1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 14505-2:2006Incorporating corrigendum August 2007Ergonomics of the thermal environment Evaluation of thermal environments in vehicles Part 2: Determination of equivalent temperatureICS 13.180; 43.020g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g
2、48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 14505-2:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 60114 9
3、National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14505-2:2006. It is identical with ISO 14505-2:2006, incorporating corrigendum August 2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/1, Thermal
4、 environments.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot conf
5、er immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 July 2008 Implementation of ISO corrigendum August 2007, Equation 2 replaced in 4.2EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 14505-2December 2006ICS 13.180; 43.020English VersionErgonomics o
6、f the thermal environment - Evaluation of thermalenvironments in vehicles - Part 2: Determination of equivalenttemperature (ISO 14505-2:2006)Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - valuation desambiances thermiques dans les vhicules - Partie 2:Dtermination de la temprature quivalente (ISO 14505-2:2006)
7、Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - Beurteilung derthermischen Umgebung in Fahrzeugen - Teil 2:Bestimmung der quivalenttemperatur (ISO 14505-2:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulat
8、e the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists i
9、n three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of
10、Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR
11、 STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 14505-2:2006: EForeword This document (EN ISO
12、 14505-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical t
13、ext or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austr
14、ia, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The t
15、ext of ISO 14505-2:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14505-2:2006 without any modifications. BS EN ISO 14505-2:2006iiiContents Page Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Assessment principles. 2 4.1 General description of equivalent temperature. 2 4
16、.2 General determination principle of equivalent temperature 3 5 Specific equivalent temperatures . 4 5.1 General. 4 5.2 Whole body equivalent temperature. 4 5.3 Segmental equivalent temperature. 5 5.4 Directional equivalent temperature. 5 5.5 Omnidirectional equivalent temperature 6 6 Measuring ins
17、truments 7 7 Assessment. 7 7.1 Determination of whole body equivalent temperature 8 7.2 Determination of local equivalent temperature . 8 Annex A (informative) Examples of measuring instruments. 9 Annex B (informative) Characteristics and specifications of measuring instruments . 12 Annex C (informa
18、tive) Calibration and other determinations 18 Annex D (informative) Interpretation of equivalent temperature. 20 Annex E (informative) Examples. 23 Bibliography . 25 BS EN ISO 14505-2:2006blankvIntroduction The interaction of convective, radiative and conductive heat exchange in a vehicle compartmen
19、t is very complex. External thermal loads in combination with the internal heating and ventilation system of the vehicle create a local climate that can vary considerably in space and time. Asymmetric thermal conditions arise and these are often the main cause of complaints of thermal discomfort. In
20、 vehicles without or having a poor heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system (HVAC-system), thermal stress is determined largely by the impact of the ambient climatic conditions on the vehicle compartment. Subjective evaluation is integrative, as the individual combines into one reaction the
21、combined effect of several thermal stimuli. However, it is not sufficiently detailed or accurate for repeated use. Technical measurements provide detailed and accurate information, but require integration in order to predict the thermal effects on humans. Since several climatic factors play a role f
22、or the final heat exchange of a person, an integrated measure of these factors, representing their relative importance, is required. BS EN ISO 14505-2:2006blank1Ergonomics of the thermal environment Evaluation of thermal environments in vehicles Part 2: Determination of equivalent temperature 1 Scop
23、e This part of ISO 14505 provides guidelines for the assessment of the thermal conditions inside a vehicle compartment. It can also be applied to other confined spaces with asymmetric climatic conditions. It is primarily intended for assessment of thermal conditions, when deviations from thermal neu
24、trality are relatively small. Appropriate methodology as given in this part of ISO 14505 can be chosen for inclusion in specific performance standards for testing of HVAC-systems for vehicles and similar confined spaces. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for
25、 the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies ISO 13731, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Vocabulary and symbols 3 Terms and definitions For the pu
26、rposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13731 and the following apply. 3.1 equivalent temperature teqtemperature of a homogenous space, with mean radiant temperature equal to air temperature and zero air velocity, in which a person exchanges the same heat loss by convection a
27、nd radiation as in the actual conditions under assessment 3.2 whole body equivalent temperature teq,wholetemperature of an imaginary enclosure with the same temperature in air and on surrounding surfaces and with air velocity equal to zero in which a full-scale, human shaped, heated sensor will exch
28、ange the same dry heat by radiation and convection as in the actual non-uniform environment 3.3 segmental equivalent temperature teq,segmentuniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure with the same temperature in air and on surrounding surfaces and with air velocity equal to zero in which one or m
29、ore selected zones of a thermal manikin will exchange the same dry heat by radiation and convection as in the actual non-uniform environment BS EN ISO 14505-2:20062 3.4 directional equivalent temperature teq,directuniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure with the same temperature in air and on
