1、 ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01)ETSI Standard Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Active antennas used for broadcast TVand sound reception from 47 MHz to 860 MHzETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 2 Reference DES/ERM-TG17WG5-02 Keywords amplification, antenna, TV, UHF, V
2、HF ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document ca
3、n be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the
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5、ments is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written per
6、mission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2005. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade
7、 Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope
8、 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .5 3.1 Definitions5 3.2 Symbols5 3.3 Abbreviations .6 4 General conditions of measurement.6 4.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the active antenna input6 4.1.1 Equipment configuration 6 4.1.2 Test conditions6 4.1.2.1 Normal test con
9、ditions 7 4.1.2.1.1 Normal temperature and humidity.7 4.1.2.1.2 Extreme temperatures7 5 General assessment.7 6 Technical characteristics 7 6.1 Gain7 6.1.1 Definition7 6.1.2 Method of measurement .7 6.1.3 Limits8 6.2 Noise figure8 6.2.1 Definition8 6.2.2 Method of measurement .9 6.2.3 Limits9 6.3 Amp
10、litude-frequency response.9 6.3.1 Definition9 6.3.2 Method of measurement .10 6.3.3 Limits10 6.4 Intermodulation 10 6.4.1 Definition10 6.4.2 Method of measurement .10 6.4.3 Limits11 6.5 Return loss12 6.5.1 Definition12 6.5.2 Method of measurement .12 6.5.3 Limits12 6.6 Internal immunity.12 6.6.1 Def
11、inition12 6.6.2 Method of measurement .12 6.6.3 Limits13 Annex A (informative): Bibliography.14 History 15 ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining t
12、o these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. L
13、atest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the upda
14、tes on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction The present document is an ETSI standard for
15、 amplifiers and preamplifiers used for broadcast TV and sound reception from 47 MHz to 862 MHz. The TR 101 837 2 v1.1.1 demonstrate the need to review limits in EN 55020 and to modify some parameters in EN 50083-2 1. The purpose of the present document is to specify technical parameters for the ampl
16、ifier limiting the interfering effects caused by unwanted signals on the amplified terrestrial broadcasting signals. ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 5 1 Scope The present document covers active antennas used for broadcast TV and sound reception from 47 MHz to 860 MHz. In many cases TV and soun
17、d broadcast receivers are fed from wide band RF active antennas which often have a broad band response covering the 20 MHz to 1 000 MHz range with gains in excess of 20 dB. This frequency range encompasses many other radio communication services, such as GSM phones, short-range devices, Citizen Band
18、 radio, emergency services, etc. When one or more of these transmitters is in the proximity of such an amplifier the transmission can cause severe interference to the TV and sound broadcast reception. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, cons
19、titute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. Referenced doc
20、uments which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. 1 EN 50083-2 (2001): “Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility for equipment“. 2 ETSI TR 101 83
21、7 (2000): “ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Study on 27 MHz CB radio compatibility with analogue television broadcast receiver installations“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purpose of the present document, the following terms and defi
22、nitions apply: active antenna: indoor or outdoor antenna with integrated amplifier used to amplify a TV or sound broadcast electromagnetic field intended to one TV or sound receiver for domestic use UHF (Ultra High Frequency): 300 MHz to 3 000 MHz nominal frequency band NOTE: In the present document
23、 UHF is referred to only in the TV broadcast band (B IV and BV). VHF(Very High Frequency): 30 MHz to 300 MHz nominal frequency band NOTE: In the present document VHF is referred to only in the TV and radio broadcast bands, BI, BII and BIII. 3.2 Symbols For the purpose of the present document, the fo
24、llowing symbols apply: NF Noise Figure F noise Factor emf electromotive force ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 6 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AAUT Active Antenna Under Test AC Alternating Current CW Carrier Wave DC Direct Current
25、 IMD InterModulation Distortion RF Radio Frequency SWR Standing Wave Ratio UHF Ultra High Frequency VHF Very High Frequency VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio Winc Incident Power Wref Reference Power 4 General conditions of measurement This clause gives the general operational conditions. The product-
26、specific operating conditions will be derived from the product description and documentation and stated in the test report. The tests described shall be performed with the Active Antenna Under Test (AAUT) powered up, (i.e. connected to an appropriate power supply), and operate as intended for normal
27、 operation. 4.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the active antenna input Test signal sources shall be connected to the active antenna input terminals (first leave the dipole, wire etc. ) in such a way that the impedance should be adapted. The levels of the test signals shall be expressed in
28、 terms of the emf at the terminals to be connected to the antenna input. The nominal frequency of the amplifier is the lower and upper frequency channel defined by the manufacturer. The loses for matching shall be recorded in the test report. 4.1.1 Equipment configuration Power and signal distributi
29、on, grounding, interconnecting cabling and physical placement of equipment of a test system shall simulate the typical application and usage in so far as is practicable, and shall be in accordance with the relevant product specifications. Only configurations within the range of setting likely to occ
