1、 ETSI GS mWT 006 V1.1.1 (2015-12) millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT); Analysis of antennas for millimetre wave transmission Disclaimer This document has been produced and approved by the millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those memb
2、ers who participated in this ISG. It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership. GROUP SPECIFICATION ETSI ETSI GS mWT 006 V1.1.1 (2015-12)2 Reference DGS/mWT-006 Keywords antenna, application, millimetre wave, mWT, use case ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antip
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8、on extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2015. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its
9、Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI GS mWT 006 V1.1.1 (2015-12)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g3Executive summary 4g3Introduction 4g31 Scope 5g3
10、2 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Definitions 6g33.2 Abbreviations . 7g34 Operators expectations 8g35 Antenna requirements for mm-wave applications 9g35.0 Introduction 9g35.1 Challenges 9g35.2 Antenna Features 9g35.2.
11、1 Antenna Appearance . 9g35.2.2 Antenna Radiation Pattern Envelope 9g35.2.3 Antenna XPD 10g35.2.4 Antenna Gain 10g35.2.5 Antenna dynamic radiation . 10g35.2.6 Antenna Integration level 11g35.3 Antenna Requirements for various deployment scenarios . 11g35.3.0 Introduction. 11g35.3.1 Rooftop Installat
12、ions . 11g35.3.2 Street Level Installations 12g35.3.3 Installations in residential and public areas 13g35.3.4 Antenna feature relevance. 14g36 Current technological status . 14g36.1 Parabolic antennas 14g36.2 Waveguide-Array Antennas . 14g36.3 Lens antenna . 15g36.4 PCB 15g36.5 Comparative summary .
13、 15g37 Current Antenna Standards 15g37.1 ETSI . 15g37.1.0 Impact of the RE Directive . 15g37.1.1 ETSI EN 302 217-4-1 (V1.4.1) (01-2010) 16g37.1.2 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 (V1.5.1) (01-2010) 16g37.1.3 ETSI EN 302 217-4 16g37.2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 101.115, 47 CFR Ch. I (10114 Edition) .
14、 16g37.3 Industry Canada Spectrum Management and Telecommunications - SRSP-370.1 issue 1 July 2015 (draft) 17g38 Conclusions 17g3Annex A (informative): Authors Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Late
15、st updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
16、 server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Group Specification (GS) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “sh
17、ould not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Executive
18、summary On the basis of selected applications and use cases in the millimetre wave band, especially in the V- and E-bands, and based on operators expectations as defined in ETSI GS mWT 002 i.1, appropriate antennas requirements have been identified. Several deployment scenarios as well as the releva
19、nce of antenna features. A current technology review and a status review of existing standards put in perspective the challenges that the industry is facing with those new requirements. Introduction The number and quality of services that can be offered in a given band highly depend on the efficient
20、 use of spectrum which is closely related to the performance of the antennas. Antenna functions are key when it comes to effective spectrum management and consequent service availability. The present document reflects a common agreement on how best to make spectrum available for the different use ca
21、ses in order to avoid delays, confusion, and missed opportunities. Antenna requirements for different mm-wave applications and use cases vary significantly. The variety of antenna options and requirements are of great relevance for different applications and use cases. While strict licencing and tou
22、gh antenna quality requirements may be the best solution in one application, another use case may call for a more self-organized deployment with antenna features that help avoid interference. ETSI ETSI GS mWT 006 V1.1.1 (2015-12)5 1 Scope The purpose of the present document is to provide an analysis
23、 on antennas to be used for millimetre wave transmission covering: Operators key expectations. Use cases (described in ETSI GS mWT 002 i.1) and related point to point and multipoint millimetre-wave (V-band and E-band) antenna requirements. Review of the current technological and regulatory status. D
24、efinition of terminology. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
25、reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot g
26、uarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For
27、specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity.
