1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 18134-1:2015Solid biofuels Determinationof moisture content Ovendry methodPart 1: Total moisture Reference methodBS EN ISO 18134-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 18134-1:2015. It supersedes BS EN 14774
2、-1:2009 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
3、 a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81429 7 ICS 75.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published unde
4、r the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18134-1 September 2015 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN 14774-1:2009English Versio
5、n Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 1: Total moisture - Reference method (ISO 18134-1:2015) Biocarburants solides - Dosage de la teneur en humidit - Mthode de schage ltuve - Partie 1: Humidit totale - Mthode de rfrence (ISO 18134-1:2015) Biogene Festbrennsto
6、ffe - Bestimmung des Wassergehaltes - Ofentrocknung - Teil 1: Gesamtgehalt an Wasser - Referenzverfahren (ISO 18134-1:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 August 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
7、 this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offici
8、al versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of A
9、ustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sw
10、eden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for
11、CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18134-1:2015 EBS EN ISO 18134-1:2015EN ISO 18134-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 18134-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solidbiofuels“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secr
12、etariat ofwhich is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of anidentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2016, and conflicting national standards shallbe withdrawn at the latest by March 2016. Attention is drawn to t
13、he possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patentrights. This document supersedes EN 14774-1:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the E
14、uropean Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of thefollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fi
15、nland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of IS
16、O 18134-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18134-1:2015 without anymodification. BS EN ISO 18134-1:2015ISO 18134-1:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 26 Sample preparation . 26.1 Sample reduction 26.2 Pre-dried test sampl
17、e 26.3 Size of test portion . 27 Procedure. 27.1 Handling of test portion 27.2 Weighing of test portion and correction for buoyancy of trays 38 Calculation 38.1 General . 38.2 Moisture content on a wet basis 38.3 Moisture content for pre-dried material 49 Performance characteristics 410 Test report
18、. 4Bibliography 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18134-1:2015ISO 18134-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normal
19、ly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
20、 work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the d
21、ifferent approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
22、 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/pa
23、tents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO princi
24、ples in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.ISO 18134 consists of the following parts under the general title Solid biofuels Methods for the determination of moistu
25、re content Oven dry method: Part 1: Total moisture Reference method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sampleiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18134-1:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18134-1:2015(E)Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven
26、 dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method1 ScopeThis part of ISO 18134 describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and may be used when high precision of the determination of moisture content is necessary. The metho
27、d described in this International Standard is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).NOTE The term moisture content, when used with biomass materials, can be misleading since unt
28、reated biomass frequently contains varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which might evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References 2 and 3).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and a
29、re indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptionsEN 147801), Solid biofuels Sample pr
30、eparationEN 147782), Solid biofuels Sampling3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.3.1nominal top sizeaperture size of the sieve where at least 95 % by mass of the material passesSOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, definitio
31、n 4.137, modified3.2test sampleoriginal sample sent to the laboratory for analysis3.3test portionsample extracted from the test sample and used during the analysis1) To be replaced by ISO 14780.2) To be replaced by ISO 18135. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18134-1:2015ISO 18134-1:2015(E)4 P
32、rincipleThe test portion of solid biofuel shall be dried at a temperature of 105 C in air atmosphere until constant mass is achieved and the percentage moisture shall be calculated from the loss in mass of the test portion and includes a procedure for correction of the buoyancy effects.5 Apparatus5.
