1、 ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01)ETSI Standard Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Radio frequency amplifiers and pre-amplifiersused for broadcast TV and sound receptionfrom 47 MHz to 860 MHzETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 2 Reference DES/ERM-TG17WG5-01 Keywords ampli
2、fication, antenna, TV, UHF, VHF ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copi
3、es of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (
4、PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current statu
5、s of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except
6、 as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2005. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM
7、and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Fore
8、word.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .5 3.1 Definitions5 3.2 Symbols5 3.3 Abbreviations .6 4 General conditions of measurement.6 4.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the amplifier input6 4.1.1 Equipment configuration 6 4.1.2 Test conditions6
9、 4.1.2.1 Normal test conditions 7 4.1.2.1.1 Normal temperature and humidity.7 4.1.2.1.2 Extreme temperatures7 5 General assessment.7 6 Technical characteristics 7 6 1 Gain7 6.1.1 Definition7 6.1.2 Method of measurement .7 6.1.3 Limits8 6.2 Noise figure8 6.2.1 Definition8 6.2.2 Method of measurement
10、.9 6.2.3 Limits9 6.3 Amplitude-frequency response.9 6.3.1 Definition9 6.3.2 Method of measurement .10 6.3.3 Limits10 6.4 Intermodulation 10 6.4.1 Definition10 6.4.2 Method of measurement .10 6.4.3 Limits11 6.5 Return loss12 6.5.1 Definition12 6.5.2 Method of measurement .12 6.5.3 Limits12 6.6 Intern
11、al immunity.12 6.6.1 Definition12 6.6.2 Method of measurement .13 6.6.3 Limits13 Annex A (informative): Bibliography.15 History 16 ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The
12、information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from
13、 the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI
14、 SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction The present document
15、 is an ETSI standard for amplifiers and preamplifiers used for broadcast TV and sound reception from 47 MHz to 862 MHz. The TR 101 837 2 v1.1.1 demonstrate the need to review limits in EN 55020 and to modify some parameters in EN 50083-2 1. The purpose of the present document is to specify technical
16、 parameters for the amplifier limiting the interfering effects caused by unwanted signals on the amplified terrestrial broadcasting signals. ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 5 1 Scope The present document covers amplifiers and/or pre-amplifiers used for broadcast TV and sound reception from 47
17、MHz to 860 MHz. In many cases TV and sound broadcast receivers are fed from wide band RF amplifiers which often have a broad band response covering the 20 to 1000 MHz range with gains in excess of 20 dB. This frequency range encompasses many other radio communication services, such as GSM phones, sh
18、ort-range devices, Citizen Band radio, emergency services, etc. When one or more of these transmitters is in the proximity of such an amplifier the transmission can cause severe interference to the TV and sound broadcast reception. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, throu
19、gh reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest
20、version applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. 1 EN 50083-2 (2001): “Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility f
21、or equipment“. 2 ETSI TR 101 837: “ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Study on 27 MHz CB radio compatibility with analogue television broadcast receiver installations“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purpose of the present document, the
22、following terms and definitions apply: amplifier: indoor or outdoor equipment intended for domestic use, installed to amplify TV or sound broadcast signals provided directly by an antenna to one or several TV or sound receivers UHF (Ultra High Frequency): 300 MHz to 3 000 MHz nominal frequency band
23、NOTE: In the present document UHF is referred to only in the TV broadcast band (B IV and BV). VHF(Very High Frequency): 30 MHz to 300 MHz nominal frequency band NOTE: In the present document VHF is referred to only in the TV and radio broadcast bands, BI, BII and BIII. 3.2 Symbols For the purposes o
24、f the present document, the following symbols apply: NF Noise Figure F noise Factor emf electromotive force ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 6 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AAUT Active Antenna Under Test AC Alternating Current AUT
25、 Amplifier Under Test CW Carrier Wave DC Direct Current IMD InterModulation Distortion RF Radio Frequency UHF Ultra High Frequency VHF Very High Frequency VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio Winc Incident Power Wref Reference Power 4 General conditions of measurement This clause gives the general opera
26、tional conditions. The product-specific operating conditions will be derived from the product description and documentation and stated in the test report. The tests described shall be performed with the Amplifier Under Test (AUT) powered up, (i.e. connected to an appropriate power supply), and opera
27、te as intended for normal operation. 4.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the amplifier input Test signal sources shall be connected to the amplifier input in such a way that the impedance presented to the amplifier input is 75 . The levels of the test signals shall be expressed in terms of
28、the emf at the terminals to be connected to the amplifier. The nominal frequency of the amplifier is the lower and upper frequency channel defined by the manufacturer. 4.1.1 Equipment configuration Power and signal distribution, grounding, interconnecting cabling and physical placement of equipment
29、of a test system shall simulate the typical application and usage in so far as is practicable, and shall be in accordance with the relevant product specifications. Only configurations within the range of setting likely to occur in normal use need be considered. The configuration selected shall be fu
