1、 STD-ETSI ETR L54-ENGL 1917 3YUOA55 0235904 731 111 T ETSI ETR 154 September 1997 Third Edition Source: EBU/CENELEC/ETSi JTC Reference: RTWJTC-OODVB-38 ICs: 33.020 Key words: DVB, broadcasting, digital, video, MPEG, TV European Broadcasting Union 4% Union Europenne de Radio-Tlvision Digital Video Br
2、oadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 R
3、oute des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat 8etsi.fr Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the f
4、oregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards institute 1997 O European Broadcasting Union 1997. All rights reserved. STD.ETS1 ETR 254-ENGL L977 m 3400855 02357115 b78 Page 2 ETR 154: September 1997 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparati
5、on and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to “ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept.“ at the address shown on the title page. Page 3 ETR 154: September 1997 Contents Foreword . 5 In trod
6、 uct io n . _ 6 1 Scope . 2 References . . 8 3 Definitions and abbreviations 9 . 3.1 Definitions . _ _ . 9 3.2 Abbreviations . .9 4 Systems layer . 3. Broadcast bitstreams and Baseline IRDs . IO 4.1.1 Introduction (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section O) 10 4.1.2 Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) (ISO/IEC 1381
7、8-1, section 0.4 ) 10 4.1.3 TS system target decoder (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.2) . 11 4.1.4 Transport packet layer (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.3.2 ) . 11 4.1.4.1 Null packets 11 4.1.4.2 Transport packet heade r . 11 4.1 4.1.4.2.1 transport-error-indicato r . 11 4.1.4.2.2 transportgriorit y 11
8、 transport-scrambling-contro I ._ 11 Service Information (SI) Tables 11 4.1.4.2.3 4.1.4.2.4 Packet IDentifier (PID) values for 4.1.5 Adaptation field (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.3.4) . 11 4.1.5.1 Random-access-indicato r 11 4.1.5.2 elementary-streamgriority-indicato r . ._ 11 4.1.5.3 Program Clock
9、 Reference (PCR ) . 12 4.1.5.4 Other fields . 2 Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) Packet (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.3.6) 3.2 4.1.6.1 stream- d 12 4.1.6.2 PES-scramblingcontro I . 32 4.1.6.3 PESgriority 12 4.1.6.4 copyright and original-or-cop y . 12 4.1.6.5 Trick mode fields . 13 4.1.6.6 4.1.6.7
10、 Optional fields 13 4.1.6.8 PES-extensionfiel d 1.3 Program Specific Information (PSI) (ISO/IEC 1381 8-1, section 2.4.4) . 13 Program and elementary stream descriptors (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.6) 1 .4 . 4.1.8.1 video-stream-descriptor and audio-stream-descripto r . 14 4.1 -8.2 hierarchy-descripto
11、 r 1.4 4.1.8.3 registrationdescripto r . 1.4 4.1.8.4 datastream-alignment-descripto r 14 4.1 3.5 target-background-grid-descripto r 14 4.1.8.6 videowindow-descripto r 14 4.1.8.7 Conditional Access CA-descripto r . 15 4.1.8.8 ISO-639-Language-descripto r 15 4.1 3.9 4.1.8.10 multiplex-buffer-utilizati
12、on-descripto r . 15 4.1.8.1 1 copyright-descripto r 1.5 4.1.8.12 maximumbitrate-descripto r 15 4.1.8.13 privatedata-indicator-descriptor 15 4.1.8.14 STD-descriptor 15 4.1.6 additionalcopy-inf o ., 13 4.1.7 4.1.8 systemclock-descripto r . 15 . - STD.ETSI ETR LSY-ENGL 1qq e VOOAC nz3so7 440 Page 4 ETR
13、 154: September 1997 4.1.8.15 IBP.descriptor . 15 Storage Media Interoperability 16 4.1.8.16 smoothingbuffer-descriptor 15 4.1.9 Compatibility with ISO/IEC 11 172-1 (ISO/iEC 1381 8.1, section 2.8) . 16 4.1.10 Bitstreams from storage applications and IRDs with digital interfaces . 16 4.2.1 Partial TS
14、s 16 4.2.2 Decoding of Trick Play data (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.3.7) . 16 4.2 5 Video 17 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 25 Hz SDTV IRDs and Bitstreams 17 5.1.1 Profile and level 17 5.1.2 Frame rate 17 5.1.3 Aspect rat io . 18 5.1.4 Luminance resolution 19 5.1.5 Chromaticity Parameters 20 5.1.6 Chrominance 21
15、5.1.7 Video sequence header 21 25 Hz HDTV IRDs and Bitstreams 21 5.2.1 Profile and level 21 5.2.3 Aspect ratio . 22 5.2.2 Frame rate 21 5.2.4 Luminance resolution 22 5.2.5 Chromaticity Parameters 22 5.2.6 Chrominance 23 Video sequence header 23 5.2.8 Backwards Compatibility . 23 30 Hz SDTV IRDs and
16、Bitstreams 23 Profile and level 23 Aspect ratio . 5.3.4 Luminance resolution 25 5.3.5 Chromaticity Parameters 26 Chrominance 5.3.6 26 Video sequence header 5.3.7 26 30 Hz HDTV IRDs and Bitstreams 26 5.4.1 Profile and level 26 5.4.2 Frame rate 26 Aspect ratio . 27 5.4.3 5.4.4 Luminance resolution 27
17、5.4.5 Chromaticity Parameters 28 Chrominance 28 5.4.6 Video sequence header 28 5.4.7 5.4.8 Backwards Compatibility . 28 5.2.7 5.3.1 5.3.2 Frame rate 23 5.3.3 24 6 Audio 28 6.1 Audio mode . 29 6.3 Bit rate . 29 6.4 Sampling frequency . 30 Cyclic redundancy code 30 Compression layer Emphasis 6.2 29 6.
