1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 19108:2005 Incorporating corrigendum October 2006 Geographic information Temporal schema ICS 35.240.70; 07.040 BS EN ISO 19108:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 October 2002 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0
2、 580 63715 5 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19108:2005. It is identical with ISO 19108:2002, incorporating corrigendum October 2006. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by ISO cor
3、rigendum October 2006 is indicated in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to inc
4、lude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 15564 1 March 2005 This corrigendum renumbers BS
5、 ISO 19108:2002 as BS EN ISO 19108:2005 31 October 2008 Implementation of ISO corrigendum October 2006EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO19108 January2005 ICS35.240.70 Englishversion GeographicinformationTemporalschema(ISO19108:2002) InformationgographiqueSchmatemporel(ISO 19108:200
6、2) GeoinformationZeitlichesSchema(ISO19108:2002) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon24December2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliograph
7、icalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtothe
8、CentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Sloven
9、ia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO19108:2005
10、:EI NESO 91:8012005 (E) 2 Foreword The text of ISO 19108:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19108:2005 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic
11、Information“, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2005.
12、According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Li
13、thuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19108:2002 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19108:2005 without any modifications. ii BS EN ISO 19108:2005 iiiContents Page Introd
14、uction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance. 1 2.1 Conformance classes and requirements 1 2.2 Application schemas for data transfer 1 2.3 Application schemas for data with operations 1 2.4 Feature catalogues 1 2.5 Metadata element specifications . 1 2.6 Metadata for data sets 1 3 Normative references 1 4 Term
15、s, definitions and abbreviated terms 2 4.1 Terms and definitions. 2 4.2 Abbreviated terms. 6 5 Conceptual schema for temporal aspects of geographic information 6 5.1 Structure of the schema . 6 5.2 Geometry of time. 7 5.2.1 Time as a dimension. 7 5.2.2 Temporal objects. 7 5.2.3 Temporal geometric pr
16、imitives 8 5.2.4 Temporal topological objects 13 5.3 Temporal reference systems . 16 5.3.1 Types of temporal reference systems. 16 5.3.2 Calendars and clocks. 17 5.3.3 Temporal coordinate systems. 19 5.3.4 Ordinal temporal reference systems. 20 5.4 Temporal position. 21 5.4.1 Introduction. 21 5.4.2
17、TM_Position. 21 5.4.3 TM_TemporalPosition. 21 5.4.4 Position referenced to calendar and clock. 23 5.4.5 Position referenced to a temporal coordinate system 23 5.4.6 Position referenced to an ordinal temporal reference system.24 5.5 Time and components of geographic information 24 5.5.1 Temporal aspe
18、cts of geographic information components . 24 5.5.2 Temporal feature attributes 25 5.5.3 Temporal feature operations 26 5.5.4 Time and feature associations. 27 5.5.5 Temporal metadata elements. 29 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 31 A.1 Application schemas for data transfer 31 A.2 Application
19、 schemas for data with operations 31 A.3 Feature catalogues 31 A.4 Metadata element specifications . 32 A.5 Metadata for data sets 32 Annex B (informative) Use of time in application schemas . 33 B.1 Temporal feature attributes 33 B.1.1 TM_GeometricPrimitive as a data type . 33 BS EN ISO 19108:2005i
20、v B.1.2 TM_GeometricPrimitive as a temporal attribute 33 B.1.3 TM_TopologicalComplex as an attribute 34 B.1.4 Recurring attribute values 34 B.2 Temporal feature associations 35 B.2.1 Simple temporal associations 35 B.2.2 Feature succession. 36 B.3 Feature associations with temporal characteristics 3
21、7 Annex C (normative) Describing temporal reference systems in metadata. 38 C.1 Metadata for temporal reference systems 38 Annex D (informative) Description of calendars 41 D.1 Internal structure of calendars. 41 D.2 Describing a calendar. 42 D.3 Examples 43 D.3.1 Julian calendar 43 D.3.2 Modern Jap
22、anese calendar 44 D.3.3 Ancient Babylonian calendar . 45 D.3.4 Global Positioning System calendar. 47 Bibliography 48 BS EN ISO 19108:2005v Introduction This International Standard defines the standard concepts needed to describe the temporal characteristics of geographic information as they are abs
23、tracted from the real world. Temporal characteristics of geographic information include feature attributes, feature operations, feature associations, and metadata elements that take a value in the temporal domain. The widespread application of computers and geographic information systems has led to
24、the increased analysis of geospatial data within multiple disciplines. Geographic information is not confined to a three-dimensional spatial domain. Many geographic information systems require data with temporal characteristics. A standardized conceptual schema for temporal characteristics will incr
25、ease the ability of geographic information to be used for certain types of applications such as simulations and predictive modelling. As a fundamental physical reality, time is of interest to the whole range of scientific and technical disciplines. Many of the concepts described in this Internationa
26、l Standard are applicable outside of the field of geographic information. ISO/TC 211 does not intend to develop independent standards for the description of time, but the technical committee believes that it is necessary to standardize the way to describe the temporal characteristics of geographic d
27、ata sets and features. Geographic information system and software developers and users of geographic information will use this schema to provide consistently understandable temporal data structures. Historically, temporal characteristics of features have been treated as thematic feature attributes.
