1、BS EN ISO 14880-1:2016Optics and photonics Microlens arraysPart 1: Vocabulary and general properties(ISO 14880-1:2016)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 14880-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementatio
2、n of EN ISO14880-1:2016. It supersedes BS EN ISO 14880-1:2005 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/172, Optics and Photonics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication
3、does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 83516 2ICS 01.040.31; 31.260Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
4、fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14880-1 August 2016 ICS 01.040.31; 31.260 Supers
5、edes EN ISO 14880-1:2005English Version Optics and photonics - Microlens arrays - Part 1: Vocabulary and general properties (ISO 14880-1:2016) Optique et photonique - Rseaux de microlentilles - Partie 1: Vocabulaire et proprits gnrales (ISO 14880-1:2016) Optik und Photonik - Mikrolinsenarrays - Teil
6、 1: Begriffe und allgemeine Eigenschaften (ISO 14880-1:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 July 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard withou
7、t any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other la
8、nguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denm
9、ark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE
10、 FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14880-1:2016 EBS EN ISO 14
11、880-1:2016EN ISO 14880-1:2016 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 14880-1:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172 “Optics and photonics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14880-1:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 123 “
12、Lasers and photonics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
13、 February 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 14880-1:2005. According to the CEN-CEN
14、ELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, I
15、celand, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14880-1:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14880-1:2016 without any mod
16、ification. BS EN ISO 14880-1:2016ISO 14880-1:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 12.1 Basic definition of microlens and microlens array 12.2 General terms and definitions . 12.3 Terms relating to properties of the microlens array 52.3.1 Geometrical properties 52.3.2
17、Optical properties . 63 Symbols and units of measure 74 Coordinate system 85 Properties of individual lenses 9Annex A (informative) Microlens arrays applications (1) Telecommunications .10Annex B (informative) Microlens arrays applications (2) Image sensor arrays .11Annex C (informative) Microlens a
18、rrays applications (3) LCD projection panels .12Annex D (informative) Microlens arrays applications (4) Wavefront sensors .13Annex E (informative) Microlens arrays applications (5) stereo displays 16Annex F (informative) Microlens arrays applications (6) 3D imaging and light-field cameras 17Bibliogr
19、aphy .19 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 14880-1:2016ISO 14880-1:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carrie
20、d out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS
21、O collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different
22、approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
23、the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
24、Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in
25、 the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 9, Electro-optical systems.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14880-1:2001),
26、 which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigenda ISO 14880-1:2001/Cor 1:2003 and ISO 14880-1:2001/Cor 2:2005.ISO 14880 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and photonics Microlens arrays: Part 1: Vocabulary and general properties Part 2: T
27、est methods for wavefront aberrations Part 3: Test methods for optical properties other than wavefront aberrations Part 4: Test methods for geometrical properties Part 5: Guidance on testingiv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14880-1:2016ISO 14880-1:2016(E)IntroductionThe aim of this part of IS
28、O 14880 is to clarify the terms used in the field of microlens arrays.Microoptics and microlens arrays are found in many modern optical devices.1They are used as coupling optics for detector arrays, the digital camera being an example of a mass market application. They are used to enhance the optica
29、l performance of liquid crystal displays to couple arrays of light sources and to direct illumination for example in 2D and 3D television, mobile phone and portable computer displays. Microlens arrays are used in wavefront sensors for optical metrology and astronomy, lightfield sensors for threedime
30、nsional photography and microscopy and in optical parallel processor elements.Multiple arrays of microlenses can be assembled to form optical systems such as optical condensers, controlled diffusers and superlenses.23Furthermore, arrays of microoptical elements such as micro-prisms and micro-mirrors
31、 are used.45The expanded market in microlens arrays has generated a need to agree on basic terms and definitions for microlens arrays and systems and this part of ISO 14880 aims to satisfy that need. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 14880-1:2016BS EN ISO 14880-1:2016Optics and photonics Micro
