1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 18134-3:2015Solid biofuels Determinationof moisture content Ovendry methodPart 3: Moisture in general analysis sampleBS EN ISO 18134-3:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO18134-3:2015. It supersedes BS EN 14
2、774-3:2009, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions
3、of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81432 7ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under
4、the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18134-3 September 2015 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 14774-3:2009English Version Solid biofuels - Determination o
5、f moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample (ISO 18134-3:2015) Biocombustibles solides - Mthode de dtermination de la teneur en humidit - Mthode de schage ltuve - Partie 3: Humidit de lchantillon pour analyse gnrale (ISO 18134-3:2015) Biogene Festbrennstoffe -
6、Bestimmung des Wassergehaltes - Ofentrocknung - Teil 3: Wassergehalt in allgemeinen Analysenproben (ISO 18134-3:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 August 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
7、 European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official ve
8、rsions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austri
9、a, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
10、 Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN na
11、tional Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18134-3:2015 EBS EN ISO 18134-3:2015EN ISO 18134-3:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 18134-3:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretari
12、at of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2016. Attention is drawn to the
13、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14774-3:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the E
14、uropean Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
15、 Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text
16、 of ISO 18134-3:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18134-3:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 18134-3:2015ISO 18134-3:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 26 Sample preparation . 26.1 General . 26.2 Size of test portion
17、 . 37 Procedure. 38 Calculation 39 Performance characteristics 49.1 Repeatability . 49.2 Reproducibility . 410 Test report . 4Bibliography 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18134-3:2015ISO 18134-3:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wor
18、ldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
19、 that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this d
20、ocument and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Direc
21、tives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the develop
22、ment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO spe
23、cific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuel
24、s.ISO 18134 consists of the following parts under the general title Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method: Part 1: Total moisture Reference method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sampleiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 1
25、8134-3:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18134-3:2015(E)Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample1 ScopeThis part of ISO 18134 describes the method of determining the moisture in the analysis test sample by drying in an oven. It is inte
26、nded to be used for general analysis samples in accordance with EN 14780. The method described in this part of ISO 18134 is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).Since biofuels
27、in small particle size are very hygroscopic, their moisture content will change with humidity in the atmosphere and therefore, the moisture of the test portion is determined simultaneously with determination of for example calorific value, carbon content, and nitrogen content.NOTE The term moisture
28、content when used with biomass materials can be misleading since untreated biomass frequently contains varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate when determining the moisture content by oven drying (see References 1 and 2).2 Normative referencesThe following documents,
29、in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Termino
30、logy, definitions and descriptionsEN 14778,1)Solid Biofuels SamplingEN 14780,2)Solid Biofuels Sample preparationISO 11722, Solid mineral fuels Hard coal Determination of moisture in the general analysis test sample by drying in nitrogen3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the te
31、rms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.3.1nominal top sizeaperture size of the sieve where at least 95 % by mass of the material passesSOURCE: ISO 165591) To be replaced by ISO 18135.2) To be replaced by ISO 14780. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18134-3:2015ISO 18134
32、-3:2015(E)3.2test sampleoriginal sample sent to the laboratory for analysisSOURCE: ISO 165593.3test portionsample extracted from the test sample (3.2) and used during the analysisSOURCE: ISO 165594 PrincipleThe test portion of solid biofuel is dried at a temperature of 105 C in air atmosphere until
