1、 ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05)Technical Report PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT);MIMO PLT Universal Coupler,Operating Instructions - DescriptionETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 2Reference DTR/PLT-00033 Keywords coupling, MIMO, powerline ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis C
2、edex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present docu
3、ment may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the
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5、tus.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction exte
6、nd to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the be
7、nefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (
8、2011-05) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Introduction 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Symbols and abbreviations . 5g33.1 Symbols 5g33.2 Abbreviations . 6g34 Major Project Phases 6g35 Motivation 6g36 MIMO PLT Universa
9、l Coupler 7g37 Safety note 8g38 Objectives of the MIMO PLT (STF 410) design . 8g39 Technical Data of Couplers 9g39.1 Impedance conditions . 9g39.2 Insertion Loss . 10g310 Operation 10g310.1 SISO transmit and SISO receive (example P-N to P-N) 10g310.2 MIMO symmetric transmit (example N-E), MIMO recei
10、ve star plus CM . 11g310.3 MIMO asymmetric transmit (example N-E), MIMO receive star plus CM . 11g310.4 SISO common mode transmit and SISO common mode receive . 12g310.5 Alternative MIMO mode using dual wire feed. 13g311 Circuit diagram . 15g312 Measurement Results . 17g312.1 SISO . 17g312.2 MIMO sy
11、mmetric . 18g312.3 MIMO Delta transmit to star receive 19g312.4 Common mode Reception . 21g312.5 Alternative MIMO modes (dual wire feed) 22g3Annex A: Bibliography 23g3History 24g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 4Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the presen
12、t document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in resp
13、ect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the
14、 existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). Introductio
15、n In order to study and compare MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) characteristics of the LVDN network in different countries the STF 410 (Special Task Force) was set up. The present document is one of three TRs which present the result of the work of STF 410. The present document describes the u
16、niversal couplers used for feeding and receiving MIMO PLT signals. The other TRs created by STF410 utilize the couplers described here. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 51 Scope The present document is a description of the MIMO PLT couplers used for feeding and receiving signals to and from the
17、 mains grid. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amen
18、dments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1
19、Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a par
20、ticular subject area. i.1 Sartenaer, T. installation types and the existence of the PE wire in private homes; measurement setup description to record throughput communication parameters and their result; can be found in the further documents published by STF410. 6 MIMO PLT Universal Coupler Figure 1
21、: Photograph of coupler from top Figure 2: Photograph of coupler, case opened ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 87 Safety note STF 410 MIMO coupler are designed and built with great care. STF 410 couplers have to be used exclusively for tests carried out by instructed personnel. It is recognized
22、 that the connection of the Protective Earth of the STF 410 MIMO couplers does not comply with safety standards for commercial products. For best protection of the connected instruments, it is recommended: - to first switch off all interfaces; - then to connect the instruments; - then to connect the
23、 coupler to the mains; and - then switch on whatever is required for the operation (see clause 9). 8 Objectives of the MIMO PLT (STF 410) design General requirements: Safety for field use by instructed personnel (but no formal safety test). Safety for connected test equipment (50 Hz level, surge pro
