1、REPORT ETR 300-3 February 2000 Source: TETRA Reference: DTRTTETRA-O1 O1 1-3 ICs: 33.020 Key words: radio, TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers guide Part 3: Direct Mode Operation (DMO) ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal a
2、ddress: F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE Internet: secretariat Qetsi.fr - http:/www.etsi.org Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by
3、 written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2000. All rights reserved. Page 2 ETR 300-3: February 2000 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, err
4、ors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to “ETSI Standards Making Support Dept.“ at the address shown on the title page. Page 3 ETR 300-3: February 2000 Contents Foreword 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Scope 9 References 9 Definitions and
5、abbreviations 10 3.1 Definitions 10 3.2 Abbreviations . 12 What is direct mode and why do we need it? 13 4.1 General 13 4.2 Frequency of operation 14 4.3 Managed Direct Mode 15 4.4 Direct Mode on European shared harmonised spectrum 16 Direct mode services and facilities 16 5.1 Service definitions 16
6、 5.1.1 Teleservice 16 5.1.2 Bearer service . 17 5.1.3 Intrinsic service 17 5.1.4 Summary of tele/bearer services offered in TETRA DMO 17 Direct mode teleservices 18 5.2.1 Individual call . 18 5.2.2 Group call 18 5.3.1 Circuit mode unprotected bearer services . 18 5.3.2 Circuit mode protected bearer
7、services . 19 5.3.3 5.4.1 DM late entry . 20 5.4.2 Transmitting party identification . 20 5.4.3 Emergency calls 20 5.4.4 OTAR . 20 5.2 5.3 Direct mode bearer services 18 Short data service (SDS) . 19 5.4 Intrinsic services 20 Description of direct mode equipment types . 21 6.1 General 21 6.2 Direct
8、mode mobile station (DM-MS) . 22 6.3 Dual watch mobile station (DW-MS) 22 6.4 Direct mode repeater (DM-REP) 23 6.5 Direct mode gateway (DM-GATE) . 23 6.6 6.7 Direct mode power classes 24 6.8 Limitations imposed by the physical layer for direct mode type equipment . 25 Direct mode operational example
9、s 25 7.1 General 25 7.2 7.3 DMO communication via a repeater with Dual Watching 26 7.4 Gateway operation . 27 7.5 Direct mode repeatedgateway combination (DM-REP/GATE) 24 MS to MS communication with Dual Watching 26 Direct mode repeatedgateway operation . 29 Basic direct mode MS-MS protocol . 30 8.2
10、 DM protocol layering 31 8.3 8.1 Testable boundaries 30 Direct mode functionality 31 Page 4 ETR 300-3: February 2000 8.4 Physical resources 32 8.5 Slot timing diagrams 32 8.5.1 Constraints on the frame structure (including synchronisation) 32 8.5.2 Direct Mode operation . 33 Call set-up protocol . 3
11、3 8.6.1 Call set-up without presence check 33 8.6.2 Call set-up time (fundamental constraints) . 34 8.6.3 Call set-up with presence check . 35 8.6.5 Channel reservation and changeover in a call 36 8.6.6 Pre-emption of a DM call 37 8.6.7 8.7 Channel surveillance . 38 8.8 Battery economy 40 8.9 Freque
12、ncy efficient operation 40 8.6 8.6.4 Late entry 35 Terminating a call . 38 9 . 1 o . 11 . Implementation and operation issues affecting dual watch 41 9.1 General 41 9.2 Basis for dual watch operation 41 9.3 Implementation of dual watch operation 41 9.3.1 Switching from idle to active . 42 9.3.2 Swit
13、ching from active to active 43 10.2 10.3 Security features . 44 10.1 Authentication 44 10.1.1 Mobile to mobile operation 44 10.1.2 Dual Watch Operation 44 10.1.3 Gateway mode operation 44 Confidentiality 44 10.2.1 Air Interface (AI) encryption 44 10.2.1.1 Cipher Key . 45 10.2.1.2 The Time Variant Pa
14、rameter (TVP) 45 10.2.2 End-to-end encryption . 45 Key Management 45 10.3.1 Air Interface Encryption keys 45 10.3.2 End to End Encryption keys 45 10.3.3 Over The Air Re-keying (OTAR) . 46 Secure Enable and Disable . 46 10.4 Radio AsDects . 46 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11
15、DMO deployment constraints 46 Transmitter noise . 47 Blocking . 49 Effects of transmitter noise and blocking 49 Methodology 49 11 5.1 Assumptions . 50 11 5.2 Calculating the effect of transmitter noise . 50 11 5.3 Calculating the effect of blocking 51 11 5.4 Allowing for a noise floor uplift 51 11 5
16、.5 Translating path losses into distances 52 Example 1 - wanted signal at extremity of range, unwanted interferer close by . 53 11.6.1 Step 1 - Calculate allowable noise 53 11.6.2 Step 2 - Translate allowable noise into path loss and stay-away distance . 53 11.6.3 Step 3 - Calculate path loss and st
17、ay-away distance for blocking 53 Example 2 - wanted signal at close range, unwanted interferer close by . 54 11.7.1 Step 1 - Calculate noise floor uplift . 54 11.7.2 Step 2 - Calculate allowable noise 54 11.7.3 Step 3 - Translate allowable noise into path loss and stay-away distance . 54 11.7.4 Step
