1、 ETSI EG 202 423 V1.1.1 (2005-10)ETSI Guide Human Factors (HF);Guidelines for the design and deployment ofICT products and services used by childrenETSI ETSI EG 202 423 V1.1.1 (2005-10) 2 Reference DEG/HF-00058 Keywords children, HF, ICT ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - F
2、RANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may
3、 be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF vers
4、ion kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
5、If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to re
6、production in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2005. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its
7、Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI EG 202 423 V1.1.1 (2005-10) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 References 7 3 Definitions and abbreviations.12 3.1 Definiti
8、ons12 3.2 Abbreviations .13 4 Guidelines for the design and use of ICT by children14 4.1 Physical Interaction with ICT.15 4.1.1 General guidelines 15 4.1.2 Physical characteristics of devices16 4.1.3 Input devices.17 4.1.3.1 Keyboards and buttons17 4.1.3.2 Pointing and selection devices 18 4.1.3.3 O
9、ther input devices .18 4.1.4 Output devices 19 4.1.5 Child ergonomics19 4.1.6 Health and Safety issues .20 4.1.7 Consumer regulation and public procurement issues21 4.2 Operational issues of terminals and services21 4.2.1 Comprehending instructions .21 4.2.1.1 Style and format of language 21 4.2.1.2
10、 Jargon22 4.2.1.3 Labels and abbreviations.23 4.2.1.4 Symbols and icons 23 4.2.1.5 Notification of status.24 4.2.2 Configuration and set-up 25 4.2.2.1 Control of outgoing calls.26 4.2.2.2 Control of incoming calls26 4.2.2.3 Identification as legitimate user 27 4.2.3 Operation 28 4.2.3.1 Turning on a
11、 device.28 4.2.3.2 Initiating a communication .28 4.2.3.3 Receiving a communication29 4.2.3.4 Ending a communication.29 4.2.4 Navigation.30 4.2.4.1 Metaphors30 4.2.4.2 Menus30 4.2.4.3 Speech recognition interfaces31 4.2.4.4 Help facilities 31 4.2.4.5 Error handling .31 4.2.5 Handling of information
12、.32 4.3 Services 33 4.3.1 Generic guidelines for services.33 4.3.1.1 General33 4.3.1.2 Service availability and access33 4.3.2 Voice call services 34 4.3.3 Messaging services .34 4.3.3.1 Text and data messaging .35 4.3.3.2 Voicemail (voice messaging)35 4.3.3.3 Instant messaging35 4.3.4 On-line gamin
13、g .36 4.3.5 Transactional services.37 ETSI ETSI EG 202 423 V1.1.1 (2005-10) 4 4.3.6 Emergency call services37 4.3.7 Passive location and positioning services .38 4.3.8 Internet access, browsing and applications .39 4.4 Content .39 4.4.1 Appropriateness of Content 39 4.4.1.1 Comprehensibility to chil
14、dren.39 4.4.1.2 Harmful content 39 4.4.1.3 Interpersonal Communication.40 4.4.1.4 Moral, ethical and cultural diversity41 4.4.1.5 Ability to exchange information within an acceptable use policy.41 4.4.1.6 Misleading and misunderstanding by children42 4.4.1.7 Subliminal persuasion within content .42
15、4.4.1.8 Enabling purchases without adult consent 42 4.4.1.9 Boundaries to data-mining customers behaviour 43 4.4.1.10 Social Interaction 43 4.4.2 Practical Safeguards43 5 Guideline listings44 Annex A (informative): Rationale for the Guidelines .53 A.1 Consequences for children .53 A.2 Consequences f
16、or stakeholders 54 A.3 Rights and responsibilities regarding childrens use of ICT.54 Annex B (informative): Children as users of ICT products and services .56 B.1 Introduction 56 B.2 Primary end users.58 B.2.1 Goals 58 B.2.2 Attributes and requirements related to child development .58 B.2.3 Gender 6
17、2 B.2.4 Comprehension of content63 B.2.4.1 Language 63 B.2.4.2 Learning64 B.2.4.3 Engagement 64 B.2.5 Childrens location and context 64 B.2.5.1 Mobility 64 B.2.5.2 Location 65 B.2.5.3 Context66 B.2.6 Children with impairments and special needs 67 B.2.6.1 Sensory impairments.67 B.2.6.2 Physical impai
18、rments68 B.2.6.3 Cognitive impairments69 B.2.6.4 Speech and language impairments69 B.3 Secondary end users.70 B.3.1 Goals 70 B.3.2 Attributes and requirements .70 B.3.2.1 Secondary end users with impairments and other special needs.70 Annex C (informative): Usability Testing with Children71 C.1 Invo
19、lving children in the design process71 C.2 Techniques appropriate for use with children 72 C.2.1 Verbal Protocol Techniques .73 C.2.2 Post task interview/questionnaires74 Annex D (informative): Bibliography.75 History 77 ETSI ETSI EG 202 423 V1.1.1 (2005-10) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essen
20、tial or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potential
21、ly Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out b
22、y ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This ETSI Guide (EG) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Human Fact
23、ors (HF). The stakeholders identified who have an interest in the present document include standards developers, manufacturers, designers, service providers, policy developers, parents/carers, educators and groups working with children. The intended users of the present document include implementers
24、 and providers of ICT solutions for children, designers, interaction designers, developers of terminals, services and applications, standards and regulation bodies and those deploying ICT for children (e.g. education authorities). Introduction Children (12 years and younger) are rapidly becoming a s
25、ignificant consumer group for advanced computing and communications services. In some cases, children as young as four or five are using and are becoming increasingly familiar with ICT products and services. A new range of products designed specifically for this age group are about to be launched. T
26、R 102 133 7 identified the need to develop detailed guidelines for taking account of childrens needs in the design and deployment of ICT products and services. The purpose of the present document is: to contribute to the design of safer and more accessible ICT products and services for children; to
27、advance the implementation of the eEurope 2005 Action Plan in the area of e-inclusion; to promote a common approach with respect to the development followed by network providers and equipment manufacturers in developing products and services that respond to the specific needs of children; to address
28、 the risks of negative side effects for children, such as physical injury, threats to personal security, service abuse and social exclusion; to facilitate the revision of European and international standards, with the view to better respecting the specific needs of children using information and com
