1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 14045:2012Environmental management Eco-efficiency assessment ofproduct systems Principles,requirements and guidelines(ISO 14045:2012)Incorporating corrigendum September 2015BS EN ISO 14045:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implem
2、entation of EN ISO14045:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are respon
3、sible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 91636 6 ICS 13.020.10; 13.020.60Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of th
4、eStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2012.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 September 2015 Implementation of ISO corrected text 15 July2012: Clause B.3.2.2 and B.5.5.2 updated.SES/1/5, Environmental Management - Life cycle tools and techniques.Committee
5、 SES/1, Environmental Management, to SubcommitteeEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14045 May 2012 ICS 13.020.10; 13.020.60 English Version Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO 14045:2012) Managem
6、ent environnemental - valuation de lco-efficacit des systmes de produits - Principes, exigences et lignes directrices (ISO 14045:2012) Umweltmanagement - koeffizienzbewertung von Produktsystemen - Prinzipien, Anforderungen und Leitlinien (ISO 14045:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on
7、 3 May 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be
8、obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to th
9、e CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembo
10、urg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN Al
11、l rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14045:2012: EBS EN ISO 14045:2012EN ISO 14045:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 14045:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207 “Environmental management”. This
12、European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
13、he elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
14、this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerl
15、and, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14045:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14045:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14045:2012ISO 14045:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13
16、 Terms and definitions . 14 General description of eco-efficiency 34.1 Principles of eco-efficiency 34.2 Phases of an eco-efficiency assessment . 44.3 Key features of an eco-efficiency assessment . 55 Methodological framework . 55.1 General requirements . 55.2 Goal and scope definition (including sy
17、stem boundaries, interpretation and limitations) . 55.3 Environmental assessment 75.4 Product system value assessment . 85.5 Quantification of eco-efficiency 95.6 Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis 95.7 Interpretation 96 Reporting and disclosure of results .106.1 General requirements .106.2 Furthe
18、r reporting requirements for comparative eco-efficiency assertion intended to be disclosed to the public .107 Critical review . 117.1 General . 117.2 Critical review by internal or external expert . 117.3 Critical review by panel of interested parties 12Annex A (informative) Examples of functional v
19、alue, monetary value, other values and value indicators .13Annex B (informative) Examples of eco-efficiency assessment14Bibliography .38BS EN ISO 14045:2012ISO 14045:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO me
20、mber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governme
21、ntal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Direc
22、tives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodie
23、s casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 14045 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, S
24、ubcommittee SC 5, Life cycle assessment.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedThis corrected version of ISO 14045:2012 incorporates the following corrections: (page 20) correction of “LCIA” to “LCI” in B.3.2.2, item 5, first bullet, first sentence; (page 37) correction of “Another advantage of A and B.” to
25、 “Another advantage of A and C.” in B.5.5.2, first bullet, third sentence.BS EN ISO 14045:2012ISO 14045:2012(E)IntroductionEco-efficiency assessment is a quantitative management tool which enables the study of life-cycle environmental impacts of a product system along with its product system value f
26、or a stakeholder.Within eco-efficiency assessment, environmental impacts are evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as prescribed by other International Standards (ISO 14040, ISO 14044). Consequently, eco-efficiency assessment shares with LCA many important principles such as life cycle perspec
27、tive, comprehensiveness, functional unit approach, iterative nature, transparency and priority of a scientific approach.The value of the product system may be chosen to reflect, for example, its resource, production, delivery or use efficiency, or a combination of these. The value may be expressed i
28、n monetary terms or other value aspects.The key objectives of this International Standard are to: establish clear terminology and a common methodological framework for eco-efficiency assessment; enable the practical use of eco-efficiency assessment for a wide range of product (including service) sys
29、tems; provide clear guidance on the interpretation of eco-efficiency assessment results; encourage the transparent, accurate and informative reporting of eco-efficiency assessment results. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 14045:2012BS EN ISO 14045:2012Environmental management Eco-efficiency a
30、ssessment of product systems Principles, requirements and guidelines1 ScopeThis International Standard describes the principles, requirements and guidelines for eco-efficiency assessment for product systems, including:a) the goal and scope definition of the eco-efficiency assessment;b) the environme