18、5 30 6.6 Annex A (informative): Examples of full screen luminance resolutions for SDTV and HDTV 31 History 32 STD-ETSI ETR L5Y-ENGL L77.1 31i008S5 0235708 387 I$B Page 5 ETR 154: September 1997 Foreword This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced under the authority of the Joint Technical Com
19、mittee (JTC) of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comit Europen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). This ETR is based on the DVB document A001 revision 2, dated July 1997, and it may be converted into an ETS after market fe
20、edback. For this purpose, the wording of an ETS rather than an ETR is used. ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status. An ETR may be used to publish
21、material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or the application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or an I-ETS. NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific fi
22、eld of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose
23、work includes the co-ordination of its members activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva *. * European Broadcasting Union Case Postale 67 CH-12
24、18 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 717 21 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81 Dlgital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project Founded in September 1993, the DVB Project is a market-led consortium of public and private sector organizations in the television industry. Its aim is to establish the framewo
25、rk for the introduction of MPEG-2 based digital television services. Now comprising over 200 organizations from more than 25 countries around the world, DVB fosters market-led systems, which meet the real needs, and economic circumstances, of the consumer electronics and the broadcast industry. Page
26、 6 ETR 154: September 1997 Introduction This ETR presents guidelines covering coding and decoding using the MPEG-2 system layer, video coding and audio coding as defined in ISO/IEC 13818-1 l, ISO/IEC 13818-2 2 and ISO/IEC 13818-3 3 respectively. The guidelines presented in this ETR for the Integrate
27、d Receiver-Decoder (IRD) are intended to represent a minimum functionality that all IRDs of a particular class are required to either meet or exceed. It is necessary to specify the minimum IRD functionality for basic parameters, if broadcasters are not to be prevented from ever using certain feature
28、s. For example, if a significant population of IRDs were produced that supported only the Simple Profile, broadcasters would never be able to transmit Main Profile bit- st reams. IRDs are classified in three dimensions as: “25 Hz“ or “30 Hz“, depending on whether the nominal video frame rates based
29、on 25 Hz or 30000/1001 Hz (approximately 29,97 Hz) are supported. It is expected that 25 Hz IRDs will be used in those countries where the existing analogue TV transmissions use 25 Hz frame rate and 30 Hz IRDs will be used in countries where the analogue TV transmissions use 30000/1001 Hz frame rate
30、. There are also likely to be “dual-standard IRDs which have the capabilities of both 25 Hz and 30 Hz IRDs. “SDTV“ or “HDTV“, depending on whether or not they are limited to decoding pictures of conventional TV resolution. The capabilities of an SDTV IRD are a sub-set of those of an HDTV IRD. “with
31、digital interface“ or “Baseline“, depending on whether or not they are intended for use with a digital bitstream storage device such as a digital VCR. The Capabilities of a Baseline IRD are a sub- set of those of an IRD with digital interface. To give a complete definition of an IRD, all three dimen
32、sions need to be specified, e.g. 25 Hz SDTV Baseline IRD. It should be noted that in DVB systems the source picture format, encoded picture format and display picture format do not need to be identical. For example, HDTV source material may be broadcast as an SDTV bitstream after downconversion to S
33、DTV resolution and encoding within the constraints of Main Profile at Main Level. The IRD receiving the bitstream may then up-convert the decoded picture for display at HDTV resolution. With suitable down-conversion and up-conversion, the quality of the resultant HDTV picture may be close to that of
34、 the original HDTV source. Another notable feature of the DVB system is that a single Transport Stream (TS) may contain programme material intended for more than one type of IRD. A typical example of this is likely to be the simulcasting of SDTV and HDTV video material. In this case an SDTV IRD will
