1、 ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05)Technical Report Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services;Transmission aspectsETSI ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05) 2Reference RTR/JTC-DVB-304 Keywords broadcasting, digital, DVB, MPEG, TV, video ETSI 650 Route des Lucio
2、les F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:
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6、the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. European Broadcasting Union 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of i
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8、 and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6g3Foreword . 6g3Introduction 7g31 Scope 9g32 References 9g32.1 Normative references . 9g32.2 Informative references 9g33 Symbols and abbreviations . 10g33.1 Symbols 10g33.2 Abbreviations
9、. 11g34 DVB-T system - outline . 13g34.1 Modes of operation . 13g34.1.1 Choice of modulation scheme and inner coding . 21g34.1.2 Choice of number of carriers 21g34.1.3 Choice between hierarchical and non-hierarchical mode . 22g34.1.3.1 Non-hierarchical mode 23g34.1.3.2 Hierarchical mode . 24g34.1.4
10、TPS explanation (use of TPS) . 25g34.2 Transmitter input signal 26g34.2.1 MPEG-2-TS multiplex signal . 27g34.2.1.1 Services and bit-rates 27g34.2.1.2 Some technical background 27g34.2.2 Relation to DVB-C and DVB-S signals 28g34.3 Transmitter output signal 28g34.3.1 Power definition as RMS value 28g3
11、4.3.2 Spectrum mask to limit adjacent channel interference 28g34.3.3 Characterization of behaviour for planning by protection ratios 29g35 Basic aspects of DVB-T networks . 29g35.1 MFN or conventionally planned networks . 29g35.1.1 Principle of MFN 29g35.1.2 Frequency resources needed for MFN 29g35.
12、1.3 Non-synchronous operation 30g35.1.4 Excess power 30g35.2 Single Frequency Networks (SFN) 30g35.2.1 Principle 30g35.2.2 Frequency efficiency. 30g35.2.3 Power efficiency . 31g35.2.4 Synchronous operation . 31g35.3 MFN with local dense SFN around each MFN transmitter 31g35.4 Gap-filler 31g35.4.1 Pr
13、ofessional gap fillers 32g35.4.2 Domestic gap fillers 32g36 Setting up DVB-T transmitters . 33g36.1 RF issues, existing sites/sharing with analogue 33g36.1.1 Use of existing antenna . 33g36.1.1.1 RF combining 34g36.1.1.2 Multi-channel amplification 34g36.1.2 New antenna dedicated to digital terrestr
14、ial TV . 36g37 Setting up DVB-T distribution networks . 36g37.1 Basic aspects of primary distribution . 36g37.1.1 Centralized generation of the COFDM signal 36g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05) 47.1.2 Decentralized generation of the COFDM signal . 36g37.1.2.1 Unequipped optical fibre (“Dark fib
15、re“) 36g37.1.2.2 PDH networks . 37g37.1.2.3 SDH networks . 37g37.1.2.4 ATM networks 37g37.1.2.5 Satellite distribution 37g37.1.3 Distribution network considerations for hierarchical modulation . 37g37.2 Synchronization 38g37.2.1 MPEG timing aspects . 38g37.2.2 Synchronization of MPEG multiplexer and
16、 modulator. 38g37.3 Network control and monitoring 39g38 SFN operation 39g38.1 Short recall on SFN exclusive features. 39g38.2 Different implementation possibilities . 39g38.2.1 Re-amplification of the signal at the RF level 39g38.2.2 Analogue distribution of the COFDM signal 40g38.2.3 Digital distr