28、 The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI GS mWT 002: “millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT); Applications and use cases of millimetre wave transmission“. i.2 ETSI White P
29、aper No.9: “Overview on V-band and E-band worldwide regulations“. i.3 Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 19
30、99/5/EC. i.4 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 (V1.5.1) (01-2010): “Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Antennas; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equ
31、ipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependent requirements for antennas“. i.9 ETSI EN 302 217-4: “Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 4: Antennas“. i.10 Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 19
32、99 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview, common characteristics and system-dependent requirements“. i.12 ETSI EN 302 217-2: “Fixed Ra
33、dio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 2: Digital systems operating in frequency bands from 1,3 GHz to 86 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU“. i.13 ETSI EN 302 217-3: “Fixed Ra
34、dio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 3: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R 2) separable from the equipment using normal tools in field; 3) or be designed independently from the fixed radio equipment and connected
35、 to the radio equipment on the field through cable or waveguide. Separable antennas enable configurations in the field making the system more flexible and adjustable to specific requirements. Integrated antennas mean simplified logistics, easier installation and no electrical interface thats exposed
36、 to the environment. (See also clause 3.1). 5.3 Antenna Requirements for various deployment scenarios 5.3.0 Introduction When looking at the enablers for wireless transmission applications described in ETSI GS mWT 002 i.1 all use cases have a need for high frequency re-use and network densification,
37、 require an optimized TCO and rapid time-to-market of broadband services, and most use cases call for “non-telecom“-shaped equipment form factor/aesthetics. Network design and implementation practices however indicate that the relevance of specific antenna features depends on application, use case a
38、nd deployment scenario. This clause maps the use cases and applications described by ETSI GS mWT 002 i.1 to the three most relevant deployment scenarios and describes with which antenna features their specific challenges can be addressed. 5.3.1 Rooftop Installations Figure 2 Rooftop installations ar
39、e well supported by conventional antennas and current regulations. When equipping macrocells with mm-wave backhaul solutions, the motivation is typically higher throughput per cell site compared to the ones of legacy networks. Point-to-Point LOS radio link and regulation schemes that ensure interfer
40、ence-managed operation are preferred. Aesthetic concerns apply only in some places. For most installations a split-mount radio unit form factor is acceptable. ETSI ETSI GS mWT 006 V1.1.1 (2015-12)12 To reach last-mile distances of up to 5 km and target availability medium gain (40 dBi to 50 dBi) ant
41、ennas of ETSI class 2 to 4 are required with long known interference-managed operation. As pre-aggregation sites have to accommodate more and more backhaul links, antennas with very high frequency re-use capabilities, namely higher class antennas with better sidelobe suppression or dual polarization
42、 become more probable. Auto-alignment of radio units might be handy, in case it expedites drastically the installation time over relatively long transmission distances. This is done one-time during installation and does not justify beamsteering functionalities. Although temporary transmission links
43、for special events and emergency are not mandatorily installed on rooftop sites only, requirements for this use case are comparable to roof top installations. The main difference is that such links need to be quick to install which makes auto alignment functionalities more important. Typical roof to
44、p applications: Macro-cell mobile backhaul application (mobile network upgrade (existing cells) and expansion (new cells). Fronthaul for macro cells application (mobile network upgrade (existing cells) and expansion (new cells). Temporary infrastructure application (Special events and Public safety)
45、. TV signal relay application. Next-generation mobile transmission applications. Business-to-business application. Broadband connectivity to governmental buildings. 5.3.2 Street Level Installations Figure 3 In urban and sub-urban environments outdoor operator-managed small cells are placed at lamppo
46、sts, outside buildings walls, payphones, notice boards and similar public spots. This introduces a few new requirements for the backhaul solutions and antennas in particular. Roll-out has to be easy and fast, due to the “non-telecom“ professional working environment. Therefore, automation mechanisms
47、, such as self-alignment by beam-steering looks to be quite significant for efficient small-cell backhaul. If beemsteering is not available, low gain antennas with a wide opening angle make alignment easier. This goes along with the fact that only relatively short distances have to be covered. In lo
48、cations that are fully or partially isolated by surrounding obstacles (trees, buildings, hills, etc.) interference is limited by these obstacles and the directivity of the antenna becomes less significant. A trade-off between a highly demanding RPE and the cost/size/weight of the antennas, compatibl
49、e with the constraints is advisable. ETSI ETSI GS mWT 006 V1.1.1 (2015-12)13 At street-level radio propagation conditions express a more dynamic behaviour compared to roof top installations due to the increased phenomenon of multipath. In addition, clear LOS conditions are not always found because of obstacles (e.g. signposts) or could be variable (e.g. seasonal trees foliage). A wireless transmission technology that supports PtP/PtMP topologies, nLOS/NLOS radio propagation conditions and building penetration is desired.