35、 decode and display SDTV pictures whilst an HDTV IRD will decode and display HDTV pictures from the same TS. Where a feature described in this ETR is mandatory, the word “shall“ is used and the text is in italic; all other features are optional. The functionality is specified in the form of constrai
36、nts on MPEG-2 systems, video and audio which the IRDs are required to decode correctly. The specification of these baseline features in no way prohibits IRD manufacturers from including additional features, and should not be interpreted as stipulating any form of upper limit to the performance. The
37、guidelines do not cover features, such as the IRDs up-sampling filter, which affect the quality of the displayed picture rather than whether the IRD is able to decode pictures at all. Such issues are left to the marketplace. The guidelines presented for IRDs observe the following principles: - where
38、ver practical, IRDs should be designed to allow for future compatible extensions to the bit- stream syntax: - all “reserved“ and “private“ bits in MPEG-2 systems, video and audio should be ignored by IRDs not designed to make use of them. - The ru1 STD.ETS1 ETR LSLi-ENGL 2977 - B#i 3400855 0235910 T
39、35 - Page 7 ETR 154: September 1997 c of operation for the encoders are features anL constraints which the encoding system should adhere to in order io ensure that the transmissions can be correctly decoded. These constraints may be mandatory or optional. Where a feature or constraint is mandatory,
40、the word “shall“ is used and the text is italic; all other features are optional. Clauses 4 to 6 provide the guidelines for the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) systems layer, video and audio respectively. For information, some of the key features are summarized below, but clauses 4 to 6 should be c
41、onsulted for all definitions: S ys t e ms : - MPEG-2 TS is used; - - - - Service Information (SI) is based on MPEG-2 program-specific information; scrambling is as defined in ETR 289 5; conditional access uses the MPEG-2 Conditional Access CA-descriptor; Partial TSs are used for digital VCR applicat
42、ions. Video: MPEG-2 Main Profile at Main Level is used for SDTV; MPEG-2 Main Profile at High Level is used for HDTV; the 25 Hz SDTV IRD supports 25 Hz frame rate; the 25 Hz HDTV IRD supports frame rates of 25 Hz or 50 Hz; the 30 Hz SDTV IRD supports frame rates of 24000/1001,24,30000/1001 and 30 Hz;
43、 the 30 Hz HDTV IRD supports frame rates of 24000/1001, 24, 30000/1001, 30, 60000/1001 and 60 Hz; SDTV pictures may have either 4:3, 16:9 or 2.21:l aspect ratio; IRDs support 4:3 and 16:9 and optionally 2.21 :1 aspect ratio; HDTV pictures have 16:9 or 2.21:laspect ratio; IRDs support 16:9 and option
44、ally 2.21: aspect ratio; IRDs support the use of pan vectors to allow a 4:3 monitor to give a full-screen display of a 16:9 coded picture of SDTV resolution. Audio: - - - - - MPEGQ Layer I and Layer II is supported by the IRD; the use of Layer II is recommended for the encoded bit-stream; IRDs suppo
45、rt single channel, dual channel, joint stereo, stereo and the extraction of at least a stereo pair from MPEGP compatible multi-channel audio; sampling rates of 32 kHz, 44,l kHz and 48 kHz are supported by IRDs; the encoded bit-stream does not use emphasis. STD.ETS1 ETR 154-ENGL 1997 a 3400855 02357L
46、L 971 Page 8 ETR 154: September 1997 1 Scope This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) provides implementation guidelines for the use of MPEGQ audio-visual coding in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting distribution systems. Both Standard Definition Television (SDTV) and High Definition Television (
47、HDTV) are covered. Guidelines for devices equipped with a digital interface intended for digital VCR applications are also given in this ETR. It does not cover applications such as contribution services which are likely to be the subject of subsequent “Guidelines“ documents. The rules of operation f
48、or the encoders are features and constraints which the encoding system should adhere to in order to ensure that the transmissions can be correctly decoded. These constraints may be mandatory, recommended or optional. 2 References This ETR incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from
49、other publications. These references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this ETR only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. i31 41 71 91 ISO/IEC 13818-1 (1996): “Coding of moving pictures and associated audio - Part 1: Systems“. ISO/IEC 13818-2 (1996): “Coding of moving
