1、 ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)ETSI Guide Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Code of Practice in respect of the control,use and application of Ground Probing Radar (GPR) andWall Probing Radar (WPR) systems and equipmentETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)2Reference DEG/
2、ERM-TGUWB-010 Keywords radar, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual co
3、pies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format
4、 (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current sta
5、tus of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced exce
6、pt as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registe
7、red for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo ar
8、e Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Introduction 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Defi
9、nitions 6g33.2 Abbreviations . 6g34 Recommended practice 7g34.1 General . 7g34.2 Operator practice 7g34.3 Site log . 7g35 Sensitive Radio Environments . 8g36 Product design guide 8g3Annex A: Examples of applications for GPR/WPR equipment and systems . 9g3A.1 General . 9g3A.2 Examples of the characte
10、ristics of GPR/WPR for frequencies up to 1 GHz 9g3A.3 Operational characteristics . 10g3History 11g3ETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)4Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these e
11、ssential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest upd
12、ates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on th
13、e ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This ETSI Guide (EG) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction The main objective of the present document is to set out
14、 a code of practice for the use and application of Ground Probing Radar (GPR) and Wall Probing Radar (WPR). Ground Probing Radar (GPR) a well accepted geophysical method used to explore sub-surfaces. This technique has been in existence for more than 40 years, and has many beneficial uses in science
15、, engineering, surveying, and maintenance of structures. Wall Probing Radar (WPR) has a similar history and is primarily used in the analysis of structures. Examples of the application of GPR/WPR are set out in annex A of the present document. Unlike radio communication equipment/systems GPR/WPR doe
16、s not radiate the wanted/necessary signal into the atmosphere, but into the sub-surface or a sub-structure The only signals which radiate into the atmosphere are those radiated /leaked from the structure/ housing of the GPR/WPR equipment and for best operating results these undesired emissions are k
17、ept to a minimum. This equipment is subject to the R - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time o
18、f publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the refere
19、nced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. ETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)62.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specif
20、ic references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. i.1 Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and mutual recognition of their conformity (R Ground- an
21、d Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods“. i.3 ETSI EN 302 066-2: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 2: Harmonized EN cov
22、ering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements“. i.5 ETSI EN 301 489-32: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) sta
23、ndard for radio equipment and services; Part 32: Specific conditions for Ground and Wall Probing Radar applications“. i.6 CENELEC EN 60950: “Information technology equipment - Safety“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and d
24、efinitions apply: Ground Probing Radar (GPR): radar device which is used to explore sub-surfaces Wall Probing Radar (WPR): radar device which is used for the analysis of sub-structures 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BW Bandwidth EMC Ele
25、ctroMagnetic Compatibility GPR Ground Probing Radar IF Intermediate FrequencyPL Peak Level PRF Pulse Repetition Rate RCS Radar Cross-Section Transmitter pulse width UHF Ultra High Frequency VHF Very High Frequency WPR Wall Probing Radar ETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)74 Recommended practice 4.
26、1 General GPR systems are designed to radiate low level signals into earth materials, typically the ground, or in the case of WPR into the concrete, brick or stone of a civil engineering or building structure. The overall objective of the present document is to ensure that radiation is directed into
27、 these materials and not into the atmosphere. In order to realize this requirement care should be observed at all times when operating/using GPR/WPR equipment. There are also requirements in the organization of operations to allow potential interference incidents to be further investigated, and acti
28、on on all parties involved to be agreed. It is recognized that it is important in the design of GPR/WPR equipment to ensure that the risk of interference to other radio services is minimized. Therefore while manufacturers have to meet set quantative performance standards, it is important that the op
29、erator/user understands the operational requirements necessary to keep interference to a minimum. The following clauses set out the recommended operator/user practice, site use, site log and operational goals. 4.2 Operator practice At all times operators/users should ensure that they follow the manu