32、lens arrays Part 1: Vocabulary and general properties1 ScopeThis part of ISO 14880 defines terms for microlens arrays. It applies to microlens arrays which consist of arrays of very small lenses formed inside or on one or more surfaces of a common substrate and systems. The aim of this part of ISO 1
33、4880 is to improve the compatibility and interchangeability of lens arrays from different suppliers and to enhance the development of technology using microlens arrays.2 Terms and definitions2.1 Basic definition of microlens and microlens array2.1.1microlenslens in an array with an aperture of less
34、than a few millimetres including lenses which work by refraction at the surface, refraction in the bulk of the substrate, diffraction or a combination of theseNote 1 to entry: The microlens can have a variety of aperture shapes: circular, hexagonal or rectangular for example. The surface of the lens
35、 can be flat, convex or concave.2.1.2microlens arrayregular arrangement of microlenses on a single substrateNote 1 to entry: Irregular or structured arrays are sometimes used, for example, in beam shaping, diffusion, and homogenization.2.2 General terms and definitions2.2.1effective front focal leng
36、thfE,fdistance from the vertex of the microlens to the position of the focus given by finding the maximum of the power density distribution when collimated radiation is incident from the back of the substrateNote 1 to entry: The effective front focal length can differ from the paraxial front focal l
37、ength in the case of aberrated lenses.Note 2 to entry: The effective front focal length is different from the classical effective focal length since it is measured from the lens vertex.2.2.2effective back focal lengthfE,bdistance from the back surface of the substrate or the vertex of the microlens
38、to the position of the focal point, when collimated radiation is incident from the lens side of the substrateNote 1 to entry: The effective back focal length can differ from the paraxial back focal length in the case of aberrated lenses.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14880-1:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights
39、reserved 1BS EN ISO 14880-1:2016ISO 14880-1:2016(E)Note 2 to entry: In case the microlens or microlenses are formed on both sides of the substrate, “effective back focal length” is defined from the vertex of the microlens to the position of the focal point.2.2.3radius of curvatureRcdistance from the
40、 vertex of the microlens to the centre of curvature of the lens surfaceNote 1 to entry: The radius of curvature is expressed in millimetres.2.2.4wavefront aberrationrmsroot mean square of deviation of the wavefront from an ideal spherical or other wavefrontNote 1 to entry: The wavefront aberration i
41、s expressed in parts of the wavelength, .a) Microlens with a graded refractive indexb) Surface relief refractive microlensc) Fresnel microlensd) Hybrid microlense) Diffractive binary-optic microlensFigure 1 Five different types of microlens2.2.5.1chromatic aberrationchange of the focal length with w
42、avelengthNote 1 to entry: Chromatic aberration is characterized by the effective Abbe-number, which is given by:2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14880-1:2016ISO 14880-1:2016(E)vfffeff=( ) ( )( )111132where the values of 1, 2and 3are specified in order to correspond to current practice in opti
43、cal lens design; there are no units.Note 2 to entry: At optical wavelengths, the C, D, F lines are generally used as 1 2 3. However, other wavelengths such as the infrared spectrum can be used where appropriate.2.2.5.2achromatic microlens arraymicrolens array designed to limit the effects of chromat
44、ic aberrationNote 1 to entry: Achromatic microlens arrays are generally corrected to bring into focus in the same plane radiation of two wavelengths, for example, red and blue light or infrared wavelengths where appropriate.2.2.6.1aperture shapeshape which is specified as square, circular, hexagonal
45、, circular sector or other geometric shapeNote 1 to entry: For non-regular shapes, the vertices of the microlens aperture are to be defined by coordinates, Xajk, Yajk, where j is the microlens number index and k is the vertex number index.2.2.6.2geometric apertureAgarea in which the optical radiatio
46、n passing through it is deviated towards the focused image and contributes to itNote 1 to entry: For graded index microlenses where no obvious boundary exists, the edge is the focus of points at which the change of index is 10 % of the maximum value.Note 2 to entry: The geometric aperture is express
47、ed in square millimetres.2.2.6.3lens width2a1, 2a2widths of the microlens on the substrate consisting of the geometric aperture of the microlens given by a variety of shapes such as circular, semi-rectangular, elliptical and so onNote 1 to entry: The widths are determined by measuring the longest di
48、stance (2a1) and the shortest distance (2a2) between the lens edges as shown in Figure 2. If the lens is circular symmetric, then the term diameter can be used.Note 2 to entry: Lens widths are expressed in millimetres.2.2.6.4diffraction-limited optical apertureAdarea within which the peak-to-valley
49、wavefront aberrations are less than one quarter of the wavelength of the radiation with which it is testedNote 1 to entry: The diffraction-limited optical aperture is expressed in square millimetres.2.2.6.5geometrical numerical apertureNAgsine of half the angle subtended by the aperture of the lens at the focal point ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 14880-1:2016ISO 14880-1:2016(E)2.2.6.6diffraction-limited numerical apertureNAdsine of half the angle subtended by the diffraction limited optical apertur