30、ur in normal use need be considered. The configuration selected shall be fully detailed and documented in the test report, together with the justification for selecting that particular configuration. 4.1.2 Test conditions The equipment shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the re
31、levant product and basic standards or to the information accompanying the equipment, which shall be within the manufacturers declared range of humidity, temperature and supply voltage. The test conditions shall be recorded in the test report. The test configuration and mode of operation shall be rep
32、resentative of the intended use and shall be recorded in the test report. All impedances should be adapted. ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 7 4.1.2.1 Normal test conditions 4.1.2.1.1 Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be a combination
33、 of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: - temperature: +15C to +35C; - relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. 4.1.2.1.2 Extreme temperatures For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made at a lower temperature of -10C and an upper temperature of +55C. For some countries i
34、n the north of Europe, all the equipment that will be installed in these locations that are not temperature controlled shall meet the requirements within the temperature range -40C to +55C. If the equipment is installed in locations that are temperature controlled it shall meet the requirements with
35、in the temperature range -10C to +55C. 5 General assessment The manufacturer shall at the time of submission of the equipment for test, supply the following information to be recorded in the test report: - the intended functions of the equipment which shall be in accordance with the documentation ac
36、companying the equipment; - the ancillary equipment (power supply for example) to be supplied with the equipment for testing (where applicable); - an exhaustive list of ports, classified as either power or signal. Power ports shall further be classified as AC or DC power; - the operating frequency r
37、anges over which the equipment is intended to operate (band I, II, III, IV, V); - the environment(s) in which the equipment is intended to be used. 6 Technical characteristics 6.1 Gain 6.1.1 Definition Ratio of output current, voltage or power to input current, voltage or power respectively. This ra
38、tio is expressed in dB. 6.1.2 Method of measurement The gain is measured by applying a test signal at an appropriate power level given by the manufacturer at the input port of the Active Antenna Under Test (AAUT) and measuring the power delivered at the output port. The gain shall be measured in the
39、 middle and at the extremes of the nominal band of the amplifier, as declared by the manufacturer. If the gain can be modified, the test shall be carried out at the maximum gain of the amplifier. ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 8 The gain in dB is calculated by taking 10 times the logarithm of
40、 the ratio of the output to the input power. All the impedances should be adapted. powerinputpoweroutputdB log10= Figure 1: Measurement arrangement 6.1.3 Limits The gain shall not be more than 20 dB. The maximal output level should be inferior to 80 dBV. 6.2 Noise figure 6.2.1 Definition This is the
41、 contribution by the active device itself to thermal noise at its output. The noise figure is usually expressed in decibels (dB) and is with respect to thermal noise power of the system impedance, at a standard noise temperature (usually 20C , 293 K) over the bandwidth of interest. The noise factor
42、is determined by the measuring ratio, of the thermal noise power at the output, to that at the input: 2/21/1NCNCF =Where C1 = power of input signal; C2 = power of output signal; N1 = power of noise at input ( thermal noise); N2 = power of noise at output. To simplify, the noise factor is the ratio b
43、etween the power of noise at the output of the active device and the power of noise at the same point if the device was ideal F = N2 tested / N2 ideal The noise figure is the noise factor converted to decibel notation: NF = 10 log F (dB) ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 9 6.2.2 Method of measur
44、ement Usually, the noise figure is measured with a calibrated noise generator, operating in the frequency band used, it can also be done with an automatic noise factor reader instrument, and the use an additional noise generator. The following describes the method of measurement called “two times th
45、e power“ using a calibrated noise generator. Measurement set-up: a noise generator (source of supplementary noise) covering the range of used frequencies, calibrated in dB or in KTo; a 3 dB attenuator; a selective voltmeter. The AAUT. is connected according figure 2. The cable connection between the
46、 noise generator and the AAUT. should be as short as possible. Also the impedances of all the equipment should be adapted. Figure 2: Measurement arrangement Measurement procedure: 1) Set the voltmeter to the reference level for the range of frequencies used , without the 3dB attenuator and with the
47、noise generator turned off. The bandwidth of voltmeter will be adjusted to obtain a stable reading. 2) Insert the 3 dB attenuator and increase the output of noise generator to obtain the same reading as initially obtained on the selective voltmeter. 3) Record the value of noise factor on the noise g
48、enerator. Repeat the steps 1) to 3) for different frequencies in the nominal band. The least favourable reading shall be noted. 6.2.3 Limits No limits apply, the noise figure shall be specified by the manufacturer. 6.3 Amplitude-frequency response 6.3.1 Definition The usual peak or peak-to-peak valu
49、e of a ripple component. In the present document the ripple amplitude is used to determine the variation of the amplitude response in a specified band. ETSI ETSI ES 202 056 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 106.3.2 Method of measurement NOTE: The swept frequency range of the RF generator shall be greater than the nominal band of the active antenna as declared by the manufacturer. Figure 3: Measurement arrangement The active antenna has to be fed by the power supply sold by the manufacturer. If this is not possible, an equivalent one shall be provided. A single CW
