1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 14688-1:2002Incorporating corrigenda nos. 1 and 2Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 1: Identification and descriptionThe European Standard EN ISO 14688-1:2002 has the status of a British StandardICS 93.020 BS EN ISO +A1:201
2、3Incorporating corrigenda nos. 1 and 2BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013ISBN 978 0 580 73732 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments14181 Corrigendum No. 116 October 2002 Correction to EN ISO foreword page16930 Corrigendum No. 228 February 2007 Revision of National foreword
3、31 December 2013 Implementation of ISO amendment 1:2013 with CEN endorsement A1:2013: Subclause 5.5, paragraph 1 modifiedThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of th
4、e Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2002 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013. It is identical to ISO 14688-1:2002, incorporating amendment 1
5、:2013. It supersedes BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002, which is withdrawn. It partially supersedes BS 5930:1999+A2:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations repres
6、ented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Figure 1 includes a decision box which suggests that all inorganic low density soils are of volcanic origin. In practice, other low density inorganic soils are possible, such as loess.The grain size definitions given in Table 1 v
7、ary from previous UK practice (as given in BS 5930:1999 and BS 1377:1990) by using a 2,0 mm and 6,3 mm cycle rather than a 2,0 mm and 6,0 mm cycle. This change is to align the grain size definitions with standard sieve sizes. It is noted that there is no effective difference in soil description betw
8、een 6,0 mm and 6,3 mm.The examples given in 4.3.3 include abbreviations for composite soils. The use of the abbreviations is not usual in UK practice where the defining terms are spelt out in full. The terms “very” or “slightly” used to describe the secondary fraction are defined in BS 5930:1999.In
9、5.14 a set of descriptive terms are used to describe consistency. The terminology used is the same as that given in BS 5930:1999, except that in BS 5930:1999 they also had quantitatively defined boundaries. These numerical definitions are no longer available and so the descriptions cannot be checked
10、 by the use of field or laboratory tests.The publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISC
11、HE NORMEN ISO 14688-1August 2002ICS 93.020English versionGeotechnical investigation and testing - Identification andclassification of soil - Part 1: Identification and description (ISO14688-1:2002)Recherches et essais gotechniques - Identification etclassification des sols - Partie 1: Identification
12、 et description(ISO 14688-1:2002)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date l
13、ists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsi
14、bility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Neth
15、erlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedw
16、orldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 14688-1:2002 EEN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1September 2013CORRECTED 2002-10-02ForewordThis document (EN ISO 14688-1:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC182 “Geotechnics“ in collaborationwith Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “GeotechnicalInvest
17、igation and Testing“, the secretariat ofwhich is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eitherbypublicationof an identical text orbyendorsement, at the latest by February 2003, and conflicting nationalstandards shall bewithdrawn at the latest by February
18、 2003.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizationsofthe following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, No
19、rway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and theUnited Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 14688-1:2002 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14688-1:2002withoutany modifications.EN ISO 146881:2002BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Foreword to amendment A1EN ISO 14688-1:20
20、02/A1:2013 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN ISO 14688-1:2002/A1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182“Geotechnics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing” the secretariat of which is held by ELOT.This Amendment to the European St
21、andard EN ISO 14688:2002 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2014.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
22、he elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement t
23、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slova
24、kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 14688-1:2002/Amd 1:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14688-1:2002/A1:2013without any modification.INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO14688-1First edition2002-08-15Reference numberISO14688-1:2002(E)G
25、eotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soilPart1:Identification and descriptionRecherches et essais gotechniques I dentification et classification des sols Partie 1: Identification et descriptionEN ISO 146881:2002BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A
26、1:2013EN ISO 146881:2002iiBS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies).The work of preparing International Standards isnormally carried out through I
27、SO technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison withISO,alsotakepart in the work. ISO collaboratesclosely
28、with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part3.Draft International Standards adopted bythe technical committees are circulated to the me
29、mberbodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval byat least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO14688 may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for ident
