1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 25239-2:2011Friction stir welding AluminiumPart 2: Design of weld joints (ISO25239-2:2011)BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、is the UK implementation of EN ISO25239-2:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/41, Friction welding.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne
3、cessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 60293 1ICS 25.160.10; 25.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authori
4、ty of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 25239-2 December 2011 ICS 25.160.10; 25.160.40 English Version Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 2: Design of weld
5、joints (ISO 25239-2:2011) Soudage par friction-malaxage - Aluminium - Partie 2: Conception des assemblages souds (ISO 25239-2:2011)Rhrreibschweien - Aluminium - Teil 2: Ausfhrung der Schweiverbindungen (ISO 25239-2:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2011. CEN members are boun
6、d to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CE
7、N-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre h
8、as the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
9、Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and
10、by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 25239-2:2011: EBS EN ISO 25239-2:2011EN ISO 25239-2:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 25239-2:2011) has been prepared by the International Institute of Welding in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Weld
11、ing” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2012. Attention
12、 is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
13、following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
14、Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 25239-2:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 25239-2:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Intro
15、duction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Design requirements . 1 4.1 Documentation 1 4.2 Joint design . 2 4.3 Additional information 5 BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standar
16、dization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
17、 be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Stan
18、dards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Int
19、ernational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 25239
20、-2 was prepared by the International Institute of Welding, which has been approved as an international standardizing body in the field of welding by the ISO Council. ISO 25239 consists of the following parts, under the general title Friction stir welding Aluminium: Part 1: Vocabulary Part 2: Design
21、of weld joints Part 3: Qualification of welding operators Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 25239 should be directed to the ISO Central Secretariat, who wil
22、l forward them to the IIW Secretariat for an official response. BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction Welding processes are widely used in the fabrication of engineered structures. During the second half of the twentieth century, fusion welding processe
23、s, wherein fusion is obtained by the melting of parent material and usually a filler metal, dominated the welding of large structures. Then, in 1991, Wayne Thomas at TWI invented friction stir welding (FSW), which is carried out entirely in the solid phase (no melting). The increasing use of FSW has
24、 created the need for this International Standard in order to ensure that welding is carried out in the most effective way and that appropriate control is exercised over all aspects of the operation. This International Standard focuses on the FSW of aluminium because, at the time of publication, the
25、 majority of commercial applications for FSW involved aluminium. Examples include railway carriages, consumer products, food processing equipment, aerospace structures, and marine vessels. The parts of this International Standard are listed in the foreword. Part 1 defines terms specific to FSW. Part
26、 2 specifies design requirements for FSW joints in aluminium. Part 3 specifies requirements for the qualification of an operator for the FSW of aluminium. Part 4 specifies requirements for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for the FSW of aluminium. A welding procedure specifi
27、cation (WPS) is needed to provide a basis for planning welding operations and for quality control during welding. Welding is considered a special process in the terminology of standards for quality systems. Standards for quality systems usually require that special processes be carried out in accord
28、ance with written procedure specifications. Metallurgical deviations constitute a special problem. Because non-destructive testing of the mechanical properties is impossible at the present level of technology, this has resulted in the establishment of a set of rules for qualification of the welding
29、procedure prior to the release of the WPS to actual production. ISO 25239-4 defines these rules. Part 5 specifies a method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use the FSW process for the production of aluminium products of the specified quality. It defines specific quality requiremen
30、ts, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. To be effective, welded structures should be free from serious problems in production and in service. To achieve that goal, it is necessary to provide controls from the design phase through material selection, fabrication, and
