1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 23611-6:2013Soil quality Sampling of soilinvertebratesPart 6: Guidance for the design of samplingprogrammes with soil invertebrates (ISO23611-6:2012)BS EN ISO 23611-6:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 236
2、11-6:2013. It is identical to ISO 23611-6:2012. It supersedes BS ISO 23611-6:2012 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This
3、publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 81092 3ICS 13.080.05; 13.080.30Compliance with a British Standard canno
4、t confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 August 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 23611-6:2012 as BS EN IS
5、O 23611-6:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 23611-6 July 2013 ICS 13.080.05; 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 6: Guidance for the design of sampling programmes with soil invertebrates (ISO 23611-6:2012) Qualit du sol - Prlvemen
6、t des invertbrs du sol - Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la conception de programmes dchantillonnage des invertbrs du sol (ISO 23611-6:2012) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Wirbellosen im Boden - Teil 6: Anleitung fr die Planung der Probenahme von Wirbellosen im Boden (ISO 23611-6:2012) This
7、European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 July 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
8、concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN membe
9、r into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Fran
10、ce, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KO
11、MITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 23611-6:2013: EBS EN ISO 23611-6:2013EN ISO 23611-6:2013 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 23611-6:2012 has
12、 been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23611-6:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard sha
13、ll be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this doc
14、ument may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard:
15、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
16、Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 23611-6:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23611-6:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 23611-6:2013ISO 23611-6:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Nor
17、mative references . 13 Terms and definitions . 23.1 Soil biology . 23.2 Soil protection 33.3 Methods . 44 Principle . 44.1 General . 44.2 Question to be answered when planning a field study . 55 Objectives of sampling 65.1 General . 65.2 General remarks 65.3 Pre-conditions 75.4 The performance of th
18、e site-specific assessment of contaminated land 75.5 The study of potential side effects of anthropogenic impacts . 75.6 The biological classification and assessment of soils in order to determine the biological quality of soils 75.7 Biogeographical monitoring in nature protection or restauration .
19、86 Samples and sampling points . 86.1 General . 86.2 Sampling patterns . 86.3 Selecting and identifying the sampling location 96.4 Preparation of the sampling site . 96.5 Further general advice on sampling performance .107 Practical considerations for the biological sampling of soils .107.1 General
20、.107.2 Formal preparations .107.3 Requirements on sampling personnel and safety precautions 107.4 Preliminary survey 117.5 Main study .128 Design options for sampling soil invertebrates 128.1 Introduction .128.2 Description of possible sampling strategies .138.3 Recommendations from the European pro
21、gramme ENVASSO (Environmental Assessment of Soil for Monitoring) .179 Sampling report .1910 Quality control and quality assurance .20Annex A (informative) Case studies 21Bibliography .37BS EN ISO 23611-6:2013EN ISO 23611-6:2013 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 23611-6:2012 has been prepared by Technic
22、al Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23611-6:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of
23、 a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
24、of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgar
25、ia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turk
26、ey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 23611-6:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23611-6:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 23611-6:2013ISO 23611-6:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Te
27、rms and definitions . 23.1 Soil biology . 23.2 Soil protection 33.3 Methods . 44 Principle . 44.1 General . 44.2 Question to be answered when planning a field study . 55 Objectives of sampling 65.1 General . 65.2 General remarks 65.3 Pre-conditions 75.4 The performance of the site-specific assessmen
28、t of contaminated land 75.5 The study of potential side effects of anthropogenic impacts . 75.6 The biological classification and assessment of soils in order to determine the biological quality of soils 75.7 Biogeographical monitoring in nature protection or restauration . 86 Samples and sampling p
29、oints . 86.1 General . 86.2 Sampling patterns . 86.3 Selecting and identifying the sampling location 96.4 Preparation of the sampling site . 96.5 Further general advice on sampling performance .107 Practical considerations for the biological sampling of soils .107.1 General .107.2 Formal preparation