31、ntal assessment;c) the product system value assessment;d) the quantification of eco-efficiency;e) interpretation (including quality assurance);f) reporting;g) critical review of the eco-efficiency assessment.Requirements, recommendations and guidelines for specific choices of categories of environme
32、ntal impact and values are not included. The intended application of the eco-efficiency assessment is considered during the goal and scope definition phase, but the actual use of the results is outside the scope of this International Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents
33、are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framewo
34、rkISO 14044:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelinesISO 14050:2009, Environmental management Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14050 and the following apply.3.1productany goods or servic
35、eSOURCE: ISO 14021:1999, 3.1.113.2product flowproducts (3.1) entering from or leaving to another product systemSOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.27INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14045:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 14045:2012ISO 14045:2012(E)3.3product systemcollection of unit processes with el
36、ementary and product flows (3.2), performing one or more defined functions, and which models the life cycle of a product (3.1)SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.283.4environmental aspectelement of an organizations activities or products or services that can interact with the environmentNote 1 to entry: A sig
37、nificant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact.SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.63.5environmental performancemeasurable results related to environmental aspects (3.4)3.6eco-efficiencyaspect of sustainability relating the environmental performance (3.5) of a product system
38、(3.3) to its product system value (3.7)3.7product system valueworth or desirability ascribed to a product system (3.3)Note 1 to entry: The product system value may encompass different value aspects, including functional, monetary, aesthetic, etc.3.8product system value indicatornumerical quantity re
39、presenting the product system value (3.7)Note 1 to entry: To express the product system value indicator, various kinds of units such as physical and monetary units or relative gradings and scoring may be used.3.9eco-efficiency indicatormeasure relating environmental performance (3.5) of a product sy
40、stem (3.3) to its product system value (3.7)3.10eco-efficiency profileeco-efficiency (3.6) assessment results relating the life cycle impact assessment results to the product system value (3.7) assessment results3.11weighting factorfactor derived from a weighting model, which is applied to convert a
41、n assigned life cycle inventory result, a life cycle impact category indicator result, or a product system value indicator to the common unit of the weighting indicator3.12sensitivity analysissystematic procedures for estimating the effects of the choices made regarding methods and data on the outco
42、me of a studySOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.312 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14045:2012ISO 14045:2012(E)3.13uncertainty analysissystematic procedure to quantify the uncertainty in the results of a life cycle inventory analysis and/or product system value assessment due to the cumulative effects
43、of model imprecision, input uncertainty and data variabilityNote 1 to entry: Either ranges or probability distributions are used to determine uncertainty in the results.SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.33, modified “and/or product system value assessment” has been inserted.3.14unit processsmallest element
44、considered in the life cycle inventory analysis or product system value assessment for which input and output data are quantifiedSOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.34, modified “or product system value assessment” has been inserted.3.15critical reviewprocess intended to ensure consistency between an eco-effi
45、ciency (3.6) assessment and the principles and requirements of the International Standards on eco-efficiency assessmentSOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.45, modified “Life cycle assessment” has been replaced by “eco-efficiency assessment”.3.16comparative eco-efficiency assertionclaim in eco-efficiency (3.6)
46、 regarding the superiority or equivalence of one product (3.1) versus a competitors product that performs the same functionNote 1 to entry: This definition does not interpret, change, or subtract from the requirements of ISO 14044 on comparative assertions.4 General description of eco-efficiency4.1
47、Principles of eco-efficiency4.1.1 GeneralThe following principles are fundamental and serve as guidance for decisions relating to both the planning and the conducting of an eco-efficiency assessment.4.1.2 Life cycle perspectiveAn eco-efficiency assessment considers the entire life cycle from raw mat
48、erial extraction and acquisition, through energy and material production and manufacturing, to use and end-of-life treatment and final disposal. Through such a systematic overview and perspective, the shifting of a potential impact between life cycle stages or individual processes can be identified
49、and assessed with a view to an overall eco-efficiency.4.1.3 Iterative approachEco-efficiency assessment is an iterative technique. The individual phases of an eco-efficiency assessment (see Figure 1) use results of the other phases. The iterative approach within and between the phases contributes to the comprehensiveness and consistency of the eco-efficiency assessment and the reported results.4.1.4 TransparencyDue to the inherent complexity in eco-efficiency assessment, transparency is an important guiding princi
