1、 ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02) PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); MIMO PLT; Part 2: Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT EMI Measurements Technical Report ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)2Reference RTR/PLT-00037 Keywords MIMO, powerline ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia An
2、tipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The pre
3、sent document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printer
4、s of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/s
5、tatus/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restric
6、tion extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2012. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of it
7、s Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g
8、32.2 Informative references 6g33 Symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Symbols 7g33.2 Abbreviations . 7g33.2.1 Abbreviations used for feeding styles . 8g34 Major Project Phases 8g35 Motivation 9g36 Measurement Description. 9g36.1 Introduction 9g36.2 General Requirements for the Measurements. 11g36.3 Ra
9、diation Measurements (k-factor) 11g36.3.1 Set-Up . 11g36.3.2 Calibration of NWA 13g36.3.3 Signal Injection . 15g36.3.4 Calculation of the Final k-Factor 18g36.4 Subjective Evaluation of the Interference to Radio Broadcast . 20g36.4.1 General 20g36.4.2 Verification and Calibration . 21g36.4.3 Measure
10、ment Procedure . 21g36.5 General Equipment List 22g36.5.1 Coaxial Cables 22g36.5.2 Network Analyzer . 23g36.5.3 Probes to Connect to the LVDN . 23g36.5.4 Amplifier 23g36.5.5 Filter to Isolate Measurement Devices from Mains 24g37 Statistical Evaluation of Results . 24g37.1 k-Factor 24g37.2 Interferen
11、ce Threshold of FM Radio Broadcasts 30g3Annex A: Alternative Procedure for NWA Calibration if Amplifier Output Power is too high for NWA Input 33g3Annex B: Software for Automatic File Naming 34g3B.1 General . 34g3B.2 Main Dialog 34g3B.3 Antenna Location Description Dialog 35g3B.4 Feed Point Descript
12、ion Dialog . 36g3B.5 Help for Injection Types. 37g3B.6 File Formats 37g3B.7 Creation of Data for the FTP Server 38g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)4Annex C: Bibliography 39g3History 40g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essenti
13、al to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified
14、 to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the
15、 existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). The present
16、 document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering the MIMO PLT as identified below: Part 1: “Measurement Methods of MIMO PLT“; Part 2: “Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT EMI Measurements“; Part 3: “Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT Channel and Noise Measurements“. Introduction
17、 The STF 410 (Special Task Force) was set up in order to study and compare MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) characteristics of the LVDN network in different countries. The present document is one of three parts of TR 101 562 which contain the findings of the STF 410 research. ETSI ETSI TR 101 5
18、62-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)61 Scope MIMO PLT EMI is a review and statistical analysis which takes into account such matters as earthing variation, country variation, operator differences, phasing and distribution topologies, domestic, industrial and housing types along with local network loading. 2 Refere
19、nces References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Refe
20、renced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references
21、 The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area
22、. i.1 Sartenaer, T. Zeddam, T. Chonavel, “MIMO Communications for Inhome PLC Networks: Measurements and Results up to 100 MHz“, IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC), Rio, Brasil, March 2010. i.3 A. Schwager, “Powerline Communications: Significant Tec
23、hnologies to become Ready for Integration“ Doctoral Thesis at University of Duisburg-Essen, May 2010. i.4 ETSI TR 102 175 (V1.1.1): “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); Channel characterization and measurement methods“. i.5 ETSI TR 101 562-1 (V1.3.1): “Powerline Telecommunications (PLT); MIMO PLT; P
24、art 1: Measurement Methods of MIMO PLT“. i.6 ETSI TR 102 616 (V1.1.1): “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); Report from PlugtestsTM2007 on coexistence between PLT and short wave radio broadcast; Test cases and results“. i.7 ITU-R Recommendation BS.1284: “General methods for the subjective assessment
25、 of sound quality“. i.8 SCHWARZBECK MESS - ELEKTRONIK; EFS 9218: “Active Electric Field Probe with Biconical Elements and built-in Amplifier 9 kHz . 300 MHz“. NOTE: See http:/www.schwarzbeck.de/Datenblatt/m9218.pdf. i.9 ETSI TR 101 562-3 (V1.1.1): “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); MIMO PLT; Part
26、3: Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT Channel and Noise Measurements“. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)7i.10 R 9 kHz - 30 MHz“. NOTE: See http:/www2.rohde- i.11 CISPR 11 (Ed. 5.0): “Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and
27、methods of measurement“. i.12 CISPR 22 (Ed. 6.0): “Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement“. 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: A or Att Attenuation in dB E El
28、ectrical Field strength in dBV/m H Magnetic field in dBA/m k Coupling factor in dB(V/m)-dBm P Power in dBm PSD Power Spectral Density in dBm/Hz sxyScattering parameter in dB U Voltage in dBV 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AF Antenna Fac
29、tor AM Amplitude Modulation ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange BNC Bayonet Nut Connector CDF Cumulative Distribution Function CM Common Mode CSV Comma Separated Values DC Direct Current DM Differential Mode E Protective Earth Contact EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI Electr
30、o Magnetic Interference FD Frequency Domain FM Frequency ModulationFTP File Transfer Protocol GPS Global Positioning System HF High Frequency HIFI High Fidelity IF Intermediate Frequency LCZC Line Cycle Zero Crossing LISN Line Impedance Stabilization Network LVDN Low Voltage Distribution Network MIM
31、O Multiple Input Multiple Output N Neutral Contact NOTE: Used as decoupling filter. NWA Network Analyser ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)8P Phase or Live Contact PC Personal ComputerPE Protective Earth PLC PowerLine Communication PLT PowerLine Telecommunications PSD Power Spectral Density RF
32、Radio Frequency Rx Receiver SINPO Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, Overall SISO Single Input Single Output STF Special Task Force TD Time Domain Tx TransmitterVHF Very High Frequency 3.2.1 Abbreviations used for feeding styles APN Signal feed mode: Dual wire feed (version C of clause 7.1.4.
