1、BSI Standards PublicationErgonomics of human-system interactionPart 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devicesPD ISO/TS 9241-411:2012PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN
2、 ISO/TS 9241-411:2014. It is identical to ISO/TS 9241-411:2012. It supersedes PD ISO/TS 9241:411:2012, which is withdrawn. Together with BS EN ISO 9241-400:2007, BS EN ISO 9241-410:2008+A1:2012, and BS EN ISO 9241-420:2011, it supersedes BS EN ISO 9241-4:1998 and BS EN ISO 9241-9:2000, which are wit
3、hdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. User
4、s are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 86093 5ICS 13.180; 35.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the autho
5、rity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2012.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 September 2014 This corrigendum renumbers PD ISO/TS 9241-411:2012 as PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014. Supersession information in national foreword also updatedTECHNICAL
6、 SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN ISO/TS 9241-411 August 2014 ICS 35.180; 13.180 English Version Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012) Ergonomie de linteraction homme-syst
7、me - Partie 411: Mthodes dvaluation de la conception des dispositifs dentre physiques (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012) Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 411: Bewertungsverfahren fr die Gestaltung von physikalischen Eingabegerten (ISO/TS 9241-411:2012) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was app
8、roved by CEN on 28 June 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standar
9、d. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision
10、 about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
11、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Aven
12、ue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 EPD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 (E)CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO/TS 9241-411:20
13、12 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possib
14、ility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
15、 bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland
16、, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TS 9241-411:2012 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014 without any modification. ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page
17、 Foreword . v Introduction viii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Guiding principles . 7 5 Evaluation methods 7 5.1 Physical input devices in general 7 5.2 Keyboards 10 5.3 Mice . 22 5.4 Pucks 25 5.5 Joysticks 28 5.6 Trackballs . 31 5.7 Touchpads . 34 5.8 Tablets and o
18、verlays . 37 5.9 Styli and light-pens . 40 5.10 Touch-sensitive screens. 42 6 Conformance . 42 Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 series . 43 Annex B (informative) Testing of efficiency and effectiveness 44 Annex C (informative) Assessment of comfort 51 Annex D (informative) Usability te
19、st for keyboards 56 Bibliography 62 Figures Figure 1 Side view of example joystick . 3 Figure 2 Example of light-pen against display . 4 Figure 3 Top view of example of tablet with graphic overlay 4 Figure 4 Top view examples of two types of puck . 5 Figure 5 Side view of example of stylus over grap
20、hics tablet 5 Figure 6 Example of top view of trackball device with buttons 6 Figure 7 Illustration of flat, concave and convex keytops . 14 Figure 8 Measurement of keytop width and depth . 14 Figure 9 Measurement of key displacement . 14 Figure 10 Relationship between key displacement and key force
21、 (ISO 9241-410:2008, Figure B.3) 15 Figure 11 Measurement of character height . 15 Figure 12 Measurement of vertical and horizontal distance between two adjacent keys 17 Figure 13 Measurement of slope of keyboard 18 Figure 14 Numeric keypad layout 18 Figure B.1 Relationship of index of difficulty to
22、 time 47 Figure B.2 One-direction tapping task . 48 PD ISO/TS 9241-411:2012PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedFigure B.3 Multi-directional pointing task 49 Figure B.4 Tracing task 50 Tables Table 1 Measuring methods on physical in
23、put devices in general 7 Table 2 Requirements on the generic operability of keyboards 10 Table 3 Requirements for functional properties of full-size keyboards 10 Table 4 Requirements for sections and zones of full-size keyboards . 16 Table 5 Requirements for the mechanical design of full-size keyboa
24、rds . 17 Table 6 Requirements for maintainability of full-size keyboards . 18 Table 7 Requirements for documentation of full-size keyboards 19 Table 8 Requirements for design of keys of compact keyboards . 19 Table 9 Requirements for sections and zones of compact keyboards . 20 Table 10 Requirements
25、 for mechanical design of compact keyboards 20 Table 11 Requirements for maintainability of compact keyboards . 21 Table 12 Requirements for documentation of compact keyboards . 22 Table 13 Mouse design requirements . 22 Table 14 Design requirements for pucks 25 Table 15 Design requirements for joys
26、ticks . 28 Table 16 Design requirements for trackballs . 31 Table 17 Design requirements for touchpads 34 Table 18 Design requirements for tablets and overlays . 37 Table 19 Design requirements for styli and light-pens . 40 Table 20 Design requirements for touch-sensitive screens . 42 Table A.1 Stru
27、cture of ISO 9241 Ergonomics of humansystem interaction . 43 Table B.1 Task and condition variations 45 Table C.1 Independent rating scale . 52 Table C.2 Dependent rating scale 53 Table C.3 Borg scale . 54 Table C.4 Borg scale for arm, shoulder, and neck effort 54 Table D.1 Reflectance of surfaces .
