1、E“ NI CAL REPORT ETR 273-1-2 February 1998 Source: ERM Reference: DTR/ERM-RPO1-018-1-2 ICs: 33.020 Key words: Analogue, data, measurement uncertainty, mobile, radio, testing Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement of radiated methods of measurement (using test sit
2、es) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part 2: Examples and annexes ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-O6921 Sophia-Antipolis CEDEX
3、 - FRANCE Mice address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, sxecretariat - Internet: secretaratQets.fr Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission
4、. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights resewed. STD-ETSI ETR 273-2-2-ENGL 2998 I 3400855 027Li85b 764 Page 2 ETR 273-1-2: February 1998 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation a
5、nd publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to “ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept.“ at the address shown on the title page. STD-ETSI ETR 273-1-2-ENGL 1998 I 3400855 0274657 8TO = Page 3 ET
6、R 273-1-2: February 1998 Contents Foreword . 9 1 Scope . 11 2 References . 11 3 Definitions. symbols and abbreviations 11 3.1 Definitions . 11 3.2 Symbols . 16 3.3 Abbreviations 18 4.2.2 4.3.2 4 Examples of measurement uncertainty analysis (free field test sites) . 19 4.1 Introduction . 19 4.2 Examp
7、le 1 : Verification procedure . 19 4.2.1 Uncertainty contributions: stage 1 : direct attenuation measurement 20 Contributions from the mismatch components 20 Contributions from individual components 22 4.2.1.2.1 Signal generator . 22 Transmitting antenna cable 23 Transmitting antenna attenuator . 23
8、 4.2.1.2.4 Adapter . 24 Receiving antenna attenuator . 24 Receiving antenna cable 24 4.2.1.2.7 Receiving device . 24 Contribution from the random component 25 Summary table of contributory components . 26 Uncertainty contributions: stage 2: radiated attenuation measurement . 26 4.2.2.2.1 Signal gene
9、rator . 29 4.2.1.1 4.2.1.2 4.2.1.2.2 4.2.1.2.3 4.2.1.2.5 4.2.1.2.6 4.2.1.3 4.2.1.4 4.2.2.1 4.2.2.2 Contributions from the mismatch components 27 Contributions from individual components . -29 4.2.2.2.2 Transmitting antenna cable 29 4.2.2.2.3 Transmitting antenna attenuator . 30 4.2.2.2.4 Transmittin
10、g antenna . 30 4.2.2.2.5 Site factors 31 Receiving antenna . 34 4.2.2.2.6 4.2.2.2.7 Receiving antenna attenuator . 35 4.2.2.2.8 Receiving antenna cable 35 4.2.2.2.9 Receiving device . 36 4.2.2.3 Contribution from the random component 36 4.2.2.4 Summary table of contributory components . 37 4.2.2.5 E
11、xpanded uncertainty for the verification procedure . 38 Example 2: measurement of a transmitter parameter (spurious emission) 38 4.3.1 Uncertainty contributions: stage 1 : EUT measurement . 38 4.3.1.1 Contributions from the mismatch components 39 4.3.1.2 Contributions from the individual components
12、. 40 4.3.1.2.1 EUT . 40 4.3.1.2.2 Site factors 42 4.3.1.2.3 Test antenna 44 4.3.1.2.4 Test antenna attenuator 45 4.3.1.2.5 Test antenna cable . 45 4.3.1.2.6 Receiving device . 45 4.3.1.3 Contribution from the random component 46 4.3.1.4 Summary table of contributory components . 47 Uncertainty contr
13、ibutions: stage 2: substitution measurement . 48 4.3 STD-ETSI ETR 273-1-2-ENGL 1998 I 3400855 OS74858 737 II Page 4 ETR 273-1-2: February 1998 4.3.2.1 4.3.2.2 Contributions from the mismatch components 48 Contributions from the individual components . 50 4.3.2.2.1 Signal generator . 50 4.3.2.2.2 Sub
14、stitution antenna cable . 50 4.3.2.2.3 Substitution antenna attenuator 51 4.3.2.2.4 Substitution antenna 51 4.3.2.2.5 Site factors 52 4.3.2.2.6 Test antenna 55 4.3.2.2.7 Test antenna attenuator 55 4.3.2.2.8 Test antenna cable . 56 4.3.2.2.9 Receiving device -56 4.3.2.3 Contribution from the random c
15、omponent 56 4.3.2.4 Summary table of contributory components . 58 4.3.2.5 Expanded uncertainty for the spurious emission test 59 Example 3: measurement of a receiver parameter (sensitivity) 59 4.4.1 Uncertainty contributions: stage 1 : transform factor measurement 59 4.4.1.1 Contributions from the m
16、ismatch components 59 4.4.1.2 Contributions from the individual components . 61 4.4.1.2.1 Signal generator . 61 4.4.1.2.2 Test antenna cable . 61 4.4.1.2.3 Test antenna attenuator 62 4.4.1.2.4 Test antenna 62 4.4.1.2.5 Site factors 63 4.4.1.2.6 Measuring antenna 66 4.4.1.2.7 Measuring antenna attenu
17、ator 66 4.4.1.2.8 Measuring antenna cable . 67 4.4.1 -2.9 Receiving device . 67 4.4.1.3 Contribution from the random component 68 4.4.1.4 Summary table of contributory components . 69 Uncertainty contributions: stage 2: EUT measurement . 70 4.4.2.1 Contributions from the mismatch components 71 4.4.2