24、tection). Well defined electrical characteristics to get reproducible measurement results (namely well defined impedance matching conditions for sender and receiver). Following objectives were defined by STF 410: The frequency range should be extended to 100 MHz. The coupler(s) should allow the meas
25、urement of: - Transfer function. - Noise level. - Symmetrical input impedances. - k-factor (i.e. strength of the radiated field at a distance of 10 m with an available source power of 0 dBm). If possible one single type coupler for all functions. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 99 Technical Da
26、ta of Couplers 9.1 Impedance conditions Impedance conditions are defined to the center point C (see schematic diagram clause 10). P ENEPNEPNCMDifferential mode impedanceexample N-Emainsslide switchlever positionDifferential mode (Delta) inputs: via baluns 50 to 200 (measured impedance to be multipli
27、ed by 4) Figure 3: Coupler in impedance measurement mode Common mode (CM) inputs: via balun 50 to 200 . Star inputs (P, N, E): direct 50 in each leg. Characteristic impedance of mains cable, third conductor open circuited: approximately 80 . Characteristic impedance of common mode transformer windin
28、gs: third conductor open circuited: - approximately 80 . ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 10Test pad: A test or calibration pad was realized to verify impedances of the probes. Figure 4: Test pad: Schematic and photo Characteristic impedance of test pad, (without cables and Schuko connectors):
29、third connection open circuited: - 80 . 9.2 Insertion Loss See measurement results in clause 11. 10 Operation The following figures show the connections to MIMO sender and receiver and the position of the slide switches for the different operation modes. 10.1 SISO transmit and SISO receive (example
30、P-N to P-N) SISO PNP E N PE NEP NEPNINOUTPNEP NECM CMslide switchlever positionchannelSISOtransmit / receive P-NFigure 5: Coupler in SISO attenuation measurement mode ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 1110.2 MIMO symmetric transmit (example N-E), MIMO receive star plus CM MIMO symtransmit N-EP E
31、NP ENEP NEPNSenderPNEP NECMCM50 50channelReceiverslide switchlever positionFigure 6: Coupler in MIMO symmetric transmit and MIMO receive (star plus CM) mode 10.3 MIMO asymmetric transmit (example N-E), MIMO receive star plus CM MIMO asymtransmit N-EP E NP ENEP NEPNSenderPNEP NECMCM50channelReceivero
32、ffslide switchlever positionFigure 7: Coupler in MIMO asymmetric transmit and MIMO receive (star plus CM) mode ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 1210.4 SISO common mode transmit and SISO common mode receive (Not a proposal for practical deployment.) CM transmissionP EN PENEP NEPNSenderPNEP NECMC
33、MchannelReceiver50 50 50 5050 50slide switchlever positionFigure 8: Coupler in SISO common mode transmit and receive mode ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 1310.5 Alternative MIMO mode using dual wire feed Figure 9: Coupler in dual wire feed mode Version A: The short circuit between P and N is n
34、ot perfect, because the balun represent a transmission line of about 34 cm of electrical length and Zo = 200 at the secondary. At 30 MHz P and N are “shorted“ with about j 43 , at 80 MHz with j 115 . Version B: There is enough space inside the Schuko plug of the coupler, to mount a 4,7 nF capacitor
35、inside. For frequencies above 5 MHz this type of short circuit is more effective. The internal coupling to the open third wire is small due to the symmetric construction of the coupler. It should be negligible. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 14Dual wire feed version B 4,7 nF 1 000 V polypropy
36、lene capacitor mounted into the Schuko plug Figure 10: Coupler in dual wire feed version B mode Version C: Using a differential choke to feed commonly P and N wires ensures a very symmetric dual feed injection for all the frequency range of interest. This is implemented in an additional extension bo
37、x to avoid the need of modifying the original couplers. This box contains not only this choke, but both 50 to 200 baluns for the dual-wire (P/N E) and the classical differential (PN) injection modes. In this way, both modes (and additionally the CM) can be used at the same time to create an alternat