29、munication technologies and services. In drafting this set of guidelines, a number of key assumptions were made. These assumptions are mainly about categories of end users of ICT products and services, and the actions of standards bodies in general to this market. These assumptions are described in
30、the next few paragraphs. The basic assumption is that mature adults are able to purchase ICT products and services for their own use. They can set-up and configure terminals, log-on to (and log-off from) one or more a networks, sign-up for services, and authorize transactions. They are aware of, and
31、 as mature adults willing to accept, the consequences of these actions. In general, the ICT industry sector operates to provide products and services to mature adult users. ETSI standards and guidelines, as well as those from other standards bodies, are designed mainly to address products and servic
32、es for such users. This includes, among other aspects design for all principles. In effect, mature adults are the default (or generic) set of users for most ICT products and services. ETSI ETSI EG 202 423 V1.1.1 (2005-10) 6 There are, however, a number of sectors of the market for ICT products and s
33、ervices for which some special provisions are made. These provisions include guidelines, generic standards, and regulations for situations where users may be nave, or are not fully informed, or have misunderstood the information provided. In addition, there are cases where there is a need for specia
34、lized adaptation, for example to deal with the case of users with special needs. Actions by standards bodies and other regulatory authorities (including national administrations) create and implement policies and guidelines in order to assist as far as is practicable users who find ICT terminals and
35、 services more difficult to use, or where there is an increased risk of some type. Sometimes this means using specific adaptive technology. One of the market sectors for which special provision needs to be made are young people, of different ages, and at different stages of development, who now have
36、 access to terminals, networks and services, sometimes when fully supervised by a responsible adult and sometimes when alone. The needs of this type of user have not as yet been adequately considered by standards bodies. The broad range of issues raised by young peoples access to ICT products and se
37、rvices which are mainly targeted at mature adults also needs to be addressed. These issues have a high political profile at present. It is essential, to the development of children that they experience the power and usefulness of ICT products and services, and that they receive appropriate training.
38、 However, it is also the case that children, as users of ICT products and services which are primarily targeted at adults, are more vulnerable to misuse of such products and services, either their own misuse, or, more critically, misuse by others. The needs of children for ICT products and services
39、are very different from those of mature adults. Unrestricted and unsupervised access by immature children to products and services designed mainly for mature adults can, and does, lead to unintended, and undesirable consequences for the children. In this respect it is particularly important to under
40、stand that ICT products and services are an interactive medium of communication between end users. It is this interactive functionality which poses the greatest risks of misuse. This set of guidelines addresses the needs of young children, and in particular, those less than 12 years of age (or who h
41、ave not yet reached the developmental stage which would normally be associated with those aged 12 years or above). The aim of these guidelines is to encourage careful, planned use of ICT products and services by young children, while at the same time encouraging the industry to provide tools and tec
42、hniques to enable appropriate control of such use. In addition, the guidelines address the problem of deliberate misuse of the technologies by those in society who would seek to exploit an extremely vulnerable and nave group users. It should also be noted that the main target of these guidelines is
43、the design and deployment of new ICT products and services, where the principle user will be young children. Some of these guidelines are of generic use to designers of products and services for other users, such as mature adults. However, it should also be clear that if the parents and guardians of
44、 young children consent to the childs use of other ICT products and services, such as those principally designed for adult users, then any difficulties experienced by the child are the responsibility of the parents/carers. Although the guidelines in the present document aim to be technology independ
45、ent, this is not always possible, whilst at the same time not being too general. The body of knowledge that these guidelines draw upon refers to existing or near future technology, although there are areas of some new technologies where there is no body of knowledge with regard to childrens use. Whi
46、lst every effort has been made in producing the guidelines to take account of the developments in ICT technology, it should be noted that there will be developments in the future which could not be predicted. For some aspects of new technologies, further work to develop guidelines will be needed. Th
47、e general advice with respect to new technologies is to take account of stakeholders vies and test with target child user groups. Information on the following topics can be found in the annexes: Annex A: Rationale for the Guidelines. Annex B: Children as Users of ICT Products and Services. Annex C:
48、Usability Testing with Children. ETSI ETSI EG 202 423 V1.1.1 (2005-10) 7 1 Scope The present document provides guidelines for standards developers and ICT designers on how to take account of the needs of children (12 years and younger) in the design and deployment of ICT products and services. The g
49、uidelines are presented in a form that will assist the different stakeholders to identify and access those parts of the guidelines appropriate to their needs. The present document is applicable to ICT products and services characterized by a capability to offer interaction between children and other users or services, including: fixed and mobile telephones, PDAs, and services which use these devices; computers connected to the Internet; networked services and applications; interactive games. Stand-alone, non-networked applications or toys are ou
