1、TR 1 O1 221 1.1.1 (1999-03) Technical Report Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); User guideline for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite STD-ETSI TR lO1 221-ENGL 1999 = 3400855 0387912 O42 W 2 TR 101 221 V1.l.l (1999-03) Reference DTWJTC-DVB-83 (bb00
2、0iCS.PDF) Keywords DVB, digital, video, broadcasting, TV, SNG ETSI Postal address F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Siret No 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Gra
3、se (06) No 780388 Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Internet secretariata etsi.fr Individual copies of this ETSI deliverable can be downloaded from http:/www.etsi.org If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: editorOetsi.fr Cowriaht Notification No pari may be re
4、produced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. Q European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1999. O European Broadcasting Union 1999. All rights reserved. ETSI STD-ETSI TR 101 Z21-ENGL 1999 3400855 0387933 TB
5、 m TR 101 221 V1.l.l (1999-03) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 4 Foreword 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 References . 6 3 Symbols and abbreviations 8 3.1 Symbols . 8 3.2 Abbreviations . 9 4 Analysis of the capabilities of the DVB-DSNG system 11 4.1 Users requirements 11 4.2 Source coding tra
6、nsport multiplexing and service information 11 4.3 4.4 Examples of use ofthe system . 16 4.4.1 Link budget - generic hypothesis 19 4.4.2 DSNG Examples 21 4.4.3 Fixed contribution links . 24 4.4.4 5 5.1 5.2 Channel coding and modulation . 13 Interfacing with terrestrial telecommunications networks 24
7、 Analysis of the Co-ordination channels capabilities 26 Summary of the Co-ordination channel system 26 Examples of use of the DVB-DSNG System with their associated Co-ordination channels 30 6 Conclusions . 34 Bibliography 35 History 36 ETSI STD-ETSI TR 101 221-ENGL 1999 3400855 0387734 915 II 4 TR 1
8、01 221 Vl.l.1 (1999-03) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in SR O00 3 14: “I
9、ntellectual Propers, Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notifed to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/www.etsi.org/ipr). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no
10、investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR O00 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report
11、 (TR) has been produced by the Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comit Europen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). NOTE: The EBUIETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to Co-
12、ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is
13、a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the Co-ordination of its members activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is i
14、n Geneva. European Broadcasting Union CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 2271721 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Roject Founded in September 1993, the DVB Project is a market-led consortium of public and private sector organizations in the television indus
15、try. Its aim is to establish the framework for the introduction of WEG-2 based digital television services. Now comprising over 200 organizations from more than 25 countries around the world, DVB fosters market-led systems, which meet the real needs, and economic circumstances, of the consumer elect
16、ronics and the broadcast industry. ETSI 5 TR 101 221 V1.l.l (19%-OS) Introduction In modern day broadcasting, dominated by increasing competition, a real-time acquisition of news events (for example sport meetings, interviews, concerts, calamities), in both the domestic and international environment
17、s, is a major factor in the search for audience ratings. In this context, Satellite News Gathering (SNG) provided by light weight transmit terminals with small antennas (for example 90 cm to 150 cm) is the solution to establish rapid connections between outside broadcasting units to the TV studios,
18、without requiring a local access to the fixed telecom network. The commercial introduction of small digital equipment for video and sound compression, advanced error protection and modulation has recently enabled the development of operational Digital SNG (DSNG) systems with a number of advantages o
19、ver the analogue solution. Among these, the most significant are the “miniaturisation“ of the up-link terminal, the use of lower power (EIRP), and a more efficient use of the frequency spectrum. This digital technology permits the simultaneously transmission of multiple signals through a satellite t
20、ransponder, significantly increasing the flexibility of transponder access and reducing the cost per channel. The inherent flexibility of the digital solution allows fulfilling the different quality requirements of satellite transmission of news, sport events, and entertainment by operating the vide
21、o/audio compression algorithm at the appropriate bit-rates. Moreover, the digital system ruggedness against noise and interference offers a constant picture and sound quality at the receiving site. In 1993-1994 the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project developed the specification of a digital mul
22、ti-programme television system for satellite broadcasting DVB-S (EN 300 421 5). With the world-wide success of this system, it became more and more clear that it could be suitable also for DSNG applications with significant cost, performance and flexibility advantages over the previous systems. In J
23、uly 1997, the Technical Module of the DVB Project Set-up an Ad-Hoc Group on DSNG with the tasks: - to define the specification for modulationkhanne1 coding for DSNG and other contribution applications by satellite (EN 301 210 l); to define the specification for the auxiliary co-ordination channels (
24、EN 301 222 2); and to Co-operate with other DVB groups for the definition of the user guidelines for Source coding, Service Information (SI) and scrambling for Conditional Access (CA); i.e. the present document. - - This standardization activity has led to the definition of a flexible DVB-DSNG syste
25、m, which can offer a range of different picture quality levels at various bit-rates and of different modulation and channel coding schemes. STD=ETSI TR LO1 221-ENGL 1999 = 3400855 0387916 798 6 TR 101 221 V1.l.l (1999-03) 1 Scope The purpose of the present document is to facilitate the interpretatio
