1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 17201-4:2006Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 4: Prediction of projectile soundThe European Standard EN ISO 17201-4:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 95.020; 17.140.20; 97.220.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48
2、g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 17201-4:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 April 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48166 2National
3、forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 17201-4:2006. It is identical with ISO 17201-4:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/1, Acoustics, to Subcommittee EH/1/3, Acoustics Environmental noise, which has the resp
4、onsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “
5、International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with
6、a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international
7、and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 19 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in
8、 this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 17201-4April 2006ICS 95.020; 17.140.20; 97.220.10English VersionAcoustics - Noise from shooting ranges - Part 4: Prediction ofproj
9、ectile sound (ISO 17201-4:2006)Acoustique - Bruit des stands de tir - Partie 4: Estimationdu bruit du projectile (ISO 17201-4:2006)Akustik - Gerusche von Schiepltzen - Teil 4:Bestimmung des Mndungsknalls undGeschossgerusches durch Berechnung (ISO 17201-4:2006)This European Standard was approved by C
10、EN on 23 March 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards ma
11、y be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Centr
12、al Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland
13、, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any me
14、ans reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 17201-4:2006: EForeword This document (EN ISO 17201-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 “Acoustics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 211 “Acoustics“, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This Eur
15、opean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the na
16、tional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
17、Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17201-4:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17201-4:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 17201-4:2006Reference numberISO 17201-4:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO17201-4Firs
18、t edition2006-04-01Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound Acoustique Bruit des stands de tir Partie 4: Estimation du bruit du projectile EN ISO 17201-4:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitio
19、ns. 2 4 Regions 5 5 Source description . 6 5.1 Source point 6 5.2 Source sound exposure level 6 6 Guidelines for calculating sound exposure levels at receiver locations 8 6.1 Basic equation 8 6.2 Calculation of the attenuation terms 8 7 Uncertainty in source description and propagation . 12 Annex A
20、(informative) Derivation of constants and consideration of barrier and other effects 13 Annex B (informative) Guidance on prediction uncertainty 17 Bibliography . 19 EN ISO 17201-4:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standard
21、s bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiz
22、ations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
23、the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % o
24、f the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17201-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoust
25、ics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. ISO 17201 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges: Part 1: Determination of muzzle blast by measurement Part 2: Estimation of muzzle blast and projectile sound by calculation Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound T
26、he following parts are under preparation: Part 3: Guidelines for sound propagation calculation Part 5: Noise management The initiative to prepare a standard on impulse noise from shooting ranges was taken by AFEMS, the Association of European Manufacturers of Sporting Ammunition, in April 1996, by t
27、he submission of a formal proposal to CEN. After consultation in CEN in 1998, CEN/TC 211, Acoustics, asked ISO/TC 43/SC 1, Noise, to prepare the ISO 17201 series. EN ISO 17201-4:2006vIntroduction Shooting sound consists in general of three components: muzzle sound, impact sound and projectile sound.
28、 This part of ISO 17201 deals solely with projectile sound, which only occurs if the projectile moves with supersonic speed. It specifies a method for calculating the source sound exposure level of projectile sound. It also gives guidelines for calculating the propagation of projectile sound as far
29、as it deviates from the propagation of sound from other sources. Projectile sound is described as originating from a certain point on the projectile trajectory, the “source point”. The sound source exposure level is calculated from the geometric properties and the speed of the projectile along the t
30、rajectory. As a result of non-linear effects, the frequency content of the projectile sound exposure depends on the distance from the source point. This is taken into account. Guidance is given on how the sound exposure level can be calculated from the sound exposure level at the receiver location,
31、taking into account geometrical attenuation, attenuation due to the non-linear effects, and atmospheric absorption. In addition, the effects on the sound exposure level of the decrease of the projectile speed and of atmospheric turbulence are taken into account. Projectile sound exposure levels are