18、 4 - Calculate path loss and stay-away distance for blocking 54 Unwanted transmission noise versus blocking . 55 Variation of stay-away distance with transmitter power and frequency separation . 56 Effect of assumptions 56 Implementation issues . 57 Page 5 ETR 300-3: February 2000 Teleservices. bear
19、er and supplementary services supported by TMO/DMO . 59 Support of security features 60 Annex A (normative): Annex B (informative): B.l Time Variant Parameter 60 B.2 Synchronisation of end-to-end encryption . 60 Annex C (informative): Short range propagation models used in the co-existence studies 6
20、1 C.l Introduction 61 C.2 Free space propagation 61 C.3 Wickson model 62 C.4 CEPT SE21 model 62 C.5 Discussion . 63 Annex D (informative): RF channel selection. numbering and addressing . 65 D.l Background . 65 D.2 Numbering . 65 D.3 Addressing in repeater and gateway direct mode operation . 66 D.4
21、Summary . 66 Annex E (normative): TDMA frame and slot structure for direct mode operation . 67 E.l Frame structure . 67 E.2 Timeslots and bursts . 67 Annex F (normative): DM support for short data messages . 69 F.l DM short data call 69 F.2 F.3 Annex G (informative): Unacknowledged short data messag
22、e 69 Acknowledged short data message 69 Bibliography 71 History 72 Page 6 ETR 300-3: February 2000 Blank page Page 7 ETR 300-3: February 2000 Foreword This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) Project of the European Telecommunications Standards Inst
23、itute (ETSI). ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (LETS) status. An ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to
24、the use or the application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or an LETS. This ETR consists of 5 parts as follows: Part 1: “Overview, technical description and radio aspects“; Part 2: “Radio channels, network protocols and service performance“;
25、 Part 3: “Direct Mode Operation (DMO)“; Part 4: “Network management“; Part 5: “Guidance on Numbering and addressing“. Page 8 ETR 300-3: February 2000 Blank page Page 9 ETR 300-3: February 2000 1 Scope This guide is written as a “Read-me-first“ manual or “Getting started with TETRA DMO“. It is not in
26、tended to be a guide to the TETRA DMO standard nor an authoritative interpretation of the standard. If any conflict is found between this guide and the corresponding subclauses in the TETRA standard then the standard takes precedence. The aims of this guide are: - to provide the reader with sufficie
27、nt knowledge to engage in qualified discussions with the equipment and service suppliers; - to expose the reader to the specific language and technical terminology used in the standard; - to enable the reader to understand the flexibility in system design, system network topography, system availabil
28、ity, various modes of operation and security features; - in the Radio Aspects part of the guide, sufficiently detailed design information is given to allow link budget calculations to be carried out and outline radio coverage planning to be performed. Some preliminary calculations are also given for
29、 co-existence between trunked and direct mode terminals and also for the number of direct mode talk groups (Nets) that can operate simultaneously at the same location. The scope of this first edition of the DMO Designers Guide is limited to examining in detail mobile station to mobile station direct
30、 mode operation. The basic mobile station operation is placed in the wider context of direct mode operational requirements by outlining repeater and gateway functionality. However detailed consideration of repeaters and gateways will be dealt with in a later edition. It should be understood that, as
31、 in all standardisation activities, there is an inherent conflict between the Users wish to have as broad a standard as possible and at the same time wanting to have as much of that broad standard available and implemented right from the beginning of service. Potential equipment purchasers, network
32、operators and service users must make sure they influence the suppliers to have their required functionality available when they need it. Equipment manufacturers will use the broad flexibility provided within the standard to develop and implement equipment in various ways, and still be conforming to
33、 the standard. This broad availability of equipment, each optimised around certain features and functionalities, needs to be carefully analysed by network operators and system users to find the supplier with equipment suited best for their needs. 2 References For the purposes of this ETR, the follow
34、ing references apply: 31 41 51 ETSI ETS 300 396-1 : “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 1 : General network design I. ETSI ETS 300 396-2: “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 2: R