30、lly detailed and documented in the test report, together with the justification for selecting that particular configuration. 4.1.2 Test conditions The equipment shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the relevant product and basic standards or to the information accompanying the e
31、quipment, which shall be within the manufacturers declared range of humidity, temperature and supply voltage. The test conditions shall be recorded in the test report. The test configuration and mode of operation shall be representative of the intended use and shall be recorded in the test report. A
32、ll impedances should be adapted. ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 7 4.1.2.1 Normal test conditions 4.1.2.1.1 Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be a combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: - temperature: +1
33、5C to +35C; - relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. 4.1.2.1.2 Extreme temperatures For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made at a lower temperature of -10C and an upper temperature of +55C. For some countries in the north of Europe, all the equipment that will be installed in these lo
34、cations that are not temperature controlled shall meet the requirements within the temperature range -40C to +55C. If the equipment is installed in locations that are temperature controlled it shall meet the requirements within the temperature range -10C to +55C. 5 General assessment The manufacture
35、r shall at the time of submission of the equipment for test, supply the following information to be recorded in the test report: - the intended functions of the equipment which shall be in accordance with the documentation accompanying the equipment; - the ancillary equipment (power supply for examp
36、le) to be supplied with the equipment for testing (where applicable); - an exhaustive list of ports, classified as either power or signal. Power ports shall further be classified as AC or DC power; - the operating frequency ranges over which the equipment is intended to operate (band I, II, III, IV,
37、 V); - the environment(s) in which the equipment is intended to be used. 6 Technical characteristics 6 1 Gain 6.1.1 Definition Ratio of output current, voltage or power to input current, voltage or power respectively. This ratio is expressed in dB. 6.1.2 Method of measurement The gain is measured by
38、 applying a test signal at an appropriate power level given by the manufacturer at the input port of the Amplifier Under Test (A.U.T.) and measuring the power delivered at the output port. The gain shall be measured in the middle and at the extremes of the nominal band of the amplifier, as declared
39、by the manufacturer. If the gain can be modified, the test shall be carried out at the maximum gain of the amplifier. ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 8 The gain in dB is calculated by taking 10 times the logarithm of the ratio of the output to the input power. All the impedances should be adap
40、ted. powerinputpoweroutputdB log10= Figure 1: Measurement arrangement 6.1.3 Limits No limits strictly apply to the gain value itself, it shall be specified by the manufacturer, as compatible with the output level limits given in clause 6.4.3 6.2 Noise figure 6.2.1 Definition This is the contribution
41、 by the active device itself to thermal noise at its output. The noise figure is usually expressed in decibels (dB) and is with respect to thermal noise power of the system impedance, at a standard noise temperature (usually 20C, 293 K) over the bandwidth of interest. The noise factor is determined
42、by the measuring ratio, of the thermal noise power at the output, to that at the input: 2/21/1NCNCF =Where C1 = power of input signal; C2 = power of output signal; N1 = power of noise at input ( thermal noise); N2 = power of noise at output. To simplify, the noise factor is the ratio between the pow
43、er of noise at the output of the active device and the power of noise at the same point if the device was ideal F = N2 tested / N2 ideal The noise figure is the noise factor converted to decibel notation: NF = 10 log F (dB) ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 9 6.2.2 Method of measurement Usually,
44、 the noise figure is measured with a calibrated noise generator, operating in the frequency band used, it can also be done with an automatic noise factor reader instrument, and the use an additional noise generator. The following describes the method of measurement called “two times the power“ using
45、 a calibrated noise generator. Measurement set-up a noise generator (source of supplementary noise) covering the range of used frequencies, calibrated in dB or in KTo; a 3 dB attenuator; a selective voltmeter. The AUT is connected according the figure below. The cable connection between the noise ge
46、nerator and the AUT should be as short as possible. Also the impedances of all the equipment should be adapted. Figure 2: Measurement arrangement Measurement procedure: 1) Set the voltmeter to the reference level for the range of frequencies used , without the 3 dB attenuator and with the noise gene
47、rator turned off. The bandwidth of voltmeter will be adjusted to obtain a stable reading. 2) Insert the 3 dB attenuator and increase the output of noise generator to obtain the same reading as initially obtained on the selective voltmeter. 3) Record the value of noise factor on the noise generator.
48、Repeat the steps 1) to 3) for different frequencies in the nominal band. The least favourable reading shall be noted. 6.2.3 Limits No limits apply, the noise figure shall be specified by the manufacturer. 6.3 Amplitude-frequency response 6.3.1 Definition The usual peak or peak-to-peak value of a rip
49、ple component. In the present document the ripple amplitude is used to determine the variation of the amplitude response in a specified band. ETSI ETSI ES 202 127 V1.1.1 (2005-01) 106.3.2 Method of measurement NOTE: The swept frequency range of the RF generator shall be greater than the nominal band of the amplifier as declared by the manufacturer. Figure 3: Measurement arrangement The amplifier has to be fed by the power supply sold by the manufacturer. If this is not possible, an equivalent one shall be provided. A single CW non-modulated RF sig