30、ifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO14688-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC182, Geotechnics,Subcommittee SC1,Geotechnical investigation and testing.ISO14688 consists of the following parts,under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing Identifica
31、tion and classification of soil: Part 1: Identification and description Part 2: Classification principles and quantification of descriptive characteristicsEN ISO 146881:2002iiiBS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Geotechnical investigation and testing I dentification and classifi
32、cation of soilPart1:Identification and description1ScopeThis part of ISO14688, togetherwith ISO14688-2, establishes the basic principles for the identification andclassification of soilson the basis of those material and mass characteristics most commonly used for soilsforengineering purposes.The re
33、levant characteristics mayvary and therefore,for particular projects or materials, moredetailed subdivisions of the descriptive and classification terms may be appropriate.The general identification and description of soils is based on a flexible system for immediate (field) use byexperienced person
34、s, covering both material and mass characteristics by visual and manual techniques.Details are given of the individual characteristics for identifying soilsand the descriptive terms inregularuse,including those related to the results of tests from the field.Thispart of ISO14688 is applicable to natu
35、ral soils in situ, similar man-made materials in situ and soils redepositedby man. The identification and description of rocks is covered by ISO14689.The identification and classification of soil for pedological purposes, as well as in the framework of measurements forsoil protection and for remedia
36、tion of contaminated areas, is covered by ISO11259.2Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference inthistext, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO14688. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo
37、 not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO14688 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applyingthemost recent editions of the normative documentsindicatedbelow. Forundated references,the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.Members of ISOand
38、 IEC maintain registers ofcurrently valid International Standards.ISO11259, Soil quality S implified soil descriptionISO14688-2, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2:Classification principles and quantification of descriptive characteristicsISO14689
39、, Geotechnical investigation and testing I dentification and description of rock3Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO14688, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1soilassemblageof mineral particles and/or organicmatter in the form ofadeposit but sometimes of organic origin
40、, whichcan be separated by gentle mechanical means and which includes variable amounts of water and air (andsometimes other gases)EN ISO 146881:20021BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013NOTE1The term is also applied to made ground consisting of replaced natural soil or man-made m
41、aterials exhibiting similarbehaviour, e. g. crushed rock, blast-furnace slag, fly-ash.NOTE2Soils may have rock structuresand textures may exist but soils are usually of lower strength than rocks.3.2identification of soilnaming and descriptionof a soil on the basis of its grading, type of material an
42、d characteristics of mineral and/ororganic constituents and plasticity3.3geological structurevariation in composition including bedding and discontinuities3.4discontinuitiesbedding planes, joints, fissures, faults and shearplanes3.5organic mattermatter consisting of plant and/or animal organic mater
43、ials, and the conversion products of those materials, e.g.humusNOTE Organic matter usually hasa veryhigh watercontent.3.6gradingmeasure of the particle sizes of a soil and theirdistribution3.7fractionpart of a soil that can be distinguished on the basis of defined particle sizes3.8plasticityproperty
44、 of a cohesive soil to change its mechanical behaviour with change of watercontent3.9volcanic soilspyroclastic materials produced and formed by explosive volcanic eruption; e.g. pumice, scoria, volcanic ash4Identification of soil4.1GeneralSubclauses4.2 to 4.10 give soilcharacteristics that generally
45、 permit soilto be identified with adequate accuracy forgeneral (orpreliminary) characterization. A more accurate identification and classification based on grading,plasticity or organic content can be achieved by laboratory tests. In addition to identifying soils, the condition in whicha soil isenco
46、untered, any particular secondary constituents, other features of a soil, such ascarbonate content,particle shape, surface roughness of particles, odour, any common names and the geological classification should allbe indicated. For the identification and description, methods and additional tests sh
47、allbe carried out according toclause5. The identification and description of soils generally follows the flow chart in Figure1.EN ISO 146881:20022BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Figure1 Flow chart for the identification and description ofsoilsEN ISO 146881:20023BS EN ISO 146
48、88-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:20134.2Particle sizeParticle size is the fundamental basis for designating mineral soils using particle fractionsto distinguish the soilmechanicalbehaviour. Table1shows the terms to beusedfor each soil fraction andits sub-fractions, together withthe correspond
49、ing chosen range of particle sizes.Basic soils are soils with uniform grading (i.e. they consist of particles of only one size range) as specified in Table1(e.g. gravel Gr, fine sand FSa, coarse silt CSi). The first letter of the abbreviation of the soil fraction is a capital.4.3Composite soils4.3.1 GeneralMost soils are composite and consist of principal and secondary fractions. They are designated by a noun (main