33、constant mass is achieved and the percentage moisture is calculated from the loss in mass of the test portion.Automatic equipment such as gravimetric analyzers can be used when the method is validated with biomass reference test samples of selected biomass type. Analysis with such equipment shall fu
34、lfil all the requirements given in Clause 7 regarding sample size, temperature, atmosphere, and weighing accuracy.The analysis sample can be dried in air atmosphere or in nitrogen atmosphere. If the sample material is susceptible to oxidation (at 105 C), drying in nitrogen atmosphere is preferred in
35、 accordance with ISO 11722. The used drying atmosphere should be reported in accordance with Clause 10.5 Apparatus5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at a temperature within the range of (105 2) C and in which the air atmosphere changes between three and five times per hour.The air velocity
36、 shall be such that the test portion particles are not dislodged from their tray.The use of nitrogen atmosphere is detailed in ISO 11722.5.2 Dishes and trays, of non-corrodible and heat-resistant material and of such dimension that they will hold the total test portion in a layer not exceeding 0,2 g
37、 of material per cm2and covered by a well fitted lid. The surface of the trays shall be such that the possibility to adsorption/absorption is minimized (very clean and even surface).5.3 Balance, capable of reading to the nearest 0,1 mg.5.4 Desiccator with desiccant to minimize absorption by the test
38、 portion of moisture from the atmosphere.6 Sample preparation6.1 GeneralTest samples for the determination of total moisture content shall be obtained in accordance with EN 14778 and shall be received in the laboratory in sealed air-tight containers or bags. A test portion shall be prepared in accor
39、dance with EN 14780 and the nominal top size reduced to below 1 mm.WARNING Dried solid biofuels are hygroscopic. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that moisture is not lost during preparation of the test portion. Significant losses of moisture from test portion will occur after a few minutes in r
40、oom atmosphere.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18134-3:2015ISO 18134-3:2015(E)Before commencing the determination, mix the analysis sample in its container, preferably by mechanical means, to ensure a well-mixed sample.6.2 Size of test portionThe mass of the test portion shall have a minimum
41、 mass of 1 g.7 ProcedureDry an empty weighing dish with its lid at (105 2) C until constant in mass and cool it to room temperature in a desiccator (5.4).NOTE Several dishes can be handled at the same time.Weigh the weighing dish with its lid to the nearest 0,1 mg.Add minimum 1 g of the test portion
42、 into the weighing dish in an even layer and weigh the weighing dish with its lid plus the test portion to the nearest 0,1 mg.Heat the uncovered dish and its lid with the test portion at (105 2) C in the temperature controlled oven until constant mass has been achieved. Constant mass is defined as a
43、 change not exceeding 1 mg in mass during a heating period of 60 min. The drying time required will depend on the particle size of the material, the rate of atmospheric change in the oven, and the thickness of the layer of material. Allow for up to 3 h.Replace the lid immediately upon removal from t
44、he oven. Transfer the dish and its contents to a desiccator. Let it cool in the desiccator to room temperature.Remove the dish and its lid with the test portion from the desiccator and weigh to the nearest 0,1 mg. Since small particle size biofuels are very hygroscopic, it is important to weigh rapi
45、dly once the test portion taken out of the desiccator.The moisture content determination shall be conducted in duplicate.8 CalculationThe moisture content, Mad, of the test portion, as analysed, expressed as a percentage by mass, shall be calculated in accordance with Formula (1):Mmmmmad=()()2321100
46、 (1)wherem1is the mass in grams of the empty dish plus lid;m2is the mass in grams of the dish plus lid plus test portion before drying;m3is the mass in grams of the dish plus lid plus test portion after drying.The result shall be calculated to two decimal places and the mean value of both determinat
47、ions shall be rounded to the nearest 0,1 % for reporting. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 18134-3:2015ISO 18134-3:2015(E)9 Performance characteristics9.1 RepeatabilityThe result of duplicate determinations, carried out in the same laboratory, by the same operator, with the same apparatus on
48、representative portions weighed out at the same time from the analysis sample, shall not differ more than 0,2 % absolute.9.2 ReproducibilitySince the humidity of the atmosphere and other factors in different laboratories may vary, it is not practical to quote a value regarding reproducibility.10 Tes
49、t reportThe test report shall include at least the following information:a) identification of the laboratory performing the test and the date of the test;b) identification of product (or sample) tested;c) a reference to this part of ISO 18134, i.e. ISO 18134-3;d) results of the test on wet basis (alternatively for all standards: results of the test including the basis in which they are expressed, as indicated in Clause 8);e) any unusual features noted during the determination, which can affect th
