-4:1998 BSI 2008 3 In the event of all test specimens not exhibiting the prescribed effect simultaneously, co
45、ntinue the abrasion test with the remaining test specimens until the last of the test specimens exhibits the prescribed effect. Because the surface appearance of different fabrics may vary, the viewing conditions and surface appearance to be assessed shall be agreed before the start of testing and r
46、ecorded in the test report. Table 1 Test intervals for surface appearance testing 9 Results For each test specimen determine the test interval in which the prescribed surface effect occurs (see clause8). From the individual values calculate the mean and where necessary the confidence limits of the m
47、ean. If required assess shade change in accordance with ISO105-A02. NOTESee ISO 5725 for literature on statistical evaluation or visual examination of textiles using ordinal characteristics. 10 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this part of ISO 1294
48、7, i.e. ISO12947-4; b) specimen constitution, presentation and technical data for the test sample; c) details and test series (see Table 1) of the method used and a description or representation of basis of assessment (e.g. ordinal scale used, standard samples); d) test or assessment results: the co
49、nfidence limits of the mean value if applicable; whether shade change has been assessed (see clause9), if applicable; e) departures from the procedure (e.g.special agreements on the conditions of testing or assessment); f) date of test. Test series Expected number of rubs to reach prescribed surface appearance Test interval (rubs) a u 48 16 then every 8 b 48 u 200 48 then every 16 c 200 100 then ev