35、adio aspects“. ETSI ETS 300 396-5: “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 5: Gateway air interface“. ETSI ETS 300 392-5: “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 5: Peripheral Equipment Interface (PEI)“. ETSI ETS 300 39
36、2-1 : “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 1 : General network design“. ITU-R Recommendation 329-6: “Proposal for a propagation model to be used in models for calculating spurious emission interference“. Page 10 ETR 300-3: February 2000 71 91 ETSI ETR 300-1 (1996): “Terres
37、trial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers guide; Part 1 : Overview, technical description and radio aspects“. ETSI ETS 300 396-3: “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 3: Mobile Station to Mobile Station (MS-MS) Air Inter
38、face (AI) protocol“. ETSI ETR 300-5: “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers guide; Part 5: Guidance on Numbering and addressing“. 3 Definit ions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this ETR, the following terms and definitions apply: call: there are tw
39、o types of call, individual call or group call. An individual call using a gateway is a complete sequence of related call transactions between a DM user and a user on the V+D network (or accessed via the V+D network). There are always two participants in an individual call. A group call is a complet
40、e sequence of related call transactions involving at least two or more DM-MSs. The number of participants in a group call is not fixed, but is at least two. Participants may join (late entry) and leave an ongoing group call. call transaction: all of the functions associated with a complete unidirect
41、ional transmission of information during a call. A call is made up of one or more call transactions. In a simplex call these call transactions are sequential. called user application: user application which receives an incoming call. calling user application: user application which initiates an outg
42、oing call. changeover: within a call, the process of effecting a transfer of the master role (and hence transmitting unit) at the end of one call transaction so that another can commence. Direct Mode (DM): mode of simplex operation where mobile subscriber radio units may communicate using radio freq
43、uencies which may be monitored by, but which are outside the control of, the TETRA V+D network. DM is performed without intervention of any base station. DM Call Control (DMCC): layer 3 entity responsible for setting up and maintaining a call in DMO. DM channel: specific grouping of timeslots in the
44、 DM multiplex structure related to a particular DM RF carrier .e. DM frequency (or to a pair of duplex-spaced RF carriers for operation with a type 1 B or type 2 DM-REP or a type 1B DM-REP/GATE). The grouping may not always be fixed, but in DMO when operating in frequency efficient mode as an exampl
45、e, there are two DM channels, identified by the letters A and B. Direct Mode Mobile Station (DM-MS): physical grouping that contains all of the mobile equipment that is used to obtain TETRA DM services. A DM-MS may have one of three states: - - Master: if the DM-MS is active in a call transaction tr
46、ansmitting traffic or control data; Slave: if the DM-MS is receiving traffic and/or signalling in a call; Idle: if the DM-MS is not in a call. DM-REP presence signal: message transmitted by a DM-REP in order to indicate its presence on an RF carrier. Dual Watch Mobile Station (DW-MS): MS that is cap
47、able of both TETRA DMO and TETRA V+D operation. The MS is capable of periodically monitoring the V+D control channel while in a DM call, a DM RF carrier while in a V+D call and, when idle, it periodically monitors both the DM RF carrier and the V+D control channel. Page 11 ETR 300-3: February 2000 D
48、M GATEway (DM-GATE): device which provides gateway connectivity between DM-MS(s) and the TETRA V+D network. The gateway provides the interface between TETRA DMO and TETRA V+D mode. DM REPeater (DM-REP): device that operates in TETRA DMO and provides a repeater function to enable two or more DM-MSs t
49、o extend their coverage range. It may be either a type 1 DM-REP, capable of supporting only a single call on the air interface, or a type 2 DM-REP, capable of supporting two calls on the air interface. A type 1 DM-REP may operate on either a single RF carrier (type 1A DM-REP) or a pair of duplex-spaced RF carriers (type 1 B DM-REP). A type 2 DM-REP operates on a pair of duplex-spaced RF carriers. DM REPeatedGATEway (DM-REP/GATE): device that combines the functions of a DM repeater and a DM gateway in a single implementation and is capable of providing both functions simultaneously