30、surrounding surfaces and with air velocity equal to zero in which a small flat heated surface will exchange the same dry heat by radiation and convection as in the actual non-uniform environment 3.5 omnidirectional equivalent temperature teq,omniuniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure with the
31、 same temperature in air and on surrounding surfaces and with air velocity equal to zero in which a heated ellipsoid will exchange the same dry heat by radiation and convection as in the actual non-uniform environment 3.6 segment part of a human-shaped sensor, normally corresponding to a real body-p
32、art, consisting of one or several whole zones, for which a segmental equivalent temperature, teq, segment, is presented 3.7 zone physical partition of a manikin, which is independently regulated and within which the surface temperature and heat exchange is measured 3.8 HVAC-system heating, ventilati
33、ng and air-conditioning system of the vehicle and/or cabin 4 Assessment principles The assessment principle is based on the measurement of the equivalent temperature. The equivalent temperature provides a unified, physical measure of the climatic effects on the human dry heat exchange. On the basis
34、of the actual value for, and the variation in, equivalent temperature, it is possible to predict the conditions for heat balance under conditions in or close to the thermoneutral zone. Peoples thermal sensation is primarily influenced by general and local levels and variations in skin surface heat f
35、lux. Values for the equivalent temperature of a defined environment have been found to be closely related to how people perceive thermal conditions when exposed to the same environment. This can be used for the interpretation of the teqvalue and assessment of the quality of the environment. The clim
36、ate is assessed in terms of a total equivalent temperature, which describes the level of thermal neutrality. The climate is also assessed for local effects on defined parts of the human body surface. The local equivalent temperatures determine to what extent the actual body parts fall within the ran
37、ge of acceptable levels of heat loss (local discomfort). 4.1 General description of equivalent temperature The equivalent temperature is a pure physical quantity, that in a physically sound way integrates the independent effects of convection and radiation on human body heat exchange. This relations
38、hip is best described for the overall (whole body) heat exchange. There is limited experience with relations between local dry heat exchange and local equivalent temperature. The standardized definition of teqapplies only for the whole body. Therefore, the definition has to be modified for the purpo
39、ses of this part of ISO 14505. teqdoes not take into account human perception and sensation or other the subjective aspects. However, empirical studies show that teqvalues are well related to the subjective perception of the thermal effect. BS EN ISO 14505-2:200634.2 General determination principle
40、of equivalent temperature Determination of teqis based on equations for convective and radiative heat transfer for clothed persons. Heat exchange by conduction is assumed to be small and accounted for by radiation and convection. rsk r()R ht t= (1) csk a()Cht t= (2) where R is heat exchange by radia
41、tion, in watts per square metre (W/m2); C is heat exchange by convection, in watts per square metre (W/m2); tskis the skin temperature, in degrees Celsius (C); rt is the mean radiant temperature, in degrees Celsius (C); tais the ambient air temperature, in degrees Celsius (C). In practice the equiva
42、lent temperature is determined and defined by eq scalQtth= (3) where tsis the surface temperature; teqis the temperature of the standard environment; Q is the measured convective and radiative heat loss during the actual conditions, QRC=+ (4) hcalis the combined heat transfer coefficient, determined
43、 during calibration in a standard environment. The standard environment comprises homogenous, uniform thermal conditions with ta= rt and air velocity, va, 0 W/m2 Consant tsk + + Consant Q + + Comfort equation + + + Constant temperature mode with 34 C uniform surface temperature Comfort equation mode
44、 if the response time could be shortened Clothing A manikin can be used nude or with clothing. A nude manikin does not determine the same teqas a clothed one. A driver normally wears clothes that are covering the body except hands and head. Therefore, the heat flow and the temperature of the exposed
45、 surface will be more representative with a dressed manikin. The repeatability will be better with a nude manikin. Clothing can vary both regarding fit and Clo value (insulation). The Clo value should be realistic for the situation. Since the purpose of the HVAC is comfort, normal indoor wear can be
46、 used. To minimize errors, the clothing should be “tight fit”. Clothes with “tight fit”: short underwear, light socks, long-sleeved shirt, long trousers and light shoes (0,6 to 0,8 clo or 1,3 clo total) Recovery time The recovery time depends on several factors: regulating principle, the thermal cap
47、acity of the thermal manikin, the insulation etc. Acceptable recovery time depends on the situation. Short recovery time can have a negative impact on the stability. Recovery time 41 zones + total) 0 Total 14 Right upper arm inside 28 Left thigh inner 1 Face left 15 Right upper arm outside 29 Left t
48、high outer 2 Face right 16 Right lower arm upside 30 Left thigh rear 3 Eyes 17 Right lower arm downside 31 Right thigh inner 4 Scalp 18 Right hand outside 32 Right thigh outer 5 Neck 19 Right hand inside 33 Right thigh rear 6 Shoulders front 20 Chest front 34 Left leg front 7 Shoulders back 21 Chest
49、 left 35 Left leg back 8 Left upper arm inside 22 Chest right 36 Right leg front 9 Left upper arm outside 23 Stomach 37 Right leg back 10 Left lower arm upside 24 Crutch 38 Left foot upside 11 Left lower arm downside 25 Upper back 39 Left foot downside 12 Left hand outside 26 Lower back 40 Right foot upside 13 Left hand inside 27 Seat 41 Right foot downside B.3 Instruments for determining directional teqTable B.2 Specification factors related to directional teqFactor Typical values/variations Specification Size of surface The heated surface of an
