1、 ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) Environmental Engineering (EE); Standardization terms and trends in energy efficiency ETSI STANDARD ETSI ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) 2 Reference DES/EE-EEPS11 Keywords energy efficiency, methodology, metrics ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis
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7、riction extend to reproduction in all media. ETSI 2017. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational P
8、artners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g3Executive summary 4g3Introducti
9、on 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Definitions 6g33.2 Symbols 6g33.3 Abbreviations . 6g34 Energy Efficiency . 7g34.1 General concept 7g34.2 Energy efficiency hierarchy . 8g34.2.0 Energy effici
10、ency general definition . 8g34.2.1 Energy efficiency at the network level . 8g34.2.2 Energy efficiency at the equipment/system level 8g34.2.3 Energy efficiency at the component level . 8g35 Useful work concept for ICT 9g36 Energy management . 10g37 Renewable energy sources . 10g38 Functioning status
11、/mode and EE 10g39 General measurement conditions . 11g39.0 General . 11g39.1 Environmental Consideration . 11g39.1.1 Temperature 11g39.1.2 Humidity . 11g39.1.3 Barometric Pressure 11g39.2 Voltage . 12g39.2.1 DC Powered Equipment . 12g39.2.2 AC Powered Equipment . 12g39.3 Power Source 12g39.4 Power
12、Measurement Equipment . 12g3History 13g3ETSI ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) 4 Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly avail
13、able for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web serve
14、r (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become
15、, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or repro
16、duce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental En
17、gineering (EE). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“
18、and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Executive summary The present document contains high level definition of energy efficiency, energy management requirement to increase the energy efficiency of ICT goods/networks/services. Introduction The presen
19、t document was developed jointly by ETSI TC EE and ITU-T Study Group 5 and published respectively by ITU and ETSI as Recommendation ITU-T L.1315 i.3 and ETSI Standard ETSI ES 203 475, which are technically equivalent. ETSI ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) 5 1 Scope The present document specifies ter
20、minology, principles and concepts for Energy efficiency and energy management. The present document establishes common understanding on measurement methodology used to determine the energy efficiency of a good, service and network. The present document is a framework for other ETSI standards and oth
21、er Standard Development Organization SDO document for Energy efficiency thematic. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies.
22、 For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at https:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference/. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this
23、clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and
24、/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of
25、publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 (08/2014): “Energy efficiency metrics and m
26、easurement methods for telecommunication equipment“. i.2 ISO 14040 (07/2006): “Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework“. i.3 Recommendation ITU-T L.1315 (05/2017): “Standardization terms and trends in energy efficiency“. ETSI ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) 6 3 D
27、efinitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: active mode: For (small) networking equipment, this is the operational mode where all ports (WAN and LAN) are connected, with at least one Wi-Fi connection, if a
28、 Wi-Fi function is available. (As defined in Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 i.1). energy: “The capacity for doing work“. In the telecommunication systems, where the primary source of energy is electricity, energy is measured in Joules. (As defined in Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 i.1). functional unit: (
29、Based on ISO 14040 i.2). A performance representation of the system under analysis. For example, for transport equipment, the functional unit is the amount of Data transmitted, the distance over which it is transported and its rate in Gbit/s. Sometimes the term is used to represent useful output or
30、work. (As defined in Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 i.1). idle mode: For (small) networking equipment, this means the same as active mode, but with no user data traffic (it is not zero traffic, as service and protocol supporting traffic are present) being used, although it is ready to be used (U1 in ro
31、uters part). (As defined in Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 i.1). low power (sleep) mode: For small networking equipment, this means a state that happens after the device detects no user activity for a certain period of time and reduces energy consumption. For this state, no user-facing LAN ports are co
32、nnected; the Wi-Fi is active but no clients are connected. The WAN port may be inactive. The device will reactivate on detecting a connection from a user port or device. (As defined in Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 i.1). small networking device: A networking device with fixed hardware configuration, d