17、ibution of the MPEG stream 40g38.3 SFN constraints 40g38.3.1 Frequency synchronization . 40g38.3.2 Time synchronization . 41g38.3.3 Bit level synchronization 41g38.3.4 Energy dispersal synchronization . 41g38.4 Network constraints 41g38.4.1 Cable/satellite/terrestrial commonalties 41g38.4.2 Maximum
18、time spread in the network 41g38.4.3 Transit times stability 42g38.4.4 Possible candidates for absolute time reference 42g38.4.5 Remote control of distributed transmitters 42g38.5 The mega-frame solution 42g38.5.1 Why a mega-frame is necessary . 42g38.5.2 The Mega-frame solution 43g38.5.3 Mega-frame
19、 definition 44g38.5.4 MIP format 45g38.5.5 A possible implementation . 45g38.6 Hierarchical modes particularities 45g38.6.1 Multiple channels network adapters . 45g38.6.2 HP/LP time synchronization . 46g39 Network planning . 47g39.1 Coverage definitions for fixed and portable reception . 48g39.1.1 I
20、ntroduction. 48g39.1.2 Fixed antenna reception 48g39.1.3 Portable antenna reception 48g39.1.4 Coverage area . 49g39.1.5 Examples of practical usage 49g39.2 Minimum field strength considerations 50g39.2.1 Minimum receiver signal input levels . 50g39.2.2 Signals levels for planning 51g39.2.2.1 General
21、 51g39.2.2.2 Fixed antenna reception 52g39.2.2.2.1 Antenna directivity and gain 52g39.2.2.2.2 Minimum median power flux density and equivalent field strength . 53g39.2.2.3 Portable antenna reception 55g39.2.2.3.1 General 55g39.2.2.3.2 Criteria for portable reception of digital TV 56g39.2.2.3.3 Minim
22、um median power flux density and equivalent field strength . 60g39.3 Aspects of sharing with existing services . 66g39.3.1 Protection ratios 67g39.3.1.1 DVB-T interfered with by DVB-T 67g39.3.1.2 DVB-T interfered with by analogue television . 68g39.3.1.2.1 Co-channel protection ratios 68g3ETSI ETSI
23、TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05) 59.3.1.2.2 Lower adjacent channel (n - 1) 69g39.3.1.2.3 Upper adjacent channel (n + 1) 69g39.3.1.2.4 Image channel 69g39.3.1.2.5 Overlapping channels 69g39.3.1.3 Analogue TV interfered with by DVB-T 70g39.3.1.3.1 Co-channel protection ratios 70g39.3.1.3.2 Lower adjacent c
24、hannel (n - 1) 70g39.3.1.3.3 Upper adjacent channel (n + 1) 71g39.3.1.3.4 Image channel 71g39.3.1.3.5 Overlapping channels 72g39.3.1.4 Sound signals associated with analogue television, interfered with by DVB-T 73g39.3.1.5 DVB-T interfered with by T-DAB 74g39.3.1.6 T-DAB interfered with by DVB-T 74g
25、39.3.2 Procedures for the protection of analogue TV services 75g39.3.2.1 Establishment of the size of analogue TV coverage areas 75g39.3.2.2 Protection on national boundaries . 76g39.3.3 Protection of other services . 77g39.3.4 Protection of previously co-ordinated digital TV services 77g39.4 Requir
26、ed C/N values assuming an ideal transmission chain 78g39.4.1 Introduction. 78g39.4.2 Using Gaussian (AWGN), Ricean (F1) and Rayleigh (P1) channels 78g39.4.3 Using Rice (F6) and Rayleigh (P6) simplified channel profiles . 82g39.4.3.1 Definition of Ricean (F6) and Rayleigh (P6) channel profiles 82g39.