38、ive set of MIMO modes. PNNPP/N EE1:21:250BNC50BNC50BNC50BNC50BNCBoth transformers are Coilcraft WBC4-1TLBFigure 11: Coupler extension in dual wire feed version C mode ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 1511 Circuit diagram The center point C in the schematic diagram in figure 11 is the heart of t
39、he coupler. It is built in a very compact form in order to reduce spurious inductances and capacitances for proper operation up to more than 100 MHz. All baluns are of the same type (Guanella transformers 1 : 4). They are of very low loss. The common mode transformer is magnetically coupled (Faraday
40、 type). Its loss is not negligible. If the CM switch is on and the CM interface is open then the CM transformer acts as an effective CM choke. If the CM switch is off then the impedance of the common mode transformer gets low. The instruments connected to the coupler are protected in several ways: g
41、as discharge and varistor between P and N; surge protection diodes on P, N and PE; switches S1 to S7 that allow to disconnect the instruments. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 16Universal SISO / MIMO Coupler 4.7nDE37-501M820k820kPERZ-V07D471NPE3xBNC50 OhmBNCPNESchukoT4CM4 t4 t4 t3 x50Ohm4.7n4.7
42、nGBLC08C-LFBNC50OhmBNC50OhmBNC50OhmE-PN-EP-N4 tT4S7balun 50 / 200 Ohmbalun 50 / 200 Ohmbalun 50 / 200 Ohmbalun 50 / 200 OhmMainsTRANSMITinterface(Delta)RECEIVEinterface(star)cable 1 m3 x 1 mm2S1S2S3T1T2T37 t7 t2.2k2.2k2.2k18p18p18pS4S5S6CCM on3 x 1503 x 1503 x 180DM calibration pad 20 dB Zo = 80 Ohm
43、STF 4107 tCM - interface(common mode)ononononononcommon mode transformerFigure 12: Coupler schematic ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 1712 Measurement Results 12.1 SISO SISO PNP E N PE NEP NEPNINOUTPNEP NECM CM19.2 dBZo = 80 OhmInsertion loss with ideal coupler: total: a = 21,0 dB Excess insert
44、ion loss per coupler: 3 MHz 0,4 dB 30 MHz 0,3 dB 60 MHz 0,5 dB 80 MHz 0,7 dB 100 MHz 2,4 dB Figure 13: Coupler Settings: SISO Table 2 Coupler Pad MHz 3 10 30 60 80 100 01 to 02 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 21,7 21,7 21,4 21,8 23,5 25,2 A -S21 NE-NE (dB) 21,7 21,8 21,5 21,7 22,6 24,1-S21 EP-EP (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,6
45、 21,8 22,6 24,2 03 to 04 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 21,7 21,7 21,5 21,9 23,3 25,3 B -S21 NE-NE (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,5 21,6 22,6 24,2-S21 EP-EP (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,6 21,7 22,4 24,1 05 to 06 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,5 21,9 23,6 25,7 C -S21 NE-NE (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,6 21,8 22,8 24,4-S21 EP-EP (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,7 21,
46、9 22,7 24,1 07 to 08 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 21,7 21,7 21,4 21,7 23,0 24,9 D -S21 NE-NE (dB) 21,7 21,8 21,5 21,5 22,3 23,8-S21 EP-EP (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,7 21,8 22,3 23,6 09 to 10 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 21,7 21,7 21,4 21,9 23,3 24,3 E -S21 NE-NE (dB) 21,8 21,7 21,5 21,4 22,1 23,5-S21 EP-EP (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,7 21,7 22
47、,3 23,7 11 to 12 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 21,7 21,7 21,4 21,9 23,3 25,3 F -S21 NE-NE (dB) 21,8 217 21,5 21,4 22,1 23,5 -S21 EP-EP (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,7 21,8 22,3 23,713 to 14 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,5 21,9 23,3 25,2 G -S21 NE-NE (dB) 21,8 218 21,6 21,6 22,2 23,6 -S21 EP-EP (dB) 21,8 21,8 21,7 21,9 22,6 24
48、,0ETSI ETSI TR 101 562 V1.1.1 (2011-05) 1812.2 MIMO symmetric MIMO symPN50 5050 50P E N PE NEP NEPNINOUTPNEP NECM CM19.2 dBZo = 80 OhmInsertion loss with ideal coupler: total: a = 23,3 dB Excess insertion loss per coupler: 3 MHz 0,9 dB 30 MHz 0,6 dB 60 MHz 0,8 dB 80 MHz 1,2 dB 100 MHz 2,1 dB Figure
49、14: Coupler Settings: MIMO symmetric Table 3 Coupler pad MHz 3 10 30 60 80 100 01 to 02 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 24,8 24,7 24,5 24,8 25,4 26,5 A -S21 NE-NE (dB) 24,8 24,7 24,5 24,6 24,7 25,3-S21 EP-EP (dB) 24,8 24,7 24,5 24,7 24,8 25,5 03 to 04 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 24,6 24,5 24,4 24,8 25,8 27,4 B -S21 NE-NE (dB) 24,6 24,5 24,3 24,5 25,2 26,4-S21 EP-EP (dB) 24,6 24,5 24,3 24,4 25,1 26,4 05 to 06 -S21 PN-PN (dB) 24,6 24,6 24,3 24,8 25,7 27,1 C -S21 NE-NE (dB) 24,6 24,5 24,3 24,6 25,2 26,6-S21 EP-EP (dB) 24,7 24,5 24,4