33、5 in i.5) to input P|N E in figure 28 in i.5 CM Signal feed mode: Common mode, P, N, E terminated to ground EP Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between E and P, PN and NE terminated EP-NET Signal feed mode: Differential between E and P, only NE terminated EPNT Signal feed mode: DELTA (differen
34、tial) between E and P, PN and NE not terminated NE Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between N and E, PN and EP terminated NE-EPT Signal feed mode: Differential between N and E, only EP terminated NENT Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between N and E, PN and EP not terminated PN Signal fe
35、ed mode: DELTA (differential) between P and N, NE and EP terminated PNE Signal feed mode: Dual wire feed (version C of clause 7.1.4.5 in i.5) to input P|N E in figure 28 in i.5 PNNT Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between P and N, NE and EP not terminated (SISO) 4 Major Project Phases Table 1
36、 No. Period Topic Event 01 Sept. 2010 Project organization Definition of targets, what and how to measure STF 410 Preparatory Meeting Stuttgart, Germany 02 Nov 2010 Setup of MIMO PLT measurements (EMI, Channel and Noise) Several STF 410 phone conferences. Drafting of measurement specification 03 Dec
37、. 2010 1stversion of the STF410 couplers Coupler to send and receive MIMO PLT signals developed 04 Jan 2011 and later Verification of couplers and filters developed for STF410.14 identical couplers are manufactured and shipped to the STF experts Couplers are used by STF410 experts in field measureme
38、nts in private homes 05 March 2011 Agreement on STF410 logistics, when and where to perform field measurements 06 April 2011 Approval of 1stTR on STF410 couplers ETSI PLT#59 07 March 2011 to June 2011 Field measurements in Spain, Germany, France, Belgium and the United Kingdom 08 June 2011 Statistic
39、al evaluation of results Several STF 410 phone conferences 09 July 2011 Approval of 2ndTR on EMI results ETSI PLT #60 10 Oct. 2010 to August 2011 Evaluation of worldwide presence of PE wire 11 June to August 2011 Drafting and STF 410 review and approval process 12 Sept. 2011 Presentation of channel
40、and noise measurement to ETSI PLT plenary ETSI PLT #61 ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-2 V1.2.1 (2012-02)9No. Period Topic Event 13 Oct 2011 Revision and rearrangement of TR content for all 3 parts 14 Nov 2012 Approval of all 3 parts of TR 101 562 ETSI PLT #62 5 Motivation PLT systems available today use only
41、one transmission path between two outlets. It is the differential mode channel between the phase (or live) and neutral contact of the mains. These systems are called SISO (Single Input Single Output) modems. In contrast, MIMO PLT systems make use of the third wire, PE (Protective Earth), which provi
42、des several transmission combinations for feeding and receiving signals into and from the LVDN. Various research publications i.1, i.2 or i.3 describe that up to 8 transmission paths might be used simultaneously. Further description of: motivation for MIMO PLT; installation types and the existence o
43、f the PE wire in private homes; measurement Setup description to record throughput communication parameters and their results; can be found in i.5 and i.9. 6 Measurement Description 6.1 Introduction EMI properties of the LVDN can be recorded in Time- (TD) or in Frequency Domain (FD). The pros and co
44、ns of each measure were evaluated early on by STF 410. It was concluded that the FD approach is better suited for the following reasons. Most of the earlier EMC measurements relating to PLC were performed in FD. Thus the comparison between the results obtained by STF 410 and those of the past is muc
45、h easier in FD. The human ear is essentially an FD analyser. Interferences assessed by human ears like the SINPO measurements use Consumer Electronic devices like AM or FM radio receivers. Such measurements were performed in i.6 and i.7. MIMO test signals are fed to all Tx paths simultaneously or se
46、quentially. These investigations are conducted with a pulsed signal to allow recognition by the human ear-brain-chain. NOTE: See http:/stason.org/TULARC/radio/shortwave/08-What-is-SINPO-SIO-Shortwave-radio.html. Field levels are monitored with a calibrated antenna, which is straight forward to proce
47、ss in FD. EMI measurements in TD have the risk that periodicities in the transmitted PN-sequence may cause additional spurs. Furthermore, the measurement dynamic does not seem to be adequate in TD. EMI principally occurs during transmissions of PLC modems and is considered in statistical evaluations
48、. FD measurements can be done using a comb generator and spectrum (or EMI) analyser. This setup has the benefit that transmitter and receiver do not need to be synchronized. On the other hand the dynamic range or frequency resolution is limited due to the feeding energy of the comb generator needing
49、 to be shared among all signal carriers. Alternatively, a sweeping source like a network analyser (NWA) might be used. Special care must be taken with signals received by the antenna, as they can be influenced by additional signals being picked up through the long cables connecting the antenna to the NWA. To minimize this effect, double shielded cables, common mode absorption devices (CMADs) and ferrites have to be installed. This measu