27、4.3.1.1 Definition of the 6-path Rice (F6) channel profile 82g39.4.3.1.2 Definition of the 6-path Rayleigh (P6) channel profile . 83g39.4.3.2 Simulation Results using Ricean (F6) and Rayleigh (P6) channel profiles . 84g3History 87g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05) 6Intellectual Property Rights
28、IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or
29、 potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been car
30、ried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by Joint Technical Com
31、mittee (JTC) Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comit Europen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific
32、 field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organiz
33、ations whose work includes the co-ordination of its members activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva. European Broadcasting Union CH-1218 GRAN
34、D SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 717 21 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81 The Digital Video Broadcasting Project (DVB) is an industry-led consortium of broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software developers, regulatory bodies, content owners and others committed to designing global st
35、andards for the delivery of digital television and data services. DVB fosters market driven solutions that meet the needs and economic circumstances of broadcast industry stakeholders and consumers. DVB standards cover all aspects of digital television from transmission through interfacing, conditio
36、nal access and interactivity for digital video, audio and data. The consortium came together in 1993 to provide global standardisation, interoperability and future proof specifications. ETSI ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05) 7Introduction The present document gives the first guidelines for implementa
37、tion of Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T) transmitting networks. Its primary intention is to be a guide to the transmission aspects, while receiver aspects have not been dealt with. The present document describes the main features of the DVB Terrestrial (DVB-T) system and gives guidelin
38、es for setting up of DVB-T transmitting networks. This includes a general description of network topologies for Single Frequency Networks (SFN) and Multi-Frequency Networks (MFN), the possibilities and constraints when sharing transmitting sites with analogue TV and a summary of planning parameters.
39、 A basic introduction to distribution of MPEG-2 Transport Streams (TS) to DVB-T transmitters, including the timing aspects, is also included. Distribution of signals to SFNs is dealt with in order to give guidelines for the particular constraints this network structure implies to the distribution of
40、 signals. Updates to the present document will be produced when more results from DVB-T compliant hardware tests and experience from field trials become available. Objective The present document describes the Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T (see EN 300 744 i.5) specification for digita
41、l terrestrial TV broadcasting. It tries to draw attention to the technical questions that need to be answered in setting up a DVB-T network and offers some guidance in finding answers to them. It does not cover issues linked to the content of the broadcasts such as Service Information (SI), Electron
42、ic Programme Guides (EPG) and Access Control (CA). Guidelines for implementation of MPEG-2 and Service Information (SI) can be found in ETR 154 i.1 and ETR 211 i.2. Target readers The present document is aimed at the Technical Departments of broadcasting organizations that are considering implementi
43、ng digital terrestrial TV. It assumes that readers are familiar with analogue broadcasting networks but have only a general knowledge of digital broadcasting techniques. Contributors The present document was initially prepared by members of Module 1 of ACTS project VALIDATE including broadcasters an
44、d the EBU, network operators and professional and domestic equipment manufacturers. Outline of the present document DVB-T system - outline (see clause 4). Clause 4 describes the DVB-T (see EN 300 744 i.5) specification and the choice of modes of operation the broadcaster has to make in implementing
45、it. The reason for the range of choices is the different applications foreseen and the different introduction scenarios expected in different countries. The parameters that can be chosen for a given application are: a) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) length, which specifies the number of carriers (2k 1
46、 705 carriers; 8k 6 817 carriers); b) carrier modulation (QPSK 2 bit per carrier; 16-QAM 4 bit; 64-QAM 6 bit); c) code rate of inner error protection (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8); d) guard interval length (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32); e) non-hierarchical or hierarchical modulation and modulation parameter .
47、ETSI ETSI TR 101 190 V1.3.2 (2011-05) 8The choice of mode will set the data capacity of the system and will affect the coverage of different kinds of receiving installation - fixed roof-top antennas or portable receivers. The different modes are described and the factors affecting the choice of mode
48、 are explained. The transmitter input signal is specified as an MPEG-2-TS, which may contain several TV programmes and possibly some sound/data only programmes. The Guide gives some advice on the bit-rates needed for different services and explains some of the terms relevant to MPEG-2 multiplexing.
49、It also explains how the DVB-T (see EN 300 744 i.5) specification is related to the DVB Cable (DVB-C) (see EN 300 429 i.4) and DVB Satellite (DVB-S) (see EN 300 421 i.3) specifications for cable and satellite broadcasting. Finally, the transmitter output signal is described in a qualitative way, explaining how its properties affect the interference it can cause to other services. Basic aspects of DVB-T networks (see clause 5) DVB-T networks can be planned in the same way as analogue networks, using an individual set of radio frequencies