26、n of the technical concepts included in the DVB specifications related to DSNG transmission: - Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite (EN 301 210 l); and Co-ordination channels associated with Digi
27、tal Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) (EN 301 222 2). - The present document gives an overview of the technical and operational issues relevant to the system, including service quality and link availability evaluation for typical DSNG and fixed contribution links. 2 Ref e rences The following document
28、s contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-
29、specific reference, the latest version applies. A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same number. Pl EN 301 210: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Digital Satellite News Gat
30、hering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite“. Pl EN 301 222: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Co-ordination channels associated with Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)“. ISO/IEC 13818-1: “Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio inform
31、ation: Systems“. ISOIIEC 13818-2: “Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video“. 131 41 SI EN 300 421: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services“. EN 50083-9: “Interfaces
32、 for CATV/SMATV Headends and similar Professional Equipment“. ETR 154: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications“. EN 300 468: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specificat
33、ion for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems“. TBR 30 (1997): “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) operating in the 11-12/13-14 GHz frequency bands“. ETS 300 327: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite News
34、Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) (13-14/1 1-12 GHz)“. 61 71 BI Pl u01 ETSI 7 TR 101 221 Vl.l.l (1999-03) 111 ETS 300 673 (1997): “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for 416 GHz and 11/12/14 GHz Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) equipme
35、nt and 11/12/13/14 GHz Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Station (TES) equipment“. ETS 300 813: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interfaces to Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) networks“. ETR 162: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Allocation of Service Information (SI) c
36、odes for DVB systems“. ETR 21 1: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI)“. ITU-R Recommendation BT.1121-1 (1995): “User requirements for the transmission through contribution and primary distribution network of digital HDTV signals“. ITU-
37、R Recommendation BT.1205 (1995): “User requirements for the quality of baseband SDTV and HDTV signals when transmitted by digital satellite news gathering (SNG)“. ITU-R Recommendation SNG.722-1 (1992): “Uniform technical standards (analogue) for Satellite News Gathering (SNG)“. ITU-R Recommendation
38、SNG.770- 1 (1993): “Uniform operational procedures for Satellite News Gathering (SNG)“. ITU-R Recommendation SNG.771-1 (1 993): “Auxiliary coordination satellite circuits for SNG terminais“. -R Recommendation SNG. 1007-1 (1995): “Uniform technical standards (digital) for Satellite News Gathering (SN
39、G)“. -R Recommendation SNG. 1070 (1993): “An automatic transmitter identification system (ATIS) for analogue-modulation transmissions for Satellite News Gathering and outside broadcasts“. ITU-R Recommendation SNG.1152 (1995): “Use of digital transmission techniques for Satellite News Gathering (SNG)
40、 (sound)“. Void. ITU-T Recommendation G.729: “Coding of speech at 8 kbii/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-code-excited linear-prediction“. ITU-T Recommendation V. 1 1: “Electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange circuits operating at data signailing rates up to 10 Mbids“
41、. ANSEIA RS232E: “Interface between data terminal equipment and data-circuit terminating equipment employing serial binary data interchange“. ITU-T Recommendation G.702: “Digital hierarchy bit rates“. EBU technical Review (1998): “New DVB standard for DSNG and contribution satellite links“, A. Morel
42、lo, V. Mignone. ETR 289: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems“. TR 102 154: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and
43、terrestrial contribution broadcasting applications“. ETSI 8 TR 101 221 V1.l.l (1999-03) 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Roll-off factor Eflo degradation at the target BER Ratio of the spectrum density of the DSNG signal a
44、nd of each Co-ordination signal divided by the spreading factor L Modulatiodcoding spectral efficiency (bits per transmitted symbol) Antenna diameter Is a parameter related to the ratio between C/N and c/I Interference power suppression of each Co-ordination channel by the baseband filter of the DSN
45、G receiver Carrier-to-noise power ratio Carrier-to-interference power ratio Convolutional code free distance Convolutional code free distance Ratio between the energy per useful bit and twice the two sided noise power spectral density Centre frequency of a modulated signal Nyquist frequency Nyquist
46、frequency RS code generator polynomial Convolutional code generators ML-sequence generators Spreading sequences generators Baseband square root Raised Cosine filtering in the modulator Interleaving depth bytes In-phase, Quadrature phase components of the modulated signal Branch index of the interlea
47、ver Convolutional code constraint length Rate of the punctured convolutional code Spreading sequence length (Spreading Factor) (bit) Number of transmitted bits per constellation symbol Convolutional interleaver branch depth for j = 1, M = N/I Number of Co-ordination carriers transmitted in CDMA conf
48、iguration Error protected frame length (bytes) STD-ETSI TR 303 223-ENGL 3999 I 3400855 0387939 IT7 9 TR 101 221 V1.l.l (1999-03) RS field generator polynomial Useful bit-rate before multiplexer in-band ripple (dB) Symbol rate corresponding to the bilateral Nyquist bandwidth of the modulated signal S
49、ymbol rate corresponding to the bilateral Nyquist bandwidth of the modulated signal before spread-spectrum Chip symbol rate corresponding to the bilateral Nyquist bandwidth of the modulated signal after ss Rate of the trellis code Useful bit rate after MPEG-2 (ISOIIEC 13818-13) transport multiplexer, referred to the 188 byte format Useful bit-rate after multiplexer, before channel encoder Bit rate after RS outer coder, referred to the 204 byte format Number of bytes which can be corrected in RS error protected packet Symbol period Period of unspread sy