18、.2 Contributions from the individual components . 71 4.4.2.2.2 Test antenna cable . 72 4.4.2.2.3 Test antenna attenuator 72 4.4.2.2.4 Test antenna 73 4.4.2.2.5 Site factors 73 4.4.2.2.6 EUT . 76 Contribution from the random component 77 Summary table of contributory components . 78 Expanded uncertai
19、nty for the receiver sensitivity measurement . -78 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.2.2.1 Signal generator . 71 4.4.2.3 4.4.2.4 4.4.2.5 5 Examples of measurement uncertainty analysis (stripline) . 79 5.1 Introduction . 79 5.2 Example 1 : verification procedure . 79 5.2.1 Uncertainty contributions: stage 1: direct atte
20、nuation measurement . 80 5.2.1.1 Contributions from the mismatch components 80 5.2.1.2 Contributions from individual components 82 5.2.1.2.2 5.2.1.2.3 5.2.1.2.4 Adaptor 84 5.2.1.2.5 5.2.1.2.6 5.2.1.3 Contribution from the random component 85 5.2.1.4 Summary table of contributory components . 86 Unce
21、rtainty contributions: stage 2: radiated attenuation measurement . 86 5.2.2.1 Contributions from the mismatch components . -87 5.2.1.2.1 Signal generator . 82 Signal generator cable 83 Signal generator attenuator . 83 Receiving device attenuator . 84 Receiving device cable 84 5.2.1.2.7 Receiving dev
22、ice . 84 5.2.2 STD-ETSI ETR 273-1-2-ENGL 1778 Pa 3400855 0274859 673 I Page 5 ETR 273-1-2: February 1998 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.2.2.2 Contributions from individual components 89 5.2.2.2.1 Signal generator . 89 5.2.2.2.2 Signal generator cable 89 5.2.2.2.3 Signal generator attenuator . 90 5.2.2.2.4 Site
23、 factors 90 5.2.2.2.5 Antenna factor of the monopole . 90 5.2.2.2.6 Receiving device attenuator . 91 5.2.2.2.7 5.2.2.2.8 Receiving device . 91 Contribution from the random component 92 Expanded uncertainty for the verification procedure . 93 Example 2: the measurement of a receiver parameter (sensit
24、ivity) 93 Contributions from the mismatch components 94 Contributions from the individual components . 96 5.3.1.2.1 Signal generator . 96 5.3.1.2.2 Signal generator cable 96 5.3.1.2.3 Signal generator attenuator . 97 5.3.1.2.4 Site factors 97 5.3.1.2.5 EUT . 98 Summary table of contributory componen
25、ts . 100 Receiving device cable 91 5.2.2.3 5.2.2.4 5.2.2.5 Uncertainty contributions: stage 1 : EUT measurement . 94 5.3.1.1 5.3.1.2 Summary table of contributory components . 93 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.1.3 5.3.1.4 Uncertainty contributions: stage 2: field measurement using the results of 5.3.2.1 Contribution
26、 from the random component 99 the verification procedure 101 Expanded uncertainty for the receiver sensitivity measurement 101 Uncertainty contributions: stage 2: field measurement using a monopole . 1 O1 Contributions from the mismatch components 102 5.3.3.1 5.3.3.2 Contributions from the individua
27、l components . 103 5.3.3.2.1 Signal generator . 103 5.3.3.2.2 Signal generator cable 104 5.3.3.2.3 Signal generator attenuator . 104 5.3.3.2.4 Site factors 104 5.3.3.2.5 Antenna factor of the monopole . 105 5.3.3.2.6 Monopole attenuator . 105 5.3.3.2.7 Receiving device cable 105 5.3.3.2.8 Receiving
28、device . 106 Contribution from the random component 106 Summary table of contributions 107 Expanded uncertainty for the receiver sensitivity measurement 108 5.3.3.3 5.3.3.4 5.3.3.5 Uncertainty contributions: stage 2: field measurement using three-axis 5.3.4.1 5.3.4.2 probe . 108 Contributions from t
29、he mismatch components 108 Contributions from the individual components . 109 5.3.4.2.1 Signai generator . 109 5.3.4.2.2 Signal generator cable 110 5.3.4.2.3 Signal generator attenuator . 110 5.3.4.2.4 Site factors 111 5.3.4.2.5 Three-axis probe field measurement 112 Contribution from the random com
30、ponent 112 Summary table of contributory components . 113 Expanded uncertainty for the receiver sensitivity measurement 113 5.3.4.3 5.3.4.4 5.3.4.5 6 Wash-up . 113 6.1 Introduction . 113 6.2 Considerations in regulatory testing . 114 6.3 Measurement specification . 114 STD-ETSI ETR 273-1-2-ENGL 1778
31、 I 3400855 0274860 395 U Page 6 ETR 273-1-2: February 1998 6.4 Specification limits . 115 6.5 Conclusions . 116 Annex A (informative): Uncertainty contributions 117 A . 1 A.2 A.3 A.4 AS A.6 A.? A.8 A.9 Reflectivity 118 Mutual coupling 120 Range length . 126 Corrections . . 128 Radio frequency cables
32、 . 130 Phase centre positioning . 131 Stripline . 134 Ambient signals . 137 138 A.l O Signal generator 140 A.11 Insertion losses . 141 A.12 Antennas . 144 A.13 Receiving device 145 A.14 Equipment under test . 147 A.15 Frequency counter . 150 A.16 Salty man and salty-lite 151 A.17 Test fixture 152 A.