31、 inspection. For example, poor design may create serious and costly difficulties in the workshop, on site or in service. Incorrect material selection can result in welding problems, such as cracking. Welding procedures have to be correctly formulated and qualified to avoid imperfections. To ensure t
32、he fabrication of a quality product, management should understand the sources of potential trouble and introduce appropriate quality and inspection procedures. Supervision should be implemented to ensure that the specified quality is achieved. BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011INTERNATIONA
33、L STANDARD ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 2: Design of weld joints 1 Scope This part of ISO 25239 specifies design requirements for friction stir weld joints. In this part of ISO 25239, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys. T
34、his part of ISO 25239 does not apply to friction stir spot welding. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced doc
35、ument (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2553, Welded, brazed and soldered joints Symbolic representation on drawings ISO 25239-1, Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 1: Vocabulary ISO 25239-3, Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 3: Qualification of welding operators ISO 25239-4, Friction sti
36、r welding Aluminium Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures ISO 25239-5, Friction stir welding Aluminium Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 25239-1 apply. 4 Design require
37、ments 4.1 Documentation The weldment shall be designed in accordance with defined requirements that support the end use of the product. Documentation shall clearly define the essential information of the weld and any special requirements, e.g. fracture critical, durability critical, mission critical
38、, or safety critical, that are imposed over and above the general requirements. Essential process controls shall be defined to substantiate that all design requirements can be met by the welds that were produced in accordance with the welding procedure specification (WPS) and inspection requirements
39、. Weld symbols shall be those shown in ISO 2553. BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4.2 Joint design The weld joint design shall take into account the necessary material property data. Some examples of weld joints are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Various weld joints
40、 shown before and after friction stir welding Joint design Before welding After welding Combination of a lap joint and butt joint Butt joint Combination of a lap joint and butt joint T-joint Corner joint Lap joint Corner joint Butt joint 4.2.1 Butt joints The depth of penetration of butt joints shal
41、l be specified in the WPS. 4.2.2 Lap joints The distance from the centreline of the tool to the edge of each overlapping member shall be specified in the WPS. The depth of penetration of the probe into the lap joint shall be specified in the WPS. BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 Al
42、l rights reserved 3A friction stir lap weld needs to be differentiated from all other lap welds to avoid any misunderstanding of its uniqueness. Conventional FSW is an asymmetric process. For example, one side of the weld is heated more than the other side. Another example of its asymmetry is the di
43、fference in strength between the advancing side and the retreating side of the weld. Depending on whether the advancing side or the retreating side of the weld is near the edge of the sheet (see Figure 1), the stronger or weaker side of the joint can be placed on the stressed side of the weld, as sh
44、own in Figure 2. This is critically important and depends on the advancing near edge or retreating near edge configuration, as shown in Figure 1. 16533bb24aac cKey 1 retreating side 2 advancing side near the weld face sheet edge (ANE) 3 tool 4 workpiece 5 retreating side near the weld face sheet edg
45、e (RNE) 6 advancing side aAxial force. bDirection of tool rotation. cDirection of welding. Figure 1 Advancing side and retreating side placement in lap joints BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved12AAbc3a42Advancing sideBBb1c25 aa) b) A-A67ddB-B76ddc) d) ddeddee) f
46、) Key 1 retreating side 2 advancing side 3 lower workpiece 4 tool 5 upper workpiece 6 tensile-stressed side of upper workpiece 7 tensile-stressed side of lower workpiece aDirection of tool rotation. bDirection of welding. cAxial force. dTensile force. eJoint rotation. Figure 2 Load paths in lap join
47、ts BS EN ISO 25239-2:2011ISO 25239-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 54.3 Additional information 4.3.1 Essential information The following shall be specified for each weld: a) parent material specification, alloy, and temper; b) pre-weld surface condition, including any coating; c) weld locatio
48、n and extent of welding; d) final weld contour and weld finishing requirements (as-welded or subsequently finished); e) postweld heat treatment. 4.3.2 Weldment dimensions The dimensions of the weldment on the drawing shall be the final dimensions and shall not include allowances for shrinkage. 4.3.3
49、 Welding operator qualification All production friction stir welds shall be made by a welding operator qualified in accordance with ISO 25239-3. 4.3.4 Welding procedure qualification All production friction stir welds shall be made in accordance with a welding procedure qualified in accordance with ISO 25239-4. 4.3.5 Inspection The documentation shall define the weld inspection requirements, inspection methods, and acceptance level. Welds shall be inspected and tested in accordance with ISO 25239-5. This p