30、s .107.3 Requirements on sampling personnel and safety precautions 107.4 Preliminary survey 117.5 Main study .128 Design options for sampling soil invertebrates 128.1 Introduction .128.2 Description of possible sampling strategies .138.3 Recommendations from the European programme ENVASSO (Environme
31、ntal Assessment of Soil for Monitoring) .179 Sampling report .1910 Quality control and quality assurance .20Annex A (informative) Case studies 21Bibliography .37BS EN ISO 23611-6:2013ISO 23611-6:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nati
32、onal standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internat
33、ional organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rul
34、es given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at l
35、east 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 23611-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 1
36、90, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological methods.ISO 23611 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates: Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms Part 2: Sampling and extraction of micro-arthopods (Collembola and Acarin
37、a) Part 3: Sampling and soil extraction of enchytraeids Part 4: Sampling extraction and identification of soil-inhabiting nematodes Part 5: Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates Part 6: Guidance for the design of sampling programmes with soil invertebratesiv ISO 2012 All rights reserve
38、dBS EN ISO 23611-6:2013ISO 23611-6:2012(E)IntroductionThe biodiversity of soil fauna is tremendous. Soil harbours species-rich communities, which regulate ecosystem processes such as organic matter decomposition, nutrient flows or soil fertility in general, References 40, 45. All terrestrial animal
39、phyla can be found in soils, Reference 16. In addition to thousands of bacterial and fungal “species“, more than 1 000 species of invertebrates in abundances of up to 1,5 million individuals can be found within a square metre of soil, References 3, 5. This diversity can only be reliably estimated by
40、 investigation of the soil community itself, since other parameters like climate are not or only weakly correlated with species richness, Reference 24.The composition of this community, as well as the abundance and biomass of the individual species and groups is a valuable source of information, sin
41、ce they integrate various abiotic and biotic effects such as soil properties and conditions, climate, competition or biogeographical influences, Reference 68. For this reason, the evaluation of the biodiversity of soil invertebrate communities becomes more and more important for the classification a
42、nd assessment of biological soil quality, Reference 51. However, this work is only possible if data collection (i.e. sampling of the soil fauna) is carried out according to standardized methods. For this reason, a number of ISO guidelines have been prepared covering the sampling of the most importan
43、t soil organism groups.In the individual parts of ISO 23611, the practical work concerning the respective animal group is described in detail. However, (nearly) nothing is said about how to plan the use of such methods or how to evaluate the results. Despite the fact that sampling for any field stud
44、y can be different depending on the individual purpose, guidance is needed for monitoring studies in a legal context. Such studies can include the following: site-specific risk assessment of contaminated land; study of potential side effects of anthropogenic impacts (e.g. the application of chemical
45、s or the building of roads); the biological classification and assessment of soils in order to determine the biological quality of soils; long-term biogeographical monitoring in the context of nature protection or restoration, including global change e.g. as in the long-term ecological research proj
46、ect (LTER).Spatial studies focusing on environmental and ecological questions require a carefully designed strategy for collecting data (References 31, 65). Before identifying the optimal design, two issues have to be clarified: what is the objective of the study and what is already known about the
47、survey area? Afterwards, one may select one of the well-known design patterns (e.g. grid sampling, random sampling, clustered sampling or random transects) or prepare a study-specific design. In any case, the field sampling design has to be practical, e.g. the volume of soil to be sampled, depending
48、 on the size and distribution of the organisms, has to be manageable (i.e. the smaller the individual animal, the smaller the size), and cost effective.In studies focusing on soil invertebrates, it is not possible to observe the entire population. Therefore, sampling is done only at a limited number
49、 of locations. The main reason for using statistical sound sampling schemes is that such sampling guarantees scientific objectivity and avoids forms of bias such as those caused by judgement sampling. This is especially valuable if the objective is to obtain data that are representative for the whole area. At the same time, statistics-based sampling schemes ensure standardized sampling methods over time, i.e., if the same area is to be re-sampled in the future, the results will be comparable.The rational for this guidance s o
