1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015Microbiology of the food chain Sampling techniques formicrobiological analysis offood and feed samplesPD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015.The UK particip
2、ation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/9, Microbiology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its co
3、rrect application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 77717 2 ICS 07.100.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and
4、 Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN ISO/TS 17728 June 2015 ICS 07.100.30 English Version Microbiology of the food chain - Sampling techniques for micr
5、obiological analysis of food and feed samples (ISO/TS 17728:2015) Microbiologie de la chane alimentaire - Techniques de prlvement pour lanalyse microbiologique dchantillons daliments (ISO/TS 17728:2015) Mikrobiologie der Lebensmittelkette - Probenahmetechniken fr die mikrobiologische Untersuchung vo
6、n Lebens- und Futtermittelproben (ISO/TS 17728:2015) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 16 March 2015 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
7、 comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible t
8、o keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finla
9、nd, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIO
10、N COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015 EPD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015CEN I
11、SO/TS 17728:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015) has been prepared by CEN/TC 275 “Food analysis - Horizontalmethods” the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 34 “Foodproducts”. Attention is drawn to the possibility that s
12、ome of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to anno
13、unce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Roman
14、ia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TS 17728:2015 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015 without anymodification. PD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015ISO/TS 17728:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative r
15、eferences 13 Terms and definitions . 13.1 Sampling . 13.2 Samples . 23.3 Products 33.4 Sample handling 34 Principles and general requirements . 45 Sampling plan 46 Personnel . 56.1 General arrangements 56.2 Sampling personnel (samplers) . 57 Sampling techniques 57.1 Equipment . 57.2 Sampling techniq
16、ues: General protocol . 67.2.1 Bulk products (liquids, solids, powders, granules, etc.) 67.2.2 Packaged products (refrigerated, frozen, or ambient) 77.2.3 Refrigerated products . 77.2.4 Separated frozen products 77.2.5 Blocks of frozen products (e.g. meat or fish) . 87.2.6 Ambient products . 87.2.7
17、Hot products 87.2.8 Consumer portions in restaurants . 97.3 Sampling techniques for specific products . 97.3.1 Live shellfish (bivalve molluscs, gastropods, echinoderms, and tunicates) . 97.3.2 Fruits and vegetables, spices and herbs, coffee, tea, etc. 107.3.3 Whole eggs .107.3.4 Canned food 107.3.5
18、 Feeds 107.3.6 Special cases, e.g. neck skin of poultry or carcass rinses .107.3.7 Spoiled samples .107.3.8 Sampling with automatic apparatus 108 Packing and labelling of samples .119 Preparation of a sampling form (sampling report) 1110 Transport 1110.1 Apparatus and equipment . 1210.1.1 Refrigerat
19、ors, freezers, cool boxes, boxes or containers, cold packs .1210.1.2 Temperature-monitoring equipment 1210.2 Transport protocol 1210.2.1 Transport by the laboratory 1310.2.2 Transport by a contractor or courier 1311 Reception at the laboratory .14Annex A (informative) Flow chart of sampling .15Annex
20、 B (informative) Method for sampling a frozen piece or block (from ISO 6887-1) 16Bibliography .17 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PagePD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015ISO/TS 17728:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
21、bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizat
22、ions, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its furth
23、er maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directive
24、s).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Intr
25、oduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to c
26、onformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary Information .ISO/TS 17728 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with ISO/TC 34,
27、Food products, Subcommittee SC 9, Microbiology, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015ISO/TS 17728:2015(E)IntroductionSome information on sampling techniques given in this Technical Spec
28、ification is intended as guidance only; other parts are mandatory.For some aspects of sampling, agreements and/or contracts with laboratory clients are necessary to ensure the method and extent of sampling to meet their requirements. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015ISO/TS 17728
29、:2015(E)PD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015Microbiology of the food chain Sampling techniques for microbiological analysis of food and feed samples1 ScopeThis Technical Specification applies to the collection of samples before submission to the laboratory for microbiological examination. It provides general in
30、structions and specific requirements for obtaining samples and for transport to the laboratory.Sampling plans are not included in the scope of this Technical Specification.This Technical Specification applies to all food and feed products, including blocks of frozen products, carcasses (excluding su