30、facturers instructions and minimize the chances of stray radiation as follows: That the GPR/WPR equipment/system or its transmitter is only switched on when carrying out measurements. That the GPR/WPR equipment/system contains a deactivation mechanism as defined in EN 302 066-1 i.2, annex B, and EN
31、302 066-2 i.3, clause 4.2.3. That whenever practical, to ensure that the GPR/WPR operating face is in contact with a layer of absorptive earth or structural material of sufficient thickness and properties to absorb and dissipate the GPR/WPR low level radiation. That prior to planned use of GPR/WPR e
32、quipment the user/operater should check that there are no sensitive radio sites/systems in the near vicinity (airfields, radio astronomy sites, etc.). These sites may be generally defined in the licence issued by the responsibly national administration. If these are present in the area, then liaison
33、 with the organization concerned should take place to obtain agreement, prior to any measurements being performed. 4.3 Site log A log should be kept for every occasion when the GPR/WPR equipment is used. The log should include as a minimum the following: The map reference of the location. Brief desc
34、ription of measurements performed. Details of equipment used (manufacturer, model, serial number, nominal frequency(s) of operation) including the antenna details. Time and date of the operation/measurements. Ideally the log should be kept in electronic format, which is helpful in case of interferen
35、ce issues and is easily accessible by national government administrations responsible for administration of the frequency spectrum. ETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)85 Sensitive Radio Environments The most sensitive radio environments are those where the safety of life, or a similar function may
36、 be threatened if interference occurs to a radio system. Generally the areas of most concern are: Airfields. Prisons. Defense establishments. Radio astronomy sites. When within 1,5 km of these or other sensitive locations, GPR operators should be particularly aware of the potential for interference
37、and may be required to log details of the equipment, application and measurements to be used prior to be given clearance to operate. In other locations the GPR operator may not be aware of other radio systems, but should observe the recommendations of this Code of Practice at all times. For example,
38、 aircraft “en route“ systems that are not adjacent to airfields and may be screened by trees. Similarly a low flying aircraft may pass overhead at any time. 6 Product design guide Manufacturers should ensure that GPR equipment are wherever possible designed to limit the possibility of interference t
39、o other radio systems and interference to the GPR systems from other equipment. Specifically all equipment coming into use should meet the requirements of the R this becomes particularly relevant at the higher frequencies. The low frequency VHF applications are mostly used to maximize the depth of p
40、enetration in open field sites where the target may be an interface between two strata and its RCS is not highly frequency dependent. UHF frequencies are employed against such targets as pipes and cables where the RCS at low frequencies may be too small but the ground attenuation is not excessive. M
41、icrowave frequencies are used to find smaller objects at short range; the attenuation of the ground may become excessive but the lower attenuation of man-made materials (concrete, brick, etc.) may be helpful. A.2 Examples of the characteristics of GPR/WPR for frequencies up to 1 GHz Table A.1: Summa
42、ry of typical technical characteristics of GPR/WPR Frequency range VHF (30 MHz to 300 MHz) Lower UHF (300 MHz to 600 MHz) Upper UHF (600 MHz to 1 000 MHz) Microwave ( 1 000 MHz) Typical PRF (Range) 50 kHz (50 MHz to 100 kHz) 100 kHz (50 MHZ to 500 kHz) 100 kHz (50 kHz to 2 MHz) 1 MHz (50 kHz to 10 M
43、Hz) Pulse width 5 s 2 ns 1 ns 1 ns Measurement BW and IF pulse width, 100 kHz 10 S 100 kHz 10 S 100 kHz 10 S 1 MHz 1 S EN 302 066-1 i.2 Limit dBm/BW (PL) -44,5 (Quasi - Peak detector) -37,5 (Quasi - Peak detector) -37,5 (Quasi - Peak detector) -30,0 (Peak) ETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)10A.3
44、Operational characteristics Table A.2: Summary of operational characteristics of GPR/WPR Attenuation characteristics of soil at various frequencies 100 MHz 10 dB/m to 30 dB/m 300 MHz 20 dB/m to 40 dB/m 500 MHz 30 dB/m to 60 dB/m 1 000 MHz (Equal or greater) 40 dB/m to 80 dB/m Typical Application Mos
45、tly used to maximize the depth of penetration in open field sites where the target may be an interface between two strata and its RCS is not highly frequency dependent. Geophysical - Geological, Mining, Foundations, Land Management and Agriculture. Employed against such targets as pipes and cables w
46、here the RCS at low frequencies may be too small but the ground attenuation is not excessive Civil Engineering Inspection, Utility Mapping, Archaeology. Used to find smaller objects at short range; the attenuation of the ground may become excessive but the lower attenuation of man-made materials (co
47、ncrete, brick) may be helpful. Highway and Runway Inspection, Detailed Structural Inspection, Anti-personnel Mine Detection. ETSI ETSI EG 202 730 V1.1.1 (2009-09)11History Document history V1.1.1 July 2009 Membership Approval Procedure MV 20090911: 2009-07-14 to 2009-09-11 V1.1.1 September 2009 Publication