28、 58 Table D.2 Independent rating scale . 60 Table D.3 Example of material for data entry (English language) 61 PD ISO/TS 9241-411:2012PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizati
29、on) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be re
30、presented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards
31、are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internati
32、onal Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/
33、PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
34、 committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn.
35、 If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
36、ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 9241-411 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. This first edition of ISO/TS 9241-411, together with ISO 9241-400, ISO 9241-410 and
37、ISO 9241-420, cancels and replaces ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9, technically revised as follows: terms and definitions from ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9 have been transferred to ISO 9241-400; guiding principles, collected in ISO 9241-400, have been incorporated and unified so that they correspond to the s
38、cope of the new ISO 9241 series; test methods taken from ISO 9241-4 and ISO 9241-9 have been reviewed and amended and new test methods introduced and collected in annexes for greater convenience. ISO/TS 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office w
39、ork with visual display terminals (VDTs): Part 1: General introduction Part 2: Guidance on task requirements PD ISO/TS 9241-411:2012PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E) vi ISO 2012 All rights reserved Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements Part 6: G
40、uidance on the work environment Part 11: Guidance on usability Part 12: Presentation of information Part 13: User guidance Part 14: Menu dialogues Part 15: Command dialogues Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues Part 17: Form filling dialogues ISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under th
41、e general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction: Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services Part 100: Introduction to standards related to software ergonomics Technical Report Part 110: Dialogue principles Part 129: Guidance on soft
42、ware individualization Part 143: Forms Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces Part 154: Interactive voice response (IVR) applications Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display
43、requirements Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays Part 304: User performance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays Part 306: Field assessment methods f
44、or electronic visual displays Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 308: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED) Technical Report Part 309: Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays Technical Report Part 310: Visibility, aesthetics and ergon
45、omics of pixel defects Technical Report Part 331: Optical characteristics of autosterescopic displays Technical Report Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices PD ISO/TS 9241-411:2012PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014ISO/TS 9241-4
46、11:2012(E)ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vii Part 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices Technical Specification Part 420: Selection of physical input devices Part 910: Framework for tactile and haptic interaction Part 920: Guidance on tactile and hapt
47、ic interactions The following parts are under preparation: Part 391: Requirements, analysis and compliance test methods for the reduction of photosensitive seizures User-interface elements, ergonomic requirements for the reduction of visual fatigue from stereoscopic images, and the evaluation of tac
48、tile and haptic interactions are to form the subjects of future parts 161, 392 and 940. PD ISO/TS 9241-411:2012PD CEN ISO/TS 9241-411:2014ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E)ISO/TS 9241-411:2012(E) viii ISO 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction Input devices are a means for users to enter data into interactive sy
49、stems. Generally speaking, an input device is a sensor that can detect changes in user behaviour (gestures, moving fingers, etc.) and transform them into signals to be interpreted by the interactive system. This part of ISO 9241 presents methods for the laboratory analysis and comparison of input devices for interactive systems. It does not contain requirements