32、significant compared to the muzzle sound exposure level in a restricted region, the Mach region (region II see Clause 4). Outside this region only diffracted or scattered projectile sound is received, with considerably lower levels than in the Mach region. Projectile sound behind the Mach region (re
33、gion I) is negligible compared to muzzle sound. In this part of ISO 17201, a computational scheme for the levels in regions II and III is provided. In the bibliographical reference 2, measurements and calculations were compared for a set of calibres and distances, i.e. from the source point to the r
34、eceiver location. For this set, there is a slight tendency of an overestimation of the projectile sound: on average 1,8 dB, A-weighted. EN ISO 17201-4:2006blank1Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound 1 Scope This part of ISO 17201 provides a computational model f
35、or determining the acoustical source level of projectile sound and its one-third-octave-band spectrum, expressed as the sound exposure level for nominal mid-band frequencies from 12,5 Hz to 10 kHz. It also gives guidance on how to use this source level to calculate the sound exposure level at a rece
36、iver position. This part of ISO 17201 is intended for calibres of less than 20 mm, but can also be applied for large calibres. Additionally, the data can be used to compare sound emission from different types of ammunition used with the same weapon. This part of ISO 17201 is meant for weapons used i
37、n civil shooting ranges, but is also applicable to military weapons. The computational method can be used as a basis for environmental noise assessment studies. The prediction method applies to outdoor conditions, straight projectile trajectories, and streamlined projectile shapes. Because of the la
38、tter, it cannot be applied to pellets. Default values of parameters used in this part of ISO 17201 are given for a temperature of 10 C, 80 % relative humidity, and a pressure of 1 013 hPa. Annex A can be used for calculations in other atmospheric conditions. Particularly for calibres (A.5where d(x)
39、is the cross-section diameter of the projectile; x is the distance from the projectile point along the line of symmetry. Using the given formulas, this estimate leads to K = 0,59. A.3 Calculation of f0In the estimation of the source spectrum, a frequency f0is used which is defined by Equation (A.6):
40、 07/4 1/202/4cfrK=(A.6) where r0= 1 m; is the coefficient of non-linearity ( = 1,2); K is a constant depending on the projectile shape (K = 0,59 for streamlined projectiles see 4, 6 and 7, and also A.2). A.4 Consideration of barrier effects and additional effects A.4.1 General The presented model is
41、 described as if projectile sound is stemming from a single point on the trajectory. This description can be used in most cases. But there are situations where it must be taken into account that the whole trajectory, travelled with a projectile speed exceeding the speed of sound, is radiating energy
42、. Most contributions cancel each other out. Only a distinct section of the trajectory contributes energy to the resulting signal at the receiver. This section is situated approximately symmetrically around the source point. Its length is dependant on the distance to the receiver point, the signal le
43、ngth and the velocity of the projectile. EN ISO 17201-4:200615A.4.2 Border region of region II When the source point is either close to the muzzle or to the target such that the contributing section is not fully on the trajectory anymore, a prediction by the model will overestimate the resulting sou
44、nd exposure levels by up to 3 dB. Using a Fresnel zone model, the necessary length on the trajectory around the source point can be calculated. Levels begin to decrease significantly when less than half a Fresnel zone is still free. The necessary source length for half a Fresnel zone can be approxim
45、ated using Equation (A.7): 0,5221cMcTFZrM(A.7) where c is the speed of sound, in metres per second (m/s); M is the Mach number of the projectile at the source point; Tcis the signal length of the impulse Tc= 1/fc, in seconds (s); r is the distance from receiver to the source point, in metres (m). Fi
46、gure A.1 shows the border region of region II for a typical situation (trajectory length: 100 m; vp0= 750 m/s; = 1 s1, Tc= 5104s). Key r distance from the receiver to the source point (m) Y horizontal distance (m) Figure A.1 Border region of region II With very short trajectories and receiver points
47、 in great distances, a receiver can be in the border region of the muzzle as well as in that of the target. In these rare cases, the sound exposures are expected to decrease significantly in relation to the calculated values and the model is no longer applicable. EN ISO 17201-4:200616 A.4.3 Barrier
48、effect When the direct path from the source to the receiver point is blocked by a barrier, the resulting sound exposure level is composed of contributions coming from over the barrier and around the sides of the barrier (see Figure A.2). The shielding effect may be approximated using ISO 9613-2, pro
49、vided that the contribution from the sound coming over the barrier dominates that coming round the sides. To check whether this condition is valid, Equation (A.8) can be used: H120 lg1Dnn+(A.8) where DHis the barrier effect over the barrier, according to ISO 9613-2; n is the number of shielded Fresnel-zones 222(1)clMM cT r l is the shortest distance from the source point to the first unshielded point on the trajectory, either in the shooting or opposite direction, expressed in metres (m); c is the speed of sound,