33、esigned for home/domestic or small office use, with less than 12 wired ports. This device can have wireless functionality implemented. (As defined in Recommendation ITU-T L.1310 i.1). 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Efficiency 3.3 Abbreviations For
34、the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC Alternating Current CRT Cathode Ray Tube EER Energy Efficiency Rating EUT Equipment Under Test ICT Information and Communication Technology LAN Local Area Network LCD Liquid Cristal Display LED Light Emitting Diode PUE Power
35、 Usage Effectiveness (for datacentre) SDO Standard Development Organization WAN Wide Area Network ETSI ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) 7 4 Energy Efficiency 4.1 General concept Energy Efficiency is a widely used term with multiple meanings, one can hear “use stairs, be energy efficient“ Energy effi
36、cient office or house or many others. Since we are talking about electrical devices, efficiency definition could start from a generic definition for Energy Efficiency for energy converting devices: = Energyoutput/ Energyinput(1)“Energy Efficiency“ that applies to any device that uses energy to do wo
37、rk: “Percentage of total energy input to a machine or equipment that is consumed in useful work and not wasted as useless heat.“ This could be expressed as follows: g2015 g3404g3006g3041g3032g3045g3034g3052g3033g3042g3045g3048g3046g3032g3033g3048g3039g3039g3050g3042g3045g3038g3021g3042g3047g3028g303
38、9g3048g3046g3032g3031g3032g3041g3032g3045g3034g3052(2)By definition, “Energy Efficiency“ is always in the range from 0 to 1, or 0 to 100 % (if expressed as a percentage). The goal of increasing energy efficiency is to realize solutions that will give the same or better functionality using less energ
39、y. For IT equipment output energy does not represent useful output energy therefore, Energy, Energy Efficiency for IT equipment shows how much energy used to perform a Functional Unit (which is specific for the device or solution). EE increase is one of ways of managing and restraining the growth in
40、 energy consumption. Devices is more energy efficient if it delivers more services for the same energy input, or the same services for less energy input. For example, when a LED/LCD Display uses less energy than a traditional display based on Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) to reproduce the video, the displa
41、y is considered to be more energy efficient. The goal of energy efficiency increase is to provide solutions that will give more functionality using less energy. Trivial solution for the maximum energy saving can be achieved simply by switching off the device, but that will eliminate the service deli
42、vered by the device as well and EE will be zero as a result. This is the major reason to consider for an equipment the energy efficiency and not only the energy consumption; Energy Efficiency is not an absolute metric, this implies that if it is necessary to do a comparison between equipment it is p
43、ossible only for equipment of the same type and with similar functionality. Energy efficiency increase is important at all stages of the energy chain from generation to final consumption. Eventually the benefits of energy efficiency increase will outweigh the costs, for instance those involved in re
44、novations. Energy efficiency is not equal to energy conservation. Energy conservation is reducing or going without a service to save energy. The Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) concept used for data centre follows this formulation. When the energy efficiency concept it is applied to the ICT world, i
45、t is not possible to make reference to output to power or energy and it is important to introduce the concept of a proxy for useful work, changing formula 1. In this case, the energy efficiency rating of functionality shall be expressed as the ratio between the expected result normally called a prox
46、y for Useful work (similar to Functional Unit) and the energy used to realize the that functionality. The new formula will be: g1831g1831g1844 g3404g3048g3046g3032g3033g3048g3039g3050g3042g3045g3038g3021g3042g3047g3028g3039g3048g3046g3032g3031g3032g3041g3032g3045g3034g3052(3) This formula in this ca
47、se is not a ratio between two values with same units but between two different characteristics so the indicator of efficiency realized will be not a pure number but a ratio of useful work and energy the measurement unit will be different depending on the useful work selected for the service/EUT e.g.
48、 bit/J in the case that the useful work is a throughput, measured in bit/s ETSI ETSI ES 203 475 V1.1.1 (2017-11) 8 To have an easy way to measure the efficiency, in the case of equipment without a big variation of energy consumption, it is preferable to measure the power of an equipment instead of t
49、he energy. In this case the power will be not an instantaneous power but a power averaged in a time period to eliminate the fluctuation of the instantaneous power measurement. In this last case the energy efficiency it is expressed with the same terminology but using total power and not total energy in the numerator of the formula. The energy efficiency indicator (EER) is a device metric defined as a Functional Unit divided by the power. Various types of equipment have their own EER definitions. 4.2 Energy efficiency hierarchy 4.2.0 Energy efficienc