33、1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at a temperature within the range of (105 2) C and in which the air atmosphere changes between three to five times per hour. The air velocity shall be such that the test portion particles are not dislodged from their tray.5.2 Dishes and trays, of non-corrod
34、ible and heat-resistant material and of such dimension that they will hold the total test portion in a layer not exceeding 1 g of material per cm2. The surface of the trays shall be such that the possibility to adsorption/absorption is minimised (very clean and even surface).5.3 Balance, capable of
35、reading to the nearest 0,1 g.6 Sample preparation6.1 Sample reductionTest samples for the determination of total moisture content shall be obtained in accordance with ISO 18135 and shall be received in the laboratory in sealed air-tight containers or bags. A test portion shall be prepared in accorda
36、nce with ISO 14780 and the nominal top size reduced to below 31,5 mm.6.2 Pre-dried test sampleDuring the course of its preparation, the test sample might have been pre-dried (see ISO 14780) in which case, Formula (2) detailed in 8.3 shall be used to calculate the total moisture content.WARNING Dried
37、 solid biofuels are hygroscopic. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that moisture is not lost during preparation of the test portion. Significant losses of moisture from test portion will occur after a few minutes in room atmosphere.6.3 Size of test portionThe mass of the test portion shall have a
38、 minimum mass of 300 g.NOTE For fine particulate solid biofuels (e.g. sawdust and fuel powder), the test portion can be reduced to 200 g or 100 g, respectively, if using a balance capable of reading to the nearest 0,01 g.7 Procedure7.1 Handling of test portionWeigh an empty and clean drying tray to
39、the nearest 0,1 g.Transfer the test portion from the package (container or bag) in which it is delivered to the empty and clean drying tray and spread the material evenly, not to exceed 1 cm2of surface area per 1 g of material. In case moisture remains on the inside surfaces of the package, shake th
40、e package to allow the material to re-absorb the moisture prior to emptying the package.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18134-1:2015ISO 18134-1:2015(E)7.2 Weighing of test portion and correction for buoyancy of traysWeigh the tray with the test portion to the nearest 0,1 g before heating.Wei
41、gh an identical empty and clean tray (reference tray) to the nearest 0,1 g before heating.NOTE 1 A reference tray is included in the procedure for the purpose of correction of buoyancy. The weight of a tray when still hot is less than the weight of the cold tray due to buoyancy. The magnitude of the
42、 buoyancy effect depends on the size and the weight of the tray.Thereafter, place the tray with the test portion together with the reference tray in the temperature controlled oven at (105 2) C. Heat the trays until constant mass has been achieved. Constant mass is defined as a change not exceeding
43、0,2 % absolute of the initial mass of the test portion during a heating period of 60 min. The drying time required will depend on particle size of the material, rate of atmospheric change in the oven, and thickness of the layer of material.Remove the two trays from the oven and weigh each when they
44、are still hot to the nearest 0,1 g within 10 s to 15 s in order to avoid absorption of moisture. Use heat-insulating material on the balance pan to avoid direct contact with the hot tray.NOTE 2 The required drying time can be determined in pre-tests on similar fuel types with comparable particle siz
45、e.Do not overload the drying oven. The space above the trays and between the trays shall allow free flow of air and moisture.To prevent unnecessary losses of volatile compounds, generally, the drying time should not exceed 24 h.The moisture content determination shall be conducted in duplicate.8 Cal
46、culation8.1 GeneralThe total moisture content shall be calculated on a wet basis in accordance with Formula (1) detailed in 8.2. The determination of moisture content for pre-died test sample is detailed in 8.3. The result shall be reported on a wet basis and reported in accordance with Clause 10.8.
47、2 Moisture content on a wet basisThe moisture content, Mar, of the test portion, as received, expressed as a percentage by mass, shall be calculated in accordance with Formula (1):Mmm mmmmar=()()()23 4521100 (1)wherem1is the mass of the empty tray used for the test portion, in g;m2is the mass of the
48、 tray and test portion before drying (weight in room temp), in g;m3is the mass of the tray and test portion after drying (weight when still hot), in g;m4is the mass of the reference tray before drying (weight at room temp), in g;m5is the mass of the reference tray after drying (weight when still hot
49、), in g.The result shall be calculated to two decimal places and the mean value of both determinations shall be rounded to the nearest 0,1 % for reporting. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 18134-1:2015ISO 18134-1:2015(E)8.3 Moisture content for pre-dried materialIf the test sample has been pre-dried before this moisture determination (according to 6.2), the total moisture, MT, expressed as a percentage by mass is given by Formula (2):MMMx MTprp=+ ()1 100 (2)whereMpis the moisture loss of pre-dryin