31、rface sampling of carcasses), meat, and bulk products.The following sample types are outside the scope of this Technical Specification: milk and dairy products (see ISO 707); surface sampling of carcasses (see ISO 17604); samples from environmental surfaces (see ISO 18593); samples from the primary
32、production stage (see ISO 13307).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenc
33、ed document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 7218, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs General requirements and guidance for microbiological examinations3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7002 and the following apply.3.1
34、Sampling3.1.1samplingprocedure used to draw and constitute a sampleSOURCE: ISO 7002:1986, A.413.1.2sampling planpredetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, and preparation of samples from a lot to yield the required information so that a decision can be made regarding the acceptance of th
35、e lotSOURCE: ISO 7002:1986, A.433.1.3sampling techniqueprocedure used to take the sampleTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 17728:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1PD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015ISO/TS 17728:2015(E)3.1.4batchlotidentified quantity of some commodity, manufactured or produced under conditions
36、 that are presumed uniformSOURCE: ISO 7002:1986, A.213.1.5lot sizenumber of items or quantity of material constituting the lotSOURCE: ISO 7002:1986, A.223.2 Samples3.2.1itemindividualunit1) actual or conventional object (defined quantity of material) on which a set of observations may be made or 2)
37、observed value, either qualitative or quantitativeSOURCE: ISO 7002:1986, A.183.2.2sample (general term)one or more items (or a proportion of material) selected in some manner from a population (or from a larger quantity of material) intended to provide information representative of the population, a
38、nd possibly, to serve as a basis for a decision on the population or on the process which had produced itSOURCE: ISO 7002:1986, A.39Note 1 to entry: In food microbiology, each unit or item is often referred to as a sample when each unit is examined separately. In this Technical Specification, the un
39、its are referred to as laboratory samples. Once prepared, following the ISO 6887 series of standards (for example, with homogenization, mincing, grating, etc.), the laboratory sample becomes the test sample. From this test sample, one test portion is taken for examination.3.2.3laboratory sampleamoun
40、t or units of product that arrives in the laboratory to be analysedSOURCE: ISO 7218:20073.2.4representative samplesample drawn so as to reflect, as accurately as possible, the properties of interest of the lot (the bias of the sample should be a minimum against the lot) from which it is takenSOURCE:
41、 ISO 7002:1986, A.383.2.5pooled samplemixed sample of a number of items of the same type of food, animal feed, animals, or environment where the complete mixture is the test portion and is taken as a whole for examination in the laboratory3.2.6composite samplemixed sample of a number of items of the
42、 same type of food, animal feed, animals or environment, from which a test portion is taken for examination in the laboratory2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015ISO/TS 17728:2015(E)3.2.7incrementquantity of material taken at one time from a larger body of materialSOURCE: ISO 7002:1
43、986, A.14Note 1 to entry: Parts added to each other to form the pooled or composite sample.3.2.8bulk sample1) collection of increments or groups thereof intended for separate investigation (raw bulk sample) or 2) composite of the increments taken from a bulk lot (bulk sample in a proper sense) or 3)
44、 combined aggregation of the items or portions of items taken from a lot of pre-packed products (bulked sample)SOURCE: ISO 7002:1986, A.53.2.9test samplesample prepared from the laboratory sample according to the procedure specified in the method of test and from which test portions are takenSOURCE:
45、 ISO 7002:1986, A.47Note 1 to entry: Preparation of the laboratory sample before the test portion is taken is infrequently used in microbiological examinations.3.2.10test portionmeasured (volume or mass) representative sample taken from the laboratory sample for use in the preparation of the initial
46、 suspensionSOURCE: ISO 6887Note 1 to entry: Sometimes preparation of the laboratory sample (3.2.3) is required before the test portion is taken, but this is infrequently used in microbiological examinations.3.3 Products3.3.1bulk productsproducts that are not separated into individual items or units3
47、.3.2packaged productproducts separated into units or items, sealed or wrapped by the manufacturer3.3.3open productsproducts in unpackaged units3.4 Sample handling3.4.1transportcare and handling of the sample from when it was taken until arrival at the laboratory to ensure that microbiological integr
48、ity is maintained3.4.2refrigerationcold chainmaintenance of samples at cold temperatures to minimize changes in microbial load ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3PD CEN ISO/TS 17728:2015ISO/TS 17728:2015(E)3.4.3receiptprocedures adopted by the laboratory when the samples arrive3.4.4acceptance criteriasam
49、ple characteristics required upon arrival at the laboratory and before the acceptance for examination (e.g. size, weight, integrity of wrapping, correct temperature for physical state, etc.)4 Principles and general requirementsRepresentative samples shall be taken when sampling all products.Sampling techniques shall not modify the intrinsic microbial flora of the product (such as via contamination from sampling implements or the environment or death/growth of this microbial flora during transport to the laboratory).Befor