33、18 Random uncertainty . 152 Annex 6 (informative): Calculating means and standard deviations 160 6.1 Properties of distributions . 160 B.l.l Introduction . 160 6.1.2 Mathematical tools and properties 160 6.2 Calculations . 161 8.2.1 Rectangular distributions 161 8.2.2 Gaussian distributions 161 B.2.
34、3 U shaped distributions . 161 Annex C (informative): Mathematical transforms 162 C.1 Principles of derivation of formulas when transforming from log to linear . 162 C.l.l A rectangular distribution in logarithmic terms converted to linear terms . 162 C.1.2 A triangular distribution in logarithmic t
35、erms converted to linear terms 165 C.1.3 A rectangular distribution in linear terms converted to logarithmic terms . 168 C.2 Conversion factors . 171 STD.ETS1 ETR 273-1-2-ENGL 1998 3400855 8274b2 221 I Page 7 ETR 273-1-2: February 1998 Annex D (informative): Mismatch uncertainties 172 D.l Introducti
36、on . 172 D.l.l Cascading networks 172 D.1.2 Mismatch uncertainty calculations . 176 D.2 General approach 180 D.3 Networks comprising power combiners/splitters . 180 Annex E (informative): Antenna cabling measurements 187 E.l Introduction . 187 E.2 Experimental measurements . 187 E.2.1 Measurement pr
37、ocedure 187 E.2.2 Discussion of results 187 Annex F (informative): Near-field/far-field measurements . 191 F.l Introduction . 191 F.2 Experimental measurements . 191 F.3 Measurement procedure 192 F.4 Discussion of results 192 Annex G (informative): Bibliography 195 History . 197 STD-ETSI ETR 273-L-2
38、-ENGL 1998 Sl 3400855 02748b2 Lb W Page 9 ETR 273-1 -2: February 1998 Foreword This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the Electromagnetic compatib ility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). ETRs are informa
39、tive documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (LETS) status. An ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or the application of
40、ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or an LETS. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part Technical Report (ETR) covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM) Improvement of radiated methods of measurement (using test
41、 sites) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties, as identified below: Part 1-1 : “Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub -part 1 : Introduction“; Part 1-2: “Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Subp
42、art 2: Examples and annexes“; Part 2: “Anechoic chamber“; Part 3: “Anechoic chamber with a ground plane“; Part 4: “Open area test site“; Part 5: “S tri pl i n es“; Part 6: “Test fixtures“; Part 7: “Artificial human beings“. Pi-evious page is blank - - STD=ETSI ETR 273-1-2-ENGL 1998 W 3400855 0274863
43、 OT4 E Page 11 ETR 273-1-2: February 1998 1 Scope This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) provides the methods of evaluating and calculating the measurement uncertainties and the required corrections for measurement conditions and results. This ETR covers the method of radiated measurements on mobile radio
44、 equipment and applies to the assessment of the uncertainties of radiated measurements. The following aspects relate to the measurements: - - This ETR provides a method to be applied to all the applicable standards, and supports ETSI Technical Report ETR 027 4 and is supported by ETR 028 5 2 Referen
45、ces Within this ETR the following references apply: the calculation of the total uncertainty for each of the measured parameters; recommended maximum acceptable uncertainties for each of the measured parameters. CCITT Recommendation 0.41 (1 0/94): “Psophometer for use on telephone-type circuits“. CC
46、IT Recommendation 0.1 53 (1 0/92): “Basic parameters for the measurement of error performance at bit rates below the primary rate“. EN 55020 “Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers and associated equipment“. ETR 027: “Radio Equipment and System (RES); Methods of measurement for private mobi
47、le radio equipment“. ETR 028: “Radio Equipment and System (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics“. ETR 273-1 -1 “Electromagnetic compatib iiity and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement of radiated methods of measurement (using test sites) and evaluatio
48、n of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 1 : Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part: Introduction“. “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement“ (International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995). Definit
49、ions, symbols and abbreviations Definit ions For the purposes of this ETR, the following definitions apply: Audio Frequency (AF) load: Normally a resistor of sufficient power rating to accept the mairnum audio output power from the EUT. The value of the resistor is normally that stated by the manufacturer and is normally the impedance of the audio transducer at 1 O00 Hz. NOTE 1: In some cases it may be necessary to place an isolating transformer between the output terminals of the receiver under test and the load. Previous page is blank STD.ETSI ETR 273-1-2-E