28、For example, a feature “Building“ may have an attribute “date of construction“. However, there is increasing interest in describing the behaviour of features as a function of time. This can be supported to a limited extent when time is treated independently of space. For example, the path followed b
29、y a moving object can be represented as a set of features called “way point“, each of which is represented as a point and has an attribute that provides the time at which the object was at that spatial position. Behaviour in time may be described more easily if the temporal dimension is combined wit
30、h the spatial dimensions, so that a feature can be represented as a spatiotemporal object. For example, the path of a moving object could be represented as a curve described by coordinates in x, y and t. This International Standard has been prepared in order to standardize the use of time in feature
31、 attributes. Although it does not describe feature geometry in terms of a combination of spatial and temporal coordinates, it has been written to establish a basis for doing so in a future standard within the ISO 19100 series. BS EN ISO 19108:2005blank 1Geographic information Temporal schema 1 Scope
32、 This International Standard defines concepts for describing temporal characteristics of geographic information. It depends upon existing information technology standards for the interchange of temporal information. It provides a basis for defining temporal feature attributes, feature operations, an
33、d feature associations, and for defining the temporal aspects of metadata about geographic information. Since this International Standard is concerned with the temporal characteristics of geographic information as they are abstracted from the real world, it emphasizes valid time rather than transact
34、ion time. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance classes and requirements This International Standard defines five conformance classes, which depend upon the nature of the test item. 2.2 Application schemas for data transfer To conform to this International Standard, an application schema for data transfer s
35、hall satisfy the requirements of A.1 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. 2.3 Application schemas for data with operations To conform to this International Standard, an application schema that supports operations on data shall satisfy the requirements of A.2 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A.
36、2.4 Feature catalogues To conform to this International Standard, a feature catalogue shall satisfy the requirements of A.3 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. 2.5 Metadata element specifications To conform to this International Standard, a metadata specification shall satisfy the requirements of
37、 A.4 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. 2.6 Metadata for data sets To conform to this International Standard, metadata for a data set shall satisfy the requirements of A.5 of the Abstract Test Suite in annex A. 3 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, th
38、rough reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these BS EN ISO 19108:20052 publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to inv
39、estigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 31-1:1992, Qua
40、ntities and units Part 1: Space and time ISO 1000:1992, SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units ISO 8601:2000, Data elements and interchange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and times ISO/IEC 11404:1996, Information technology Pro
41、gramming languages, their environments and system software interfaces Language-independent data types ISO/TS 19103: 1) , Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107: 1) , Geographic information Spatial schema ISO 19109: 1) , Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 191
42、10: 1) , Geographic information Methodology for feature cataloguing ISO 19111: 1) , Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19115: 1) , Geographic information Metadata 4 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 4.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International St
43、andard, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1.1 calendar discrete temporal reference system that provides a basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of one day 4.1.2 calendar era sequence of periods of one of the types used in a calendar, counted from a specified event 4.1.3 UTC
44、 Coordinated Universal Time time scale maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) and the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) that forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time signals ITU-R Rec
45、.TF.686-1 (1997) 4.1.4 day period having a duration nominally equivalent to the periodic time of the Earths rotation around its axis 1) To be published. BS EN ISO 19108:2005 34.1.6 event action which occurs at an instant 4.1.7 feature abstraction of real world phenomena ISO 19101 NOTE A feature may
46、occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one is meant. 4.1.10 feature division feature succession in which a previously existing feature is replaced by two or more distinct feature instances of the same feature type EXAMPLE An instance of the feature
47、type “land parcel” is replaced by two instances of the same type when the parcel is legally subdivided. 4.1.11 feature fusion feature succession in which two or more previously existing instances of a feature type are replaced by a single instance of the same feature type EXAMPLE Two instances of th
48、e feature type “pasture” are replaced by a single instance when the fence between the pastures is removed. 4.1.12 feature operation operation that every instance of a feature type may perform ISO 19110 EXAMPLE An operation upon a “dam” is to raise the dam. The results of this operation are to raise the height of the “dam” and the level of water in a “reservoir”. NOTE Feature operations provide a basis for feature type definition. 4.1.5 edge 1-dimensional topological primitive ISO 19107 NOTE The geometric realization of an
